#+TITLE: org-babel --- facilitating communication between programming languages and people #+SEQ_TODO: PROPOSED TODO STARTED | DONE DEFERRED REJECTED #+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:2 \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t TeX:t LaTeX:t skip:nil d:(HIDE) tags:not-in-toc #+STARTUP: oddeven hideblocks #+begin_html

executable source code blocks in org-mode

#+end_html Org-Babel makes source-code blocks in Org-Mode executable and allows data to pass seamlessly between different programming languages, Org-Mode constructs (tables, file links, example text) and interactive comint buffers. In this document: - The [[* Introduction][Introduction]] :: provides a brief overview of the design and use of Org-Babel including tutorials and examples. - In [[* Getting started][Getting Started]] :: find instructions for installing org-babel into your emacs configuration. - The [[* Tasks][Tasks]] :: section contains current and past tasks roughly ordered by TODO state, then importance or date-completed. This would be a good place to suggest ideas for development. - The [[* Bugs][Bugs]] :: section contains bug reports. - The [[* Tests][Tests]] :: section consists of a large table which can be evaluated to run Org-Babel's functional test suite. This provides a good overview of the current functionality with pointers to example source blocks. - The [[* Sandbox][Sandbox]] :: demonstrates much of the early/basic functionality through commented source-code blocks. Also see the [[file:library-of-babel.org][Library of Babel]], an extensible collection of ready-made and easily-shortcut-callable source-code blocks for handling common tasks. * Introduction Org-Babel enables *communication* between programming languages and between people. Org-Babel provides: - communication between programs :: Data passes seamlessly between different programming languages, Org-Mode constructs (tables, file links, example text) and interactive comint buffers. - communication between people :: Data and calculations are embedded in the same document as notes explanations and reports. ** communication between programs Org-Mode supports embedded blocks of source code (in any language) inside of Org documents. Org-Babel allows these blocks of code to be executed from within Org-Mode with natural handling of their inputs and outputs. *** simple execution with both scalar, file, and table output *** reading information from tables *** reading information from other source blocks (disk usage in your home directory) This will work for Linux and Mac users, not so sure about shell commands for windows users. To run place the cursor on the =#+begin_src= line of the source block labeled directory-pie and press =\C-c\C-c=. #+srcname: directories #+begin_src bash :results replace cd ~ && du -sc * |grep -v total #+end_src #+resname: directories | 64 | "Desktop" | | 11882808 | "Documents" | | 8210024 | "Downloads" | | 879800 | "Library" | | 57344 | "Movies" | | 7590248 | "Music" | | 5307664 | "Pictures" | | 0 | "Public" | | 152 | "Sites" | | 8 | "System" | | 56 | "bin" | | 3274848 | "mail" | | 5282032 | "src" | | 1264 | "tools" | #+srcname: directory-pie #+begin_src R :var dirs = directories :session R-pie-example pie(dirs[,1], labels = dirs[,2]) #+end_src *** operations in/on tables #+tblname: grades-table | student | grade | letter | |---------+-------+--------| | 1 | 99 | A | | 2 | 59 | F | | 3 | 75 | C | | 4 | 15 | F | | 5 | 7 | F | | 6 | 13 | F | #+TBLFM: $2='(sbe random-score-generator)::$3='(sbe assign-grade (score $2)) #+srcname: assign-grade #+begin_src ruby :var score=99 case score when 0..59: "F" when 60..69: "D" when 70..79: "C" when 80..89: "B" when 90..100: "A" else "Invalid Score" end #+end_src #+srcname: random-score-generator #+begin_src ruby rand(100) #+end_src #+srcname: show-distribution #+begin_src R :var grades=grades-table :session *R* hist(grades$grade) #+end_src ** communication between people Quick overview of Org-Mode's exportation abilities, with links to the online Org-Mode documentation, a focus on source-code blocks, and the exportation options provided by Org-Babel. *** Interactive tutorial This would demonstrate applicability to Reproducible Research, and Literate Programming. *** Tests embedded in documentation org-babels own functional tests are contained in a large org-mode table, allowing the test suite to be run be evaluation of the table and the results to be collected in the same table. *** Emacs initialization files stored in Org-Mode buffers Using `org-babel-tangle' it is possible to embed your Emacs initialization into org-mode files. This allows for folding, note-taking, todo's etc... embedded with the source-code of your Emacs initialization, and through org-mode's publishing features aids in sharing your customizations with others. It may be worthwhile to create a fork of Phil Hagelberg's [[http://github.com/technomancy/emacs-starter-kit/tree/master][emacs-starter-kit]] which uses literate org-mode files for all of the actual elisp customization. These org-mode files could then be exported to html and used to populate the repositories wiki on [[http://github.com/][github]]. ** features *** code evaluation (comint buffer sessions and external processes) There are two main ways to evaluate source blocks with org-babel. - external :: By default (if the =:session= header argument is not present) all source code blocks are evaluated in external processes. In these cases an external process is used to evaluate the source-code blocks. - session :: Session based evaluation uses persistent sessions in comint buffers. Sessions can be used across multiple source blocks setting and accessing variables in the global environment. Evaluating source blocks in sessions also allows for interaction with the code. To jump to the session of a source block use the `org-babel-pop-to-session' command or press =M-[down]= while inside of a source code block. When called with a prefix argument `org-babel-pop-to-session' will evaluate all header arguments before jumping to the source-code block. *** results (values and outputs) Either the *value* or the *output* of source code blocks can be collected after evaluation. - value :: The default way to collect results from a source-code block is to return the value of the last statement in the block. This can be thought of as the return value of the block. In this case any printed output of the block is ignored. This can be though of a similar to a "functional" value of evaluation. - output :: Another way of generating results from a source-code block is to collect the output generated by the execution of the block. In this case all printed output is collected throughout the execution of the block. This can be thought of as similar to a "script" style of evaluation. * Getting started Add the following lines to your .emacs, replacing the path as appropriate. A good place to check that things are up and running would then be [[#sandbox][the sandbox]]. #+begin_src emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/org-babel/lisp") (require 'org-babel-init) #+end_src * Tasks [47/64] ** STARTED share org-babel [1/6] how should we share org-babel? *** DONE post to org-mode *** TODO post to ess mailing list *** TODO create a org-babel page on worg *** TODO create a short screencast demonstrating org-babel in action *** PROPOSED a peer-reviewed publication? The following notes are biased towards statistics-oriented journals because ESS and Sweave are written by people associated with / in statistics departments. But I am sure there are suitable journals out there for an article on using org mode for reproducible research (and literate programming etc). Clearly, we would invite Carsten to be involved with this. ESS is described in a peer-reviewed journal article: Emacs Speaks Statistics: A Multiplatform, Multipackage Development Environment for Statistical Analysis [Abstract] Journal of Computational & Graphical Statistics 13(1), 247-261 Rossini, A.J, Heiberger, R.M., Sparapani, R.A., Maechler, M., Hornik, K. (2004) [[http://www.amstat.org/publications/jcgs.cfm][Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics]] Also [[http://www.amstat.org/publications/jss.cfm][Journal of Statistical Software]] Established in 1996, the Journal of Statistical Software publishes articles, book reviews, code snippets, and software reviews. The contents are freely available online. For both articles and code snippets, the source code is published along with the paper. Sweave has a paper: Friedrich Leisch and Anthony J. Rossini. Reproducible statistical research. Chance, 16(2):46-50, 2003. [ bib ] also Friedrich Leisch. Sweave: Dynamic generation of statistical reports using literate data analysis. In Wolfgang Härdle and Bernd Rönz, editors, Compstat 2002 - Proceedings in Computational Statistics, pages 575-580. Physica Verlag, Heidelberg, 2002. ISBN 3-7908-1517-9. also We could also look at the Journals publishing these [[http://www.reproducibleresearch.net/index.php/RR_links#Articles_about_RR_.28chronologically.29][Reproducible Research articles]]. *** PROPOSED an article in [[http://journal.r-project.org/][The R Journal]] This looks good. It seems that their main topic to software tools for use by R programmers, and Org-babel is certainly that. *** existing similar tools try to collect pointers to similar tools Reproducible Research - [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweave][Sweave]] Literate Programming - [[http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/noweb/][Noweb]] - [[http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/cweb.html][Cweb]] - [[http://www.lri.fr/~filliatr/ocamlweb/][OCamlWeb]] Meta Functional Programming - ? Programmable Spreadsheet - ? *** examples we need to think up some good examples **** interactive tutorials This could be a place to use [[* org-babel assertions][org-babel assertions]]. for example the first step of a tutorial could assert that the version of the software-package (or whatever) is equal to some value, then source-code blocks could be used with confidence (and executed directly from) the rest of the tutorial. **** answering a text-book question w/code example org-babel is an ideal environment enabling both the development and demonstrationg of the code snippets required as answers to many text-book questions. **** something using tables maybe something along the lines of calculations from collected grades **** file sizes Maybe something like the following which outputs sizes of directories under the home directory, and then instead of the trivial =emacs-lisp= block we could use an R block to create a nice pie chart of the results. #+srcname: sizes #+begin_src bash :results replace du -sc ~/* #+end_src #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var sizes=sizes :results replace (mapcar #'car sizes) #+end_src *** Answer to question on list From: Hector Villafuerte Subject: [Orgmode] Merge tables Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2009 10:08:40 -0600 To: emacs-orgmode@gnu.org Hi, I've just discovered Org and are truly impressed with it; using it for more and more tasks. Here's what I want to do: I have 2 tables with the same number of rows (one row per subject). I would like to make just one big table by copying the second table to the right of the first one. This is a no-brainer in a spreadsheet but my attempts in Org have failed. Any ideas? By the way, thanks for this great piece of software! -- hector **** Suppose the tables are as follows #+tblname: tab1 | a | b | c | |---+---+---| | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 7 | 8 | 9 | #+tblname: tab2 | d | e | f | |----+----+----| | 4 | 5 | 6 | | 10 | 11 | 12 | **** Here is an answer using R in org-babel #+srcname: column-bind(a=tab1, b=tab2) #+begin_src R :colnames t cbind(a, b) #+end_src #+resname: column-bind | "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" | |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | **** Alternatively Use org-table-export, do it in external spreadsheet software, then org-table-import ** TODO sha1 hash based caching :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: sha1-caching :END: #+begin_quote I wonder if we should consider some cashing of images, also for export. I think we could have an alist with sha1 hashes as keys and image files as values. The sha1 hash could be made from the entire code and the command that is used to create the image.. -- Carsten #+end_quote #+begin_quote (sha1 stuff) seems to work. org-feed.el has a (require 'sha1) and org-publish.el uses it too. -- Bernt #+end_quote ** TODO support for working with =*Org Edit Src Example*= buffers [4/6] *** STARTED Patch against org source. I've worked on several related changes to source code edit buffer behaviour in the org core. My current patch (below) does the following. Detailed explanation / working notes are below. - C-x s offers to save edit buffers - C-x C-c offers to save edit buffers - C-x k warns that you're killing an edit buffer - If you do kill an edit buffer, the overlay in the parent buffer is removed - Edit buffers are named *Org Src []*, where is the name of the org-mode buffer containing this source code block, and lang is the language major mode. The latter might be unnecessary? #+begin_example diff --git a/lisp/org-src.el b/lisp/org-src.el index 2083c77..2be21e6 100644 --- a/lisp/org-src.el +++ b/lisp/org-src.el @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ but which mess up the display of a snippet in Org exported files.") (defvar org-src-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)) (define-key org-src-mode-map "\C-c'" 'org-edit-src-exit) -(define-key org-src-mode-map "\C-x\C-s" 'org-edit-src-save) +;; (define-key org-src-mode-map "\C-x\C-s" 'org-edit-src-save) (defvar org-edit-src-force-single-line nil) (defvar org-edit-src-from-org-mode nil) (defvar org-edit-src-picture nil) @@ -168,7 +168,8 @@ the edited version." (if (boundp 'org-edit-src-overlay) (org-delete-overlay org-edit-src-overlay))) (kill-buffer buffer)) - (setq buffer (generate-new-buffer "*Org Edit Src Example*")) + (setq buffer (generate-new-buffer + (concat "*Org Src " (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name) "[" lang "]*"))) (setq ovl (org-make-overlay beg end)) (org-overlay-put ovl 'face 'secondary-selection) (org-overlay-put ovl 'edit-buffer buffer) @@ -186,8 +187,7 @@ the edited version." '(display nil invisible nil intangible nil)) (org-do-remove-indentation) (let ((org-inhibit-startup t)) - (funcall lang-f) - (org-src-mode)) + (funcall lang-f)) (set (make-local-variable 'org-edit-src-force-single-line) single) (set (make-local-variable 'org-edit-src-from-org-mode) org-mode-p) (when lfmt @@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ the edited version." (org-set-local 'org-edit-src-end-marker end) (org-set-local 'org-edit-src-overlay ovl) (org-set-local 'org-edit-src-nindent nindent) + (org-src-mode) (and org-edit-src-persistent-message (org-set-local 'header-line-format msg))) (message "%s" msg) @@ -400,12 +401,13 @@ the language, a switch telling of the content should be in a single line." (defun org-edit-src-exit () "Exit special edit and protect problematic lines." (interactive) - (unless (string-match "\\`*Org Edit " (buffer-name (current-buffer))) - (error "This is not an sub-editing buffer, something is wrong...")) + (unless org-edit-src-from-org-mode + (error "This is not a sub-editing buffer, something is wrong...")) (let ((beg org-edit-src-beg-marker) (end org-edit-src-end-marker) (ovl org-edit-src-overlay) (buffer (current-buffer)) + (buffer-file-name nil) (nindent org-edit-src-nindent) code line) (untabify (point-min) (point-max)) @@ -464,6 +466,17 @@ the language, a switch telling of the content should be in a single line." (goto-char (min p (point-max))) (message (or msg "")))) +(defun org-src-mode-configure-buffer () + (setq buffer-offer-save t) + (setq buffer-file-name + (concat (buffer-file-name (marker-buffer org-edit-src-beg-marker)) + "[" (buffer-name) "]")) + (setq write-contents-functions '(org-edit-src-save)) + (org-add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook + '(lambda () (org-delete-overlay org-edit-src-overlay)) nil 'local)) + +(org-add-hook 'org-src-mode-hook 'org-src-mode-configure-buffer) + (provide 'org-src) ;; arch-tag: 6a1fc84f-dec7-47be-a416-64be56bea5d8 #+end_example **** Detailed working notes to go with that patch ***** Recap of current org-src-mode If you use C-c ' to work on code in a begin_source block, the code buffer is put in minor mode org-src-mode, which features the following two useful key-bindings: | C-x s | org-edit-src-save | save the code in the source code block in the parent org file | | C-c ' | org-edit-src-exit | return to the parent org file with new code | Furthermore, while the edit buffer is alive, the originating code block is subject to a special overlay which links to the edit buffer when you click on it. This is all excellent, and I use it daily, but I think there's still a couple of improvements that we should make. ***** Proposed bug I C-x k kills the buffer without questions; the overlay remains, but now links to a deleted buffer. ***** Proposed bug II C-x C-c kills a modified edit buffer silently, without offering to save your work. I have lost work like that a number of times recently. ***** Proposed bug III C-x s does not offer to save a modified edit buffer ***** Notes on solution ****** write-contents-functions A good start seems to be to use org-src-mode-hook to add org-edit-src-save to the write-contents-functions list. This means that when it comes to saving, org-edit-src-save will be called and no subsequent attempt will be made to save the buffer in the normal way. (This should obviate the remapping of C-x C-s to org-edit-src-save in org-src.el) ****** buffer-offer-save We also want to set this to t. ****** Where does this get us? - C-x s still does *not* offer to save the edit buffer. That's because buffer-file-name is nil. - C-x C-c does ask us whether we want to save the edit buffer. However, since buffer-file-name is nil it asks us for a file name. The check in org-edit-src-exit throws an error unless the buffer is named '* Org Edit '... - C-x k kills the buffer silently, leaving a broken overlay link. If buffer-file-name were set, it would have warned that the buffer was modified. ****** buffer-file-name So, that all suggests that we need to set buffer-file-name, even though we don't really want to associate this buffer with a file in the normal way. As for the file name, my current suggestion is parent-org-filename[edit-buffer-name]. [I had to move the (org-src-mode) call to the end of org-edit-src-code to make sure that the required variables were defined when the hook was called.] ****** And so where are we now? - C-x s *does* offer to save the edit buffer, but in saving produces a warning that the edit buffer is modified. - C-x k now gives a warning that the edit buffer is modified (even if it's not). - C-x C-c is working as desired, except that again we get warnings that the edit buffer is modified, once when we save, and again just before exiting emacs. - And C-c ' now issues a warning that the edit buffer is modified when we leave it, which we don't want. ****** So, we need to get rid of the buffer modification warnings. I've made buffer-file-name nil inside the let binding in org-edit-src-exit. ****** And? - C-x s behaves as desired, except that as was already the case, the edit buffer is always considered modified, and so repeated invocations keep saving it. - As was already the case, C-x k always gives a warning that the edit buffer has been modified. - C-x C-c is as desired (offers to save the edit buffer) except that it warns of the modified buffer just before exiting. - C-c ' is as it should be (silent) ***** Conclusion We've got the desired behaviour, at the cost of being forced to assign a buffer-file-name to the edit buffer. The consequence is that the edit buffer is considered to always be modified, since a file of that name is never actually written to (doesn't even exist). I couldn't see a way to trick emacs into believing that the buffer was unmodified since last save. But in any case, I think there's an argument that these modifications warnings are a good thing, because one should not leave active edit buffers around: you should always have exited with C-c ' first. *** DONE name edit buffer according to #+srcname (and language?) See above patch agains org. *** DONE optionally evaluate header references when we switch to =*Org Edit Src*= buffer That seems to imply that the header references need to be evaluated and transformed into the target language object when we hit C-c ' to enter the *Org Edit Src* buffer [DED] Good point, I heartily agree that this should be supported [Eric] (or at least before the first time we attempt to evaluate code in that buffer -- I suppose there might be an argument for lazy evaluation, in case someone hits C-c ' but is "just looking" and not actually evaluating anything.) Of course if evaluating the reference is computationally intensive then the user might have to wait before they get the *Org Edit Src* buffer. [DED] I fear that it may be hard to anticipate when the references will be needed, some major-modes do on-the-fly evaluation while the buffer is being edited. I think that we should either do this before the buffer is opened or not at all, specifically I think we should resolve references if the user calls C-c ' with a prefix argument. Does that sound reasonable? [Eric] Yes [Dan] [Dan] So now that we have org-src-mode and org-src-mode-hook, I guess org-babel should do this by using the hook to make sure that, when C-c C-' is issued on a source block, any references are resolved and assignments are made in the appropriate session. #+tblname: my-little-table | 1 | 2 | | 3 | 4 | #+srcname: resolve-vars-on-edit #+begin_src ruby :var table=my-little-table :results silent :session test table.size.times.do |n| puts n end #+end_src *** TODO set buffer-local-process variables appropriately [DED] I think something like this would be great. You've probably already thought of this, but just to note it down: it would be really nice if org-babel's notion of a buffer's 'session/process' played nicely with ESS's notion of the buffer's session/process. ESS keeps the current process name for a buffer in a buffer-local variable ess-local-process-name. So one thing we will probably want to do is make sure that the *Org Edit Src Example* buffer sets that variable appropriately. [DED] I had not thought of that, but I agree whole heartedly. [Eric] Once this is done every variable should be able to dump regions into their inferior-process buffer using major-mode functions. *** REJECTED send code to inferior process Another thought on this topic: I think we will want users to send chunks of code to the interpreter from within the *Org Edit Src* buffer, and I think that's what you have in mind already. In ESS that is done using the ess-eval-* functions. [DED] I think we can leave this up to the major-mode in the source code buffer, as almost every source-code major mode will have functions for doing things like sending regions to the inferior process. If anything we might need to set the value of the buffer local inferior process variable. [Eric] *** DONE some possible requests/proposed changes for Carsten [4/4] While I remember, some possible requests/proposed changes for Carsten come to mind in that regard: **** DONE Remap C-x C-s to save the source to the org buffer? I've done this personally and I find it essential. I'm using #+begin_src emacs-lisp (defun org-edit-src-save () "Update the parent org buffer with the edited source code, save the parent org-buffer, and return to the source code edit buffer." (interactive) (let ((p (point))) (org-edit-src-exit) (save-buffer) (org-edit-src-code) (goto-char p))) (define-key org-exit-edit-mode-map "\C-x\C-s" 'org-edit-src-save) #+end_src which seems to work. I think this is great, but I think it should be implemented in the org-mode core **** DEFERRED Rename buffer and minor mode? Something shorter than *Org Edit Src Example* for the buffer name. org-babel is bringing org's source code interaction to a level of maturity where the 'example' is no longer appropriate. And if further keybindings are going to be added to the minor mode then maybe org-edit-src-mode is a better name than org-exit-edit-mode. Maybe we should name the buffer with a combination of the source code and the session. I think that makes sense. [ES] Are you also suggesting a new org-edit-src minor mode? [DED] org-exit-edit-mode is a minor mode that already exists: Minor mode installing a single key binding, "C-c '" to exit special edit. org-edit-src-save now has a binding in that mode, so I guess all I'm saying at this stage is that it's a bit of a misnomer. But perhaps we will also have more functionality to add to that minor mode, making it even more of a misnomer. Perhaps something like org-src-mode would be better. **** DONE Changed minor mode name and added hooks **** DONE a hook called when the src edit buffer is created This should be implemented in the org-mode core ** TODO resolve references to other org buffers/files This would allow source blocks to call upon tables, source-blocks, and results in other org buffers/files. See... - [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::TODO%20allow%20searching%20for%20names%20in%20other%20buffers][org-babel-ref.el:searching-in-other-buffers]] - [[file:lisp/org-babel.el::defun%20org-babel%20find%20named%20result%20name][org-babel.el#org-babel-find-named-result]] ** TODO resolve references to other non-org files - tabular data in .csv, .tsv etc format - files of interpreted code: anything stopping us giving such files similar status to a source code block? - Would be nice to allow org and non-org files to be remote ** TODO Finalise behaviour regarding vector/scalar output *** DONE Stop spaces causing vector output This simple example of multilingual chaining produces vector output if there are spaces in the message and scalar otherwise. [Not any more] #+srcname: msg-from-R(msg=msg-from-python) #+begin_src R paste(msg, "und R", sep=" ") #+end_src #+resname: : org-babel speaks elisp y python und R #+srcname: msg-from-python(msg=msg-from-elisp) #+begin_src python msg + " y python" #+end_src #+srcname: msg-from-elisp(msg="org-babel speaks") #+begin_src emacs-lisp (concat msg " elisp") #+end_src ** TODO command line execution Allow source code blocks to be called form the command line. This will be easy using the =sbe= function in [[file:lisp/org-babel-table.el][org-babel-table.el]]. This will rely upon [[* resolve references to other buffers][resolve references to other buffers]]. ** TODO inline source code blocks [3/5] Like the =\R{ code }= blocks not sure what the format should be, maybe just something simple like =src_lang[]{}= where lang is the name of the source code language to be evaluated, =[]= is optional and contains any header arguments and ={}= contains the code. (see [[* (sandbox) inline source blocks][the-sandbox]]) *** DONE evaluation with \C-c\C-c Putting aside the header argument issue for now we can just run these with the following default header arguments - =:results= :: silent - =:exports= :: results *** DONE inline exportation Need to add an interblock hook (or some such) through org-exp-blocks *** DONE header arguments We should make it possible to use header arguments. *** TODO fontification we should color these blocks differently *** TODO refine html exportation should use a span class, and should show original source in tool-tip ** TODO LoB: re-implement plotting and analysis functions from org-R I'll do this soon, now that we things are a bit more settled and we have column names in R. ** PROPOSED allow `anonymous' function block with function call args? My question here is simply whether we're going to allow #+begin_src python(arg=ref) # whatever #+end_src but with preference given to #+srcname blockname(arg=ref) ** PROPOSED allow :result as synonym for :results? ** PROPOSED allow 'output mode to return stdout as value? Maybe we should allow this. In fact, if block x is called with :results output, and it references blocks y and z, then shouldn't the output of x contain a concatenation of the outputs of y and z, together with x's own output? That would raise the question of what happens if y is defined with :results output and z with :results value. I guess z's (possibly vector/tabular) output would be inside a literal example block containing the whole lot. ** PROPOSED make tangle files read-only? With a file-local variable setting, yea that makes sense. Maybe the header should reference the related org-mode file. ** PROPOSED Creating presentations The [[mairix:t:@@9854.1246500519@gamaville.dokosmarshall.org][recent thread]] containing posts by Nick Dokos and Sebastian Vaubán on exporting to beamer looked very interesting, but I haven't had time to try it out yet. I would really like it if, eventually, we can generate a presentation (with graphics generated by code blocks) from the same org file that contains all the notes and code etc. I just wanted that to be on record in this document; I don't have anything more profound to say about it at the moment, and I'm not sure to what extent it is an org-babel issue. ** PROPOSED conversion between org-babel and noweb (e.g. .Rnw) format I haven't thought about this properly. Just noting it down. What Sweave uses is called "R noweb" (.Rnw). I found a good description of noweb in the following article (see the [[http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/pubs/lpsimp.pdf][pdf]]). I think there are two parts to noweb, the construction of documentation and the extraction of source-code (with notangle). *documentation*: org-mode handles all of our documentation needs in a manner that I believe is superior to noweb. *source extraction* At this point I don't see anyone writing large applications with 100% of the source code contained in org-babel files, rather I see org-babel files containing things like - notes with active code chunks - interactive tutorials - requirements documents with code running test suites - and of course experimental reports with the code to run the experiment, and perform analysis Basically I think the scope of the programs written in org-babel (at least initially) will be small enough that it wont require the addition of a tangle type program to extract all of the source code into a running application. On the other hand, since we already have named blocks of source code which reference other blocks on which they rely, this shouldn't be too hard to implement either on our own, or possibly relying on something like noweb/notangle. ** PROPOSED support for passing paths to files between source blocks Maybe this should be it's own result type (in addition to scalars and vectors). The reason being that some source-code blocks (for example ditaa or anything that results in the creation of a file) may want to pass a file path back to org-mode which could then be inserted into the org-mode buffer as a link to the file... This would allow for display of images upon export providing functionality similar to =org-exp-blocks= only in a more general manner. ** DEFERRED optional timestamp for output *DEFERRED*: I'm deferring this in deference to the better caching system proposed by Carsten. (see [[sha1-caching]]) Add option to place an (inactive) timestamp at the #+resname, to record when that output was generated. *** source code block timestamps (optional addition) [Eric] If we did this would we then want to place a timestamp on the source-code block, so that we would know if the results are current or out of date? This would have the effect of caching the results of calculations and then only re-running if the source-code has changed. For the caching to work we would need to check not only the timestamp on a source-code block, but also the timestamps of any tables or source-code blocks referenced by the original source-code block. [Dan] I do remember getting frustrated by Sweave always having to re-do everything, so this could be desirable, as long as it's easy to over-ride of course. I'm not sure it should be the default behaviour unless we are very confident that it works well. **** maintaining source-code block timestamps It may make sense to add a hook to `org-edit-special' which could update the source-code blocks timestamp. If the user edits the contents of a source-code block directly I can think of no efficient way of maintaining the timestamp. ** DEFERRED figure out how to handle errors during evaluation I expect it will be hard to do this properly, but ultimately it would be nice to be able to specify somewhere to receive STDERR, and to be warned if it is non-empty. Probably simpler in non-session evaluation than session? At least the mechanism will be different I guess. R has a try function, with error handling, along the lines of python. I bet ruby does too. Maybe more of an issue for functional style; in my proposed scripting style the error just gets dumped to the org buffer and the user is thus alerted. For now I think the current behavior of returning any error messages generated by the source language is sufficient. ** DEFERRED source-name visible in LaTeX and html exports Maybe this should be done in backend specific manners. The listings package may provide for naming a source-code block... Actually there is no obvious simple and attractive way to implement this. Closing this issue for now. ** DEFERRED Support rownames and other org babel table features? The full org table features are detailed in the manual [[http://orgmode.org/manual/Advanced-features.html#Advanced-features][here]]. *** rownames Perhaps add a :rownames header arg. This would be an integer (usually 1) which would have the effect of post-processing all the variables created in the R session in the following way: if the integer is j, set the row names to the contents of column j and delete column j. Perhaps it is artificial to allow this integer to take any value other than 1. The default would be nil which would mean no such behaviour. Actually I don't know about that. If multiple variables are passed in, it's not appropriate to alter them all in the same way. The rownames specification would normally refer to just one of the variables. For now maybe just say this has to be done in R. E.g. #+TBLNAME: sample-sizes | collection | size | exclude | include | exclude2 | include2 | |-----------------+------+---------+---------+----------+----------| | 58C | 2936 | 8 | 2928 | 256 | 2680 | | MS | 5852 | 771 | 5081 | 771 | 5081 | | NBS | 2929 | 64 | 2865 | 402 | 2527 | | POBI | 2717 | 1 | 2716 | 1 | 2716 | | 58C+MS+NBS+POBI | | | 13590 | | 13004 | #+TBLFM: @2$4=@2$2 - @2$3::@2$6=@2$2 - @2$5::@3$4=@3$2-@3$3::@3$6=@3$2 - @3$5::@4$4=@4$2 - @4$3::@4$6=@4$2 - @4$5::@5$4=@5$2-@5$3::@5$6=@5$2 - @5$5::@6$4=vsum(@2$4..@5$4)::@6$6=vsum(@2$6..@5$6) #+srcname: make-size-table(size=sample-sizes) #+begin_src R rownames(size) <- size[,1] size <- size[,-1] #+end_src *** Old notes [I don't think it's as problematic as this makes out] This is non-trivial, but may be worth doing, in particular to develop a nice framework for sending data to/from R. **** Notes In R, indexing vector elements, and rows and columns, using strings rather than integers is an important part of the language. - elements of a vector may have names - matrices and data.frames may have "column names" and "row names" which can be used for indexing - In a data frame, row names *must* be unique Examples #+begin_example > # a named vector > vec <- c(a=1, b=2) > vec["b"] b 2 > mat <- matrix(1:4, nrow=2, ncol=2, dimnames=list(c("r1","r2"), c("c1","c2"))) > mat c1 c2 r1 1 3 r2 2 4 > # The names are separate from the data: they do not interfere with operations on the data > mat * 3 c1 c2 r1 3 9 r2 6 12 > mat["r1","c2"] [1] 3 > df <- data.frame(var1=1:26, var2=26:1, row.names=letters) > df$var2 [1] 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 > df["g",] var1 var2 g 7 20 #+end_example So it's tempting to try to provide support for this in org-babel. For example - allow R to refer to columns of a :var reference by their names - When appropriate, results from R appear in the org buffer with "named columns (and rows)" However none (?) of the other languages we are currently supporting really have a native matrix type, let alone "column names" or "row names". Names are used in e.g. python and perl to refer to entries in dicts / hashes. It currently seems to me that support for this in org-babel would require setting rules about when org tables are considered to have named columns/fields, and ensuring that (a) languages with a notion of named columns/fields use them appropriately and (b) languages with no such notion do not treat then as data. - Org allows something that *looks* like column names to be separated by a hline - Org also allows a row to *function* as column names when special markers are placed in the first column. An hline is unnecessary (indeed hlines are purely cosmetic in org [correct?] - Org does not have a notion of "row names" [correct?] The full org table functionality exeplified [[http://orgmode.org/manual/Advanced-features.html#Advanced-features][here]] has features that we would not support in e.g. R (like names for the row below). **** Initial statement: allow tables with hline to be passed as args into R This doesn't seem to work at the moment (example below). It would also be nice to have a natural way for the column names of the org table to become the column names of the R data frame, and to have the option to specify that the first column is to be used as row names in R (these must be unique). But this might require a bit of thinking about. #+TBLNAME: egtable | col1 | col2 | col3 | |------+---------+------| | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | schulte | 6 | #+TBLNAME: egtable2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | schulte | 6 | #+begin_src R :var tabel=egtable :colnames t tabel #+end_src #+resname: | "col1" | "col2" | "col3" | |--------+-----------+--------| | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | "schulte" | 6 | Another example is in the [[*operations%20in%20on%20tables][grades example]]. ** DEFERRED use textConnection to pass tsv to R? When passing args from the org buffer to R, the following route is used: arg in buffer -> elisp -> tsv on file -> data frame in R. I think it would be possible to avoid having to write to file by constructing an R expression in org-babel-R-assign-elisp, something like this #+begin_src emacs-lisp (org-babel-R-input-command (format "%s <- read.table(textConnection(\"%s\"), sep=\"\\t\", as.is=TRUE)" name (orgtbl-to-tsv value '(:sep "\t" :fmt org-babel-R-quote-tsv-field)))) #+end_src I haven't tried to implement this yet as it's basically just fiddling with something that works. The only reason for it I can think of would be efficiency and I haven't tested that. This Didn't work after an initial test. I still think this is a good idea (I also think we should try to do something similar when writing out results frmo R to elisp) however as it wouldn't result in any functional changes I'm bumping it down to deferred for now. [Eric] for quick tests #+tblname: quick-test | 1 | 2 | 3 | #+srcname: quick-test-src-blk #+begin_src R :var vec=quick-test mean(mean(vec)) #+end_src #+resname: : 2 : 2 ** DEFERRED Rework Interaction with Running Processes [2/5] *** DONE robust to errors interrupting execution #+srcname: long-runner-ruby #+begin_src ruby :results silent sleep(10) :patton_is_an_grumpy #+end_src *** DEFERRED use =C-g= keyboard-quit to push processing into the background This may be possible using the `run-with-timer' command. I have no idea how this could work... #+srcname: long-runner-ruby #+begin_src ruby :results silent sleep(10) :patton_is_an_grumpy #+end_src *** TODO ability to select which of multiple sessions is being used Increasingly it is looking like we're going to want to run all source code blocks in comint buffer (sessions). Which will have the benefits of 1) allowing background execution 2) maintaining state between source-blocks - allowing inline blocks w/o header arguments **** R sessions (like ess-switch-process in .R buffers) Maybe this could be packaged into a header argument, something like =:R_session= which could accept either the name of the session to use, or the string =prompt=, in which case we could use the =ess-switch-process= command to select a new process. *** TODO evaluation of shell code as background process? After C-c C-c on an R code block, the process may appear to block, but C-g can be used to reclaim control of the .org buffer, without interrupting the R evalution. However I believe this is not true of bash/sh evaluation. [Haven't tried other languages] Perhaps a solution is just to background the individual shell commands. The other languages (aside from emacs lisp) are run through the shell, so if we find a shell solution it should work for them as well. Adding an ampersand seems to be a supported way to run commands in the background (see [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/ExecuteExternalCommand#toc4][external-commands]]). Although a more extensible solution may involve the use of the [[elisp:(progn (describe-function 'call-process-region) nil)][call-process-region]] function. Going to try this out in a new file [[file:lisp/org-babel-proc.el][org-babel-proc.el]]. This should contain functions for asynchronously running generic shell commands in the background, and then returning their input. **** partial update of org-mode buffer The sleekest solution to this may be using a comint buffer, and then defining a filter function which would incrementally interpret the results as they are returned, including insertion into the org-mode buffer. This may actually cause more problems than it is worth, what with the complexities of identifying the types of incrementally returned results, and the need for maintenance of a process marker in the org buffer. **** 'working' spinner It may be nice and not too difficult to place a spinner on/near the evaluating source code block *** TODO conversion of output from interactive shell, R (and python) sessions to org-babel buffers [DED] This would be a nice feature I think. Although an org-babel purist would say that it's working the wrong way round... After some interactive work in a *R* buffer, you save the buffer, maybe edit out some lines, and then convert it to org-babel format for posterity. Same for a shell session either in a *shell* buffer, or pasted from another terminal emulator. And python of course. ** DEFERRED improve the source-block snippet any real improvement seems somewhat beyond the ability of yasnippet for now. [[file:~/src/emacs-starter-kit/src/snippets/text-mode/rst-mode/chap::name%20Chapter%20title][file:~/src/emacs-starter-kit/src/snippets/text-mode/rst-mode/chap::name Chapter title]] #+begin_example ,#name : Chapter title ,# -- ${1:Chapter} ${1:$(make-string (string-width text) ?\=)} $0 #+end_example [[file:snippets/org-mode/sb][sb -- snippet]] waiting for guidance from those more familiar with yasnippets ** REJECTED re-implement R evaluation using ess-command or ess-execute I don't have any complaints with the current R evaluation code or behaviour, but I think it would be good to use the ESS functions from a political point of view. Plus of course it has the normal benefits of an API (insulates us from any underlying changes etc). [DED] I'll look into this. I believe that I looked at and rejected these functions initially but now I can't remember why. I agree with your overall point about using API's where available. I will take a look back at these and either switch to using the ess commands, or at least articulate under this TODO the reasons for using our custom R-interaction commands. [Eric] ess-execute Lets just replace =org-babel-R-input-command= with =ess-execute=. I tried this, and although it works in some situations, I find that =ess-command= will often just hang indefinitely without returning results. Also =ess-execute= will occasionally hang, and pops up the buffer containing the results of the command's execution, which is undesirable. For now these functions can not be used. Maybe someone more familiar with the ESS code can recommend proper usage of =ess-command= or some other lower-level function which could be used in place of [[file:lisp/org-babel-R.el::defun%20org-babel%20R%20input%20command%20command][org-babel-R-input-command]]. *** ess functions #+begin_quote ess-command (ess-command COM &optional BUF SLEEP NO-PROMPT-CHECK) Send the ESS process command COM and delete the output from the ESS process buffer. If an optional second argument BUF exists save the output in that buffer. BUF is erased before use. COM should have a terminating newline. Guarantees that the value of .Last.value will be preserved. When optional third arg SLEEP is non-nil, `(sleep-for (* a SLEEP))' will be used in a few places where `a' is proportional to `ess-cmd-delay'. #+end_quote #+begin_quote ess-execute (ess-execute COMMAND &optional INVERT BUFF MESSAGE) Send a command to the ESS process. A newline is automatically added to COMMAND. Prefix arg (or second arg INVERT) means invert the meaning of `ess-execute-in-process-buffer'. If INVERT is 'buffer, output is forced to go to the process buffer. If the output is going to a buffer, name it *BUFF*. This buffer is erased before use. Optional fourth arg MESSAGE is text to print at the top of the buffer (defaults to the command if BUFF is not given.) #+end_quote *** out current setup 1) The body of the R source code block is wrapped in a function 2) The function is called inside of a =write.table= function call writing the results to a table 3) The table is read using =org-table-import= ** DONE figure out how to handle graphic output This is listed under [[* graphical output][graphical output]] in out objectives. This should take advantage of the =:results file= option, and languages which almost always produce graphical output should set =:results file= to true by default (this is currently done for the gnuplot and ditaa languages). That would handle placing these results in the buffer. Then if there is a combination of =silent= and =file= =:results= headers we could drop the results to a temp buffer and pop open that buffer... Display of file results is addressed in the [[* =\C-c \C-o= to open results of source block][open-results-task]]. I think this is done for now. With the ability of the file option it is now possible to save images directly to a file. Then calling =\C-c\C-o= with point on the source block will open the related results. *** R graphics to screen means session evaluation If R graphical output is going to screen then evaluation must be in a session, otherwise the graphics will disappear as soon as the R process dies. *** Adding to a discussion started in email I'm not deeply wedded to these ideas, just noting them down. I'm probably just thinking of R and haven't really thought about how this fits with the other graphics-generating languages. Dan: > I used the approach below to get graphical file output > today, which is one idea at least. Maybe it could be linked up with > your :results file variable. (Or do we need a :results image for R?) > Eric: I don't think we need a special image results variable, but I may be missing what the code below accomplishes. Would the task I added about adding org-open-at-point functionality to source code blocks take care of this need? Dan: I'm not sure. I think the ability for a script to generate both text and graphical output might be a natural expectation, at least for R users. > > Dan > > #+srcname: cohort-scatter-plots-2d(org_babel_graphical_output_file="cohort-scatter-plots-2d.png") > #+begin_src R > if(exists("org_babel_output_file")) > png(filename=org_babel_graphical_output_file, width=1000, height=1000) > ## plotting code in here > if(exists("org_babel_graphical_output_file")) dev.off() > #+end_src Dan: Yes, the results :file option is nice for dealing with graphical output, and that could well be enough. Something based on the scheme above would have a couple of points in its favour: 1. It's easy to switch between output going to on-screen graphics and output going to file: Output will go to screen unless a string variable with a standard name (e.g. ""org_babel_graphical_output_file"") exists in which case it will go to the file indicated by the value of that variable. 2. The block can return a result / script output, as well as produce graphical output. In interactive use we might want to allow the user to choose between screen and file output. In non-interactive use such as export, it would be file output (subject to the :exports directives). ** DONE new results types (org, html, latex) Thanks to Tom Short for this recommendation. - raw or org :: in which case the results are implemented raw, unquoted into the org-mode file. This would also handle links as source block output. - html :: the results are inserted inside of a #+BEGIN_HTML block - latex :: the results are inserted inside of a #+BEGIN_LATEX block It might look like: : #+begin_src R :session *R* :results org : cat("***** This is a table\n") : cat("| 1 | 2 | 3 |\n") : cat("[[http://google.com][Google it here]]\n" : #+end_src : : #+resname: : ***** This is a table : | 1 | 2 | 3 | [[http://google.com][: Google it here]] We actually might want to remove the =#+resname= line if the results type is org-mode, not sure... Either way I don't think there is a good way to capture/remove org type results. *** LaTeX #+srcname: latex-results #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results latex "this should be inside of a LaTeX block" #+end_src #+resname: #+BEGIN_LaTeX this should be inside of a LaTeX block #+END_LaTeX *** Html #+srcname: html-results #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results html "this should be inside of a HTML block and more is long" #+end_src #+resname: #+BEGIN_HTML this should be inside of a HTML block and more is long #+END_HTML *** raw Added a =raw= results header argument, which will insert the results of a source-code block into an org buffer un-escaped. Also, if the results look like a table, then the table will be aligned. #+srcname: raw-table-demonstration #+begin_src ruby :results output raw puts "| root | square |" puts "|---" 10.times do |n| puts "| #{n} | #{n*n} |" end #+end_src #+resname: | root | square | |------+--------| | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 4 | | 3 | 9 | | 4 | 16 | | 5 | 25 | | 6 | 36 | | 7 | 49 | | 8 | 64 | | 9 | 81 | Not sure how/if this would work, but it may be desirable. ** DONE org-bable-tangle: no default extension if one already exists ** DONE take default values for header args from properties Use file-wide and subtree wide properties to set default values for header args. [DED] One thing I'm finding when working with R is that an org file may contain many source blocks, but that I just want to evaluate a subset of them. Typically this is in order to take up where I left off: I need to recreate a bunch of variables in the session environment. I'm thinking maybe we want to use a tag-based mechanism similar to :export: and :noexport: to control evaluation on a per-subtree basis. *** test-header with properties :PROPERTIES: :tangle: yes :var: def=8 :END: Ahh... as is so often the case, just had to wrap `org-babel-params-from-properties' in a `save-match-data' form. #+tblname: why-def-props-cause-probs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | #+srcname: default-props-implementation #+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle no :var my-lis=why-def-props-cause-probs :results silent (+ (length my-lis) def) #+end_src ** DONE new reference syntax *inside* source code blocks This is from an email discussion on the org-mode mailing list with Sébastien. The goal here is to mimic the source-block reference style of Noweb. Upon export and/or tangle these references could be replaced with the actual body of the referenced source-code block. See the following for an example. #+srcname: ems-ruby-print-header #+begin_src ruby puts "---------------------------header---------------------------" #+end_src #+srcname: emacs-ruby-print-footer #+begin_src ruby puts "---------------------------footer---------------------------" #+end_src #+srcname: ems-ruby-print-message #+begin_src ruby :file ruby-noweb.rb # <> puts " Ruby " # <> #+end_src Upon export the previous source-code block would result in a file being generated at =ruby-noweb.rb= with the following contents : puts "---------------------------header---------------------------" : puts " Ruby " : puts "---------------------------footer---------------------------" the body of a source-code block with all =<>= references expanded can now be returned by `org-babel-expand-noweb-references'. This function is now called by default on all source-code blocks on export. ** DONE re-work tangling system Sometimes when tangling a file (e.g. when extracting elisp from a org-mode file) we want to get nearly every source-code block. Sometimes we want to only extract those source-code blocks which reference a indicate that they should be extracted (e.g. traditional literate programming along the Noweb model) I'm not sure how we can devise a single simple tangling system that naturally fits both of these use cases. *** new setup the =tangle= header argument will default to =no= meaning source-code blocks will *not* be exported by default. In order for a source-code block to be tangled it needs to have an output file specified. This can happen in two ways... 1) a file-wide default output file can be passed to `org-babel-tangle' which will then be used for all blocks 2) if the value of the =tangle= header argument is anything other than =no= or =yes= then it is used as the file name #+srcname: test-new-tangling #+begin_src emacs-lisp (org-babel-load-file "test-tangle.org") (if (string= test-tangle-advert "use org-babel-tangle for all your emacs initialization files!!") "succeed" "fail") #+end_src #+resname: : succeed ** DONE =\C-c \C-o= to open results of source block by adding a =defadvice= to =org-open-at-point= we can use the common =\C-c \C-o= keybinding to open the results of a source-code block. This would be especially useful for source-code blocks which generate graphical results and insert a file link as the results in the org-mode buffer. (see [[* figure out how to handle graphic output][TODO figure out how to handle graphic output]]). This could also act reasonably with other results types... - file :: use org-open-at-point to open the file - scalar :: open results unquoted in a new buffer - tabular :: export the table to a new buffer and open that buffer when called with a prefix argument the block is re-run #+srcname: task-opening-results-of-blocks #+begin_src ditaa :results replace :file blue.png :cmdline -r +---------+ | cBLU | | | | +----+ | |cPNK| | | | +----+----+ #+end_src #+resname: [[file:blue.png][blue.png]] #+srcname: task-open-vector #+begin_src emacs-lisp '((1 2) (3 4)) #+end_src #+resname: | 1 | 2 | | 3 | 4 | #+srcname: task-open-scalar #+begin_src ruby :results output 8.times do |n| puts "row #{n}" end #+end_src #+resname: : row 0 : row 1 : row 2 : row 3 : row 4 : row 5 : row 6 : row 7 ** DONE Stop spaces causing vector output This simple example of multilingual chaining produces vector output if there are spaces in the message and scalar otherwise. [Not any more] #+srcname: msg-from-R(msg=msg-from-python) #+begin_src R paste(msg, "und R", sep=" ") #+end_src #+resname: : org-babel speaks elisp y python und R #+srcname: msg-from-python(msg=msg-from-elisp) #+begin_src python msg + " y python" #+end_src #+srcname: msg-from-elisp(msg="org-babel speaks") #+begin_src emacs-lisp (concat msg " elisp") #+end_src ** DONE add =:tangle= family of header arguments values are - no :: don't include source-code block when tangling - yes :: do include source-code block when tangling this is tested in [[file:test-tangle.org::*Emacs%20Lisp%20initialization%20stuff][test-tangle.org]] ** DONE extensible library of callable source blocks *** Current design This is covered by the [[file:library-of-babel.org][Library of Babel]], which will contain ready-made source blocks designed to carry out useful common tasks. *** Initial statement [Eric] Much of the power of org-R seems to be in it's helper functions for the quick graphing of tables. Should we try to re-implement these functions on top of org-babel? I'm thinking this may be useful both to add features to org-babel-R and also to potentially suggest extensions of the framework. For example one that comes to mind is the ability to treat a source-code block like a function which accepts arguments and returns results. Actually this can be it's own TODO (see [[* source blocks as functions][source blocks as functions]]). *** Objectives [Dan] - We want to provide convenient off-the-shelf actions (e.g. plotting data) that make use of our new code evaluation environment but do not require any actual coding. *** Initial Design proposal [Dan] - *Input data* will be specified using the same mechanism as :var references, thus the input data may come from a table, or another source block, and it is initially available as an elisp data structure. - We introduce a new #+ line, e.g. #+BABELDO. C-c C-c on that line will apply an *action* to the referenced data. - *Actions correspond to source blocks*: our library of available actions will be a library of org-babel source blocks. Thus the code for executing an action, and the code for dealing with the output of the action will be the same code as for executing source blocks in general - Optionally, the user can have the relevant source block inserted into the org buffer after the (say) #+BABELDO line. This will allow the user to fine tune the action by modifying the code (especially useful for plots). - So maybe a #+BABELDO line will have header args - :data (a reference to a table or source code block) - :action (or should that be :srcname?) which will be something like :action pie-chart, referring to a source block which will be executed with the :data referent passed in using a :var arg. - :showcode or something controlling whether to show the code *** Modification to design I'm implementing this, at least initially, as a new interpreter named 'babel', which has an empty body. 'babel' blocks take a :srcname header arg, and look for the source-code block with that name. They then execute the referenced block, after first appending their own header args on to the target block's header args. If the target block is in the library of babel (a.o.t. e.g. the current buffer), then the code in the block will refer to the input data with a name dictated by convention (e.g. __data__ (something which is syntactically legal in all languages...). Thus the babel block will use a :var __data__ = whatever header arg to reference the data to be plotted. ** DONE Column names in R input/output This has been implemented: Automatic on input to R; optional in output. Note that this equates column names with the header row in an org table; whereas org actually has a mechanism whereby a row with a '!' in the first field defines column names. I have not attempted to support these org table mechanisms yet. See [[*Support%20rownames%20and%20other%20org%20babel%20table%20features][this DEFERRED todo item]]. ** DONE use example block for large amounts of stdout output? We're currently `examplizing' with : at the beginning of the line, but should larger amounts of output be in a \#+begin_example...\#+end_example block? What's the cutoff? > 1 line? This would be nice as it would allow folding of lengthy output. Sometimes one will want to see stdout just to check everything looks OK, and then fold it away. I'm addressing this in branch 'examplizing-output'. Yea, that makes sense. (either that or allow folding of large blocks escaped with =:=). Proposed cutoff of 10 lines, we can save this value in a user customizable variable. *** DONE add ability to remove such results ** DONE exclusive =exports= params #+srcname: implement-export-exclusivity #+begin_src ruby :this_is_a_test #+end_src #+resname: : :this_is_a_test ** DONE LoB: allow output in buffer ** DONE allow default header arguments by language org-babel-default-header-args:lang-name An example of when this is useful is for languages which always return files as their results (e.g. [[*** ditaa][ditaa]], and [[*** gnuplot][gnuplot]]). ** DONE singe-function tangling and loading elisp from literate org-mode file [3/3] This function should tangle the org-mode file for elisp, and then call `load-file' on the resulting tangled file. #+srcname: test-loading-embedded-emacs-lisp #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results replace (setq test-tangle-advert nil) (setq test-tangle-loading nil) (setq results (list :before test-tangle-loading test-tangle-advert)) (org-babel-load-file "test-tangle.org") (setq results (list (list :after test-tangle-loading test-tangle-advert) results)) (delete-file "test-tangle.el") (reverse results) #+end_src #+resname: test-loading-embedded-emacs-lisp | :before | nil | nil | | :after | "org-babel tangles" | "use org-babel-tangle for all your emacs initialization files!!" | *** DONE add optional language limiter to org-babel-tangle This should check to see if there is any need to re-export *** DONE ensure that org-babel-tangle returns the path to the tangled file(s) #+srcname: test-return-value-of-org-babel-tangle #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results replace (mapcar #'file-name-nondirectory (org-babel-tangle-file "test-tangle.org" "emacs-lisp")) #+end_src #+resname: | "test-tangle.el" | *** DONE only tangle the file if it's actually necessary ** DONE add a function to jump to a source-block by name I've had an initial stab at that in org-babel-find-named-block (library-of-babel branch). At the same time I introduced org-babel-named-src-block-regexp, to match src-blocks with srcname. This is now working with the command `org-babel-goto-named-source-block', all we need is a good key binding. ** DONE add =:none= session argument (for purely functional execution) [4/4] This would allow source blocks to be run in their own new process - These blocks could then also be run in the background (since we can detach and just wait for the process to signal that it has terminated) - We wouldn't be drowning in session buffers after running the tests - we can re-use much of the session code to run in a more /functional/ mode While session provide a lot of cool features, like persistent environments, [[* DONE function to bring up inferior-process buffer][pop-to-session]], and hints at exportation for org-babel-tangle, they also have some down sides and I'm thinking that session-based execution maybe shouldn't be the default behavior. Down-sides to sessions - *much* more complicated than functional evaluation - maintaining the state of the session has weird issues - waiting for evaluation to finish - prompt issues like [[* TODO weird escaped characters in shell prompt break shell evaluation][shell-prompt-escapes-bug]] - can't run in background - litter emacs with session buffers *** DONE ruby #+srcname: ruby-task-no-session #+begin_src ruby :results replace output puts :eric puts :schulte [1, 2, 3] #+end_src #+resname: ruby-task-no-session | "eric" | | "schulte" | *** DONE python #+srcname: task-python-none-session #+begin_src python :session none :results replace value print 'something' print 'output' [1, 2, 3] #+end_src #+resname: task-python-none-session | 1 | 2 | 3 | *** DONE sh #+srcname: task-session-none-sh #+begin_src sh :results replace echo "first" echo "second" #+end_src #+resname: task-session-none-sh | "first" | | "second" | *** DONE R #+srcname: task-no-session-R #+begin_src R :results replace output a <- 8 b <- 9 a + b b - a #+end_src #+resname: task-no-session-R | "[1]" | 17 | | "[1]" | 1 | ** DONE fully purge org-babel-R of direct comint interaction try to remove all code under the [[file:lisp/org-babel-R.el::functions%20for%20evaluation%20of%20R%20code][;; functions for evaluation of R code]] line ** DONE Create objects in top level (global) environment [5/5] *sessions* *** initial requirement statement [DED] At the moment, objects created by computations performed in the code block are evaluated in the scope of the code-block-function-body and therefore disappear when the code block is evaluated {unless you employ some extra trickery like assign('name', object, env=globalenv()) }. I think it will be desirable to also allow for a style wherein objects that are created in one code block persist in the R global environment and can be re-used in a separate block. This is what Sweave does, and while I'm not saying we have to be the same as Sweave, it wouldn't be hard for us to provide the same behaviour in this case; if we don't, we risk undeservedly being written off as an oddity by some. IOW one aspect of org-babel is that of a sort of functional meta-programming language. This is crazy, in a very good way. Nevertheless, wrt R I think there's going to be a lot of value in providing for a working style in which the objects are stored in the R session, rather than elisp/org buffer. This will be a very familiar working style to lots of people. There are no doubt a number of different ways of accomplishing this, the simplest being a hack like adding #+begin_src R for(objname in ls()) assign(objname, get(objname), envir=globalenv()) #+end_src to the source code block function body. (Maybe wrap it in an on.exit() call). However this may deserve to be thought about more carefully, perhaps with a view to having a uniform approach across languages. E.g. shell code blocks have the same semantics at the moment (no persistence of variables across code blocks), because the body is evaluated in a new bash shell process rather than a running shell. And I guess the same is true for python. However, in both these cases, you could imagine implementing the alternative in which the body is evaluated in a persistent interactive session. It's just that it's particularly natural for R, seeing as both ESS and org-babel evaluate commands in a single persistent R session. *** sessions [Eric] Thanks for bringing this up. I think you are absolutely correct that we should provide support for a persistent environment (maybe called a *session*) in which to evaluate code blocks. I think the current setup demonstrates my personal bias for a functional style of programming which is certainly not ideal in all contexts. While the R function you mention does look like an elegant solution, I think we should choose an implementation that would be the same across all source code types. Specifically I think we should allow the user to specify an optional *session* as a header variable (when not present we assume a default session for each language). The session name could be used to name a comint buffer (like the *R* buffer) in which all evaluation would take place (within which variables would retain their values --at least once I remove some of the functional method wrappings currently in place-- ). This would allow multiple environments to be used in the same buffer, and once this setup was implemented we should be able to fairly easily implement commands for jumping between source code blocks and the related session buffers, as well as for dumping the last N commands from a session into a new or existing source code block. Please let me know if you foresee any problems with this proposed setup, or if you think any parts might be confusing for people coming from Sweave. I'll hopefully find some time to work on this later in the week. *** can functional and interpreted/interactive models coexist? Even though both of these use the same =*R*= buffer the value of =a= is not preserved because it is assigned inside of a functional wrapper. #+srcname: task-R-sessions #+begin_src R a <- 9 b <- 21 a + b #+end_src #+srcname: task-R-same-session #+begin_src R a #+end_src This functional wrapper was implemented in order to efficiently return the results of the execution of the entire source code block. However it inhibits the evaluation of source code blocks in the top level, which would allow for persistence of variable assignment across evaluations. How can we allow *both* evaluation in the top level, and efficient capture of the return value of an entire source code block in a language independent manner? Possible solutions... 1) we can't so we will have to implement two types of evaluation depending on which is appropriate (functional or imperative) 2) we remove the functional wrapper and parse the source code block into it's top level statements (most often but not always on line breaks) so that we can isolate the final segment which is our return value. 3) we add some sort of "#+return" line to the code block 4) we take advantage of each languages support for meta-programming through =eval= type functions, and use said to evaluate the entire blocks in such a way that their environment can be combined with the global environment, and their results are still captured. 5) I believe that most modern languages which support interactive sessions have support for a =last_result= type function, which returns the result of the last input without re-calculation. If widely enough present this would be the ideal solution to a combination of functional and imperative styles. None of these solutions seem very desirable, but for now I don't see what else would be possible. Of these options I was leaning towards (1) and (4) but now believe that if it is possible option (5) will be ideal. **** (1) both functional and imperative evaluation Pros - can take advantage of built in functions for sending regions to the inferior process - retains the proven tested and working functional wrappers Cons - introduces the complication of keeping track of which type of evaluation is best suited to a particular context - the current functional wrappers may require some changes in order to include the existing global context **** (4) exploit language meta-programming constructs to explicitly evaluate code Pros - only one type of evaluation Cons - some languages may not have sufficient meta-programming constructs **** (5) exploit some =last_value= functionality if present Need to ensure that most languages have such a function, those without will simply have to implement their own similar solution... | language | =last_value= function | |------------+-----------------------------| | R | .Last.value | | ruby | _ | | python | _ | | shell | see [[* last command for shells][last command for shells]] | | emacs-lisp | see [[* emacs-lisp will be a special case][special-case]] | #+srcname: task-last-value #+begin_src ruby 82 + 18 #+end_src ***** last command for shells Do this using the =tee= shell command, and continually pipe the output to a file. Got this idea from the following [[http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Fedora/2004-01/0898.html][email-thread]]. suggested from mailing list #+srcname: bash-save-last-output-to-file #+begin_src sh while read line do bash -c "$line" | tee /tmp/last.out1 mv /tmp/last.out1 /tmp/last.out done #+end_src another proposed solution from the above thread #+srcname: bash-save-in-variable #+begin_src sh #!/bin/bash # so - Save Output. Saves output of command in OUT shell variable. OUT=`$*` echo $OUT #+end_src and another #+begin_quote .inputrc: "^[k": accept-line "^M": " | tee /tmp/h_lastcmd.out ^[k" .bash_profile: export __=/tmp/h_lastcmd.out If you try it, Alt-k will stand for the old Enter; use "command $__" to access the last output. Best, -- Herculano de Lima Einloft Neto #+end_quote ***** emacs-lisp will be a special case While it is possible for emacs-lisp to be run in a console type environment (see the =elim= function) it is *not* possible to run emacs-lisp in a different *session*. Meaning any variable set top level of the console environment will be set *everywhere* inside emacs. For this reason I think that it doesn't make any sense to worry about session support for emacs-lisp. *** Further thoughts on 'scripting' vs. functional approaches These are just thoughts, I don't know how sure I am about this. And again, perhaps I'm not saying anything very radical, just that it would be nice to have some options supporting things like receiving text output in the org buffer. I can see that you've already gone some way down the road towards the 'last value' approach, so sorry if my comments come rather late. I am concerned that we are not giving sufficient attention to stdout / the text that is returned by the interpreters. In contrast, many of our potential users will be accustomed to a 'scripting' approach, where they are outputting text at various points in the code block, not just at the end. I am leaning towards thinking that we should have 2 modes of evaluation: 'script' mode, and 'functional' mode. In script mode, evaluation of a code block would result in *all* text output from that code block appearing as output in the org buffer, presumably as an #+begin_example...#+end_example. There could be an :echo option controlling whether the input commands also appear in the output. [This is like Sweave]. In functional mode, the *result* of the code block is available as an elisp object, and may appear in the org buffer as an org table/string, via the mechanisms you have developed already. One thing I'm wondering about is whether, in script mode, there simply should not be a return value. Perhaps this is not so different from what exists: script mode would be new, and what exists currently would be functional mode. I think it's likely that, while code evaluation will be exciting to people, a large majority of our users in a large majority of their usage will not attempt to actually use the return value from a source code block in any meaningful way. In that case, it seems rather restrictive to only allow them to see output from the end of the code block. Instead I think the most accessible way to introduce org-babel to people, at least while they are learning it, is as an immensely powerful environment in which to embed their 'scripts', which now also allows them to 'run' their 'scripts'. Especially as such people are likely to be the least capable of the user-base, a possible design-rule would be to make the scripting style of usage easy (default?), perhaps requiring a special option to enable a functional style. Those who will use the functional style won't have a problem understanding what's going on, whereas the 'skript kiddies' might not even know the syntax for defining a function in their language of choice. And of course we can allow the user to set a variable in their .emacs controlling the preference, so that functional users are not inconveniennced by having to provide header args the whole time. Please don't get the impression that I am down-valuing the functional style of org-babel. I am constantly horrified at the messy 'scripts' that my colleagues produce in perl or R or whatever! Nevertheless that seems to be how a lot of people work. I think you were leaning towards the last-value approach because it offered the possibility of unified code supporting both the single evaluation environment and the functional style. If you agree with any of the above then perhaps it will impact upon this and mean that the code in the two branches has to differ a bit. In that case, functional mode could perhaps after all evaluate each code block in its own environment, thus (re)approaching 'true' functional programming (side-effects are hard to achieve). #+begin_src sh ls > files echo "There are `wc -l files` files in this directory" #+end_src *** even more thoughts on evaluation, results, models and options Thanks Dan, These comments are invaluable. What do you think about this as a new list of priorities/requirements for the execution of source-code blocks. - Sessions 1) we want the evaluation of the source code block to take place in a session which can persist state (variables, current directory, etc...). 2) source code blocks can specify their session with a header argument 3) each session should correspond to an Emacs comint buffer so that the user can drop into the session and experiment with live code evaluation. - Results 1) each source-code block generates some form of results which (as we have already implemented) is transfered into emacs-lisp after which it can be inserted into the org-mode buffer, or used by other source-code blocks 2) when the results are translated into emacs-lisp, forced to be interpreted as a scalar (dumping their raw values into the org-mode buffer), as a vector (which is often desirable with R code blocks), or interpreted on the fly (the default option). Note that this is very nearly currently implemented through the [[* DONE results-type header (vector/file)][results-type-header]]. 3) there should be *two* means of collecting results from the execution of a source code block. *Either* the value of the last statement of the source code block, or the collection of all that has been passed to STDOUT during the evaluation. **** header argument or return line (*header argument*) Rather than using a header argument to specify how the return value should be passed back, I'm leaning towards the use of a =#+RETURN= line inside the block. If such a line *is not present* then we default to using STDOUT to collect results, but if such a line *is present* then we use it's value as the results of the block. I think this will allow for the most elegant specification between functional and script execution. This also cleans up some issues of implementation and finding which statement is the last statement. Having given this more thought, I think a header argument is preferable. The =#+return:= line adds new complicating syntax for something that does little more than we would accomplish through the addition of a header argument. The only benefit being that we know where the final statement starts, which is not an issue in those languages which contain 'last value' operators. new header =:results= arguments - script :: explicitly states that we want to use STDOUT to initialize our results - return_last :: stdout is ignored instead the *value* of the final statement in the block is returned - echo :: means echo the contents of the source-code block along with the results (this implies the *script* =:results= argument as well) *** DONE rework evaluation lang-by-lang [4/4] This should include... - functional results working with the comint buffer - results headers - script :: return the output of STDOUT - write a macro which runs the first redirection, executes the body, then runs the second redirection - last :: return the value of the last statement - - sessions in comint buffers **** DONE Ruby [4/4] - [X] functional results working with comint - [X] script results - [X] ensure scalar/vector results args are taken into consideration - [X] ensure callable by other source block #+srcname: ruby-use-last-output #+begin_src ruby :results replace a = 2 b = 4 c = a + b [a, b, c, 78] #+end_src #+resname: ruby-use-last-output | 2 | 4 | 6 | 78 | #+srcname: task-call-use-last-output #+begin_src ruby :var last=ruby-use-last-output :results replace last.flatten.size + 1 #+end_src #+resname: task-call-use-last-output : 5 ***** ruby sessions #+srcname: first-ruby-session-task #+begin_src ruby :session schulte :results silent schulte = 27 #+end_src #+srcname: second-ruby-session-task #+begin_src ruby :session schulte :results silent schulte + 3 #+end_src #+srcname: without-the-right-session #+begin_src ruby :results silent schulte #+end_src **** DONE R [4/4] - [X] functional results working with comint - [X] script results - [X] ensure scalar/vector results args are taken into consideration - [X] ensure callable by other source block To redirect output to a file, you can use the =sink()= command. #+srcname: task_R_B #+begin_src R :results value vector silent a <- 9 b <- 10 b - a a + b #+end_src #+srcname: task-R-use-other-output #+begin_src R :var twoentyseven=task_R_B() :results replace value 83 twoentyseven + 9 #+end_src #+resname: task-R-use-other-output : 28 **** DONE Python [4/4] - [X] functional results working with comint - [X] script results - [X] ensure scalar/vector results args are taken into consideration - [X] ensure callable by other source block #+srcname: task-new-eval-for-python #+begin_src python :results silent output scalar 8 9 10 #+end_src #+srcname: task-use-new-eval #+begin_src python :var tasking=task-new-eval-for-python() :results replace tasking + 2 #+end_src #+resname: task-use-new-eval : 12 **** DONE Shells [4/4] - [X] functional results working with comint - [X] script results - [X] ensure scalar/vector results args are taken into consideration - [X] ensure callable by other source block #+srcname: task-shell-new-evaluation #+begin_src sh :results silent value scalar echo 'eric' date #+end_src #+srcname: task-call-other-shell #+begin_src sh :var other=task-shell-new-evaluation() :results replace scalar echo $other ' is the old date' #+end_src #+resname: task-call-other-shell : $ Fri Jun 12 13:08:37 PDT 2009 is the old date *** DONE implement a *session* header argument [4/4] =:session= header argument to override the default *session* buffer **** DONE ruby #+srcname: task-ruby-named-session #+begin_src ruby :session schulte :results replace schulte = :in_schulte #+end_src #+resname: task-ruby-named-session : :in_schulte #+srcname: another-in-schulte #+begin_src ruby :session schulte schulte #+end_src #+resname: another-in-schulte : :in_schulte : :in_schulte : :in_schulte **** DONE python #+srcname: python-session-task #+begin_src python :session what :results silent what = 98 #+end_src #+srcname: python-get-from-session #+begin_src python :session what :results replace what #+end_src #+resname: python-get-from-session : 98 **** DONE shell #+srcname: task-shell-sessions #+begin_src sh :session what WHAT='patton' #+end_src #+srcname: task-shell-sessions-what #+begin_src sh :session what :results replace echo $WHAT #+end_src #+resname: task-shell-sessions-what : patton **** DONE R #+srcname: task-R-session #+begin_src R :session what :results replace a <- 9 b <- 8 a + b #+end_src #+resname: task-R-session : 17 #+srcname: another-task-R-session #+begin_src R :session what :results replace a + b #+end_src *** DONE function to bring up inferior-process buffer [4/4] This should be callable from inside of a source-code block in an org-mode buffer. It should evaluate the header arguments, then bring up the inf-proc buffer using =pop-to-buffer=. For lack of a better place, lets add this to the `org-metadown-hook' hook. To give this a try, place the cursor on a source block with variables, (optionally git a prefix argument) then hold meta and press down. **** DONE ruby #+srcname: task-ruby-pop-to-session #+begin_src ruby :var num=9 :var another="something else" num.times{|n| puts another} #+end_src **** DONE python #+srcname: task-python-pop-to-session #+begin_src python :var num=9 :var another="something else" another * num #+end_src **** DONE R #+srcname: task-R-pop-to-session #+begin_src R :var a=9 :var b=8 a * b #+end_src **** DONE shell #+srcname: task-shell-pop-sessions #+begin_src sh :var NAME="eric" echo $NAME #+end_src *** DEFERRED function to dump last N lines from inf-proc buffer into the current source block Callable with a prefix argument to specify how many lines should be dumped into the source-code buffer. *** REJECTED comint notes Implementing comint integration in [[file:lisp/org-babel-comint.el][org-babel-comint.el]]. Need to have... - handling of outputs - split raw output from process by prompts - a ring of the outputs, buffer-local, `org-babel-comint-output-ring' - a switch for dumping all outputs to a buffer - inputting commands Lets drop all this language specific stuff, and just use org-babel-comint to split up our outputs, and return either the last value of an execution or the combination of values from the executions. **** comint filter functions : ;; comint-input-filter-functions hook process-in-a-buffer : ;; comint-output-filter-functions hook function modes. : ;; comint-preoutput-filter-functions hook : ;; comint-input-filter function ... #+srcname: obc-filter-ruby #+begin_src ruby :results last 1 2 3 4 5 #+end_src ** DONE Remove protective commas from # comments before evaluating org inserts protective commas in front of ## comments in language modes that use them. We need to remove them prior to sending code to the interpreter. #+srcname: testing-removal-of-protective-comas #+begin_src ruby ,# this one might break it?? :comma_protection #+end_src ** DONE pass multiple reference arguments into R Can we do this? I wasn't sure how to supply multiple 'var' header args. Just delete this if I'm being dense. This should be working, see the following example... #+srcname: two-arg-example #+begin_src R :var n=2 :var m=8 n + m #+end_src #+resname: two-arg-example : 10 ** DONE ensure that table ranges work when a table range is passed to org-babel as an argument, it should be interpreted as a vector. | 1 | 2 | simple | | 2 | 3 | Fixnum:1 | | 3 | 4 | Array:123456 | | 4 | 5 | | | 5 | 6 | | | 6 | 7 | | #+TBLFM: @1$3='(sbe simple-sbe-example (n 4))::@2$3='(sbe task-table-range (n @1$1..@6$1))::@3$3='(sbe task-table-range (n (@1$1..@6$1))) #+srcname: simple-sbe-example #+begin_src emacs-lisp "simple" #+end_src #+srcname: task-table-range #+begin_src ruby :var n=simple-sbe-example "#{n.class}:#{n}" #+end_src #+srcname: simple-results #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var n=task-table-range(n=(1 2 3)) n #+end_src #+resname: simple-results : Array:123 #+srcname: task-arr-referent #+begin_src ruby :var ar=(1 2 3) ar.size #+end_src #+resname: task-arr-referent : 3 ** DONE global variable indicating default to vector output how about an alist... =org-babel-default-header-args= this may already exist... just execute the following and all source blocks will default to vector output #+begin_src emacs-lisp (setq org-babel-default-header-args '((:results . "vector"))) #+end_src ** DONE name named results if source block is named currently this isn't happening although it should be #+srcname: test-naming-named-source-blocks #+begin_src emacs-lisp :namer #+end_src #+resname: test-naming-named-source-blocks : :namer ** DONE (simple caching) check for named results before source blocks see the TODO comment in [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::TODO%20This%20should%20explicitly%20look%20for%20resname%20lines%20before][org-babel-ref.el#org-babel-ref-resolve-reference]] ** DONE set =:results silent= when eval with prefix argument #+begin_src emacs-lisp 'silentp #+end_src ** DONE results-type header (vector/file) [3/3] In response to a point in Dan's email. We should allow the user to force scalar or vector results. This could be done with a header argument, and the default behavior could be controlled through a configuration variable. #+srcname: task-trivial-vector #+begin_src ruby :results replace vector :scalar #+end_src #+resname: | ":scalar" | since it doesn't make sense to turn a vector into a scalar, lets just add a two values... - vector :: forces the results to be a vector (potentially 1 dimensional) - file :: this throws an error if the result isn't a string, and tries to treat it as a path to a file. I'm just going to cram all of these into the =:results= header argument. Then if we allow multiple header arguments it should work out, for example one possible header argument string could be =:results replace vector file=, which would *replace* any existing results forcing the results into an org-mode table, and interpreting any strings as file paths. *** DONE multiple =:results= headers #+srcname: multiple-result-headers #+begin_src ruby :results replace silent :schulte #+end_src #+resname: *** DONE file result types When inserting into an org-mode buffer create a link with the path being the value, and optionally the display being the =file-name-nondirectory= if it exists. #+srcname: task-file-result #+begin_src python :results replace file "something" #+end_src #+resname: [[something][something]] This will be useful because blocks like =ditaa= and =dot= can return the string path of their files, and can add =file= to their results header. *** DONE vector result types #+srcname: task-force-results #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results vector 8 #+end_src #+resname: | 8 | ** DONE results name In order to do this we will need to start naming our results. Since the source blocks are named with =#+srcname:= lines we can name results with =#+resname:= lines (if the source block has no name then no name is given to the =#+resname:= line on creation, otherwise the name of the source block is used). This will have the additional benefit of allowing results and source blocks to be located in different places in a buffer (and eventually in different buffers entirely). #+srcname: developing-resnames #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent 'schulte #+end_src Once source blocks are able to find their own =#+resname:= lines we then need to... #+srcname: sbe-w-new-results #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results replace (sbe "developing-resnames") #+end_src #+resname: : schulte *** TODO change the results insertion functions to use these lines *** TODO teach references to resolve =#+resname= lines. ** DONE org-babel tests org-babel [1/1] since we are accumulating this nice collection of source-code blocks in the sandbox section we should make use of them as unit tests. What's more, we should be able to actually use org-babel to run these tests. We would just need to cycle over every source code block under the sandbox, run it, and assert that the return value is equal to what we expect. I have the feeling that this should be possible using only org-babel functions with minimal or no additional elisp. It would be very cool for org-babel to be able to test itself. This is now done, see [[* Tests]]. *** DEFERRED org-babel assertions (may not be necessary) These could be used to make assertions about the results of a source-code block. If the assertion fails then the point could be moved to the block, and error messages and highlighting etc... could ensue ** DONE make C-c C-c work anywhere within source code block? This seems like it would be nice to me, but perhaps it would be inefficient or ugly in implementation? I suppose you could search forward, and if you find #+end_src before you find #+begin_src, then you're inside one. [DED] Agreed, I think inside of the =#+srcname: line= would be useful as well. #+srcname: testing-out-cc #+begin_src emacs-lisp 'schulte #+end_src ** DONE integration with org tables We should make it easy to call org-babel source blocks from org-mode table formulas. This is practical now that it is possible to pass arguments to org-babel source blocks. See the related [[* (sandbox) integration w/org tables][sandbox]] header for tests/examples. *** digging in org-table.el In the past [[file:~/src/org/lisp/org-table.el::org%20table%20el%20The%20table%20editor%20for%20Org%20mode][org-table.el]] has proven difficult to work with. Should be a hook in [[file:~/src/org/lisp/org-table.el::defun%20org%20table%20eval%20formula%20optional%20arg%20equation][org-table-eval-formula]]. Looks like I need to change this [[file:~/src/org/lisp/org-table.el::if%20lispp][if statement]] (line 2239) into a cond expression. ** DONE source blocks as functions Allow source code blocks to be called like functions, with arguments specified. We are already able to call a source-code block and assign it's return result to a variable. This would just add the ability to specify the values of the arguments to the source code block assuming any exist. For an example see When a variable appears in a header argument, how do we differentiate between it's value being a reference or a literal value? I guess this could work just like a programming language. If it's escaped or in quotes, then we count it as a literal, otherwise we try to look it up and evaluate it. ** DONE folding of code blocks? [2/2] [DED] In similar way to using outline-minor-mode for folding function bodies, can we fold code blocks? #+begin whatever statements are pretty ugly, and in any case when you're thinking about the overall game plan you don't necessarily want to see the code for each Step. *** DONE folding of source code block Sounds good, and wasn't too hard to implement. Code blocks should now be fold-able in the same manner as headlines (by pressing TAB on the first line). *** REJECTED folding of results So, lets do a three-stage tab cycle... First fold the src block, then fold the results, then unfold. There's no way to tell if the results are a table or not w/o actually executing the block which would be too expensive of an operation. ** DONE selective export of text, code, figures [DED] The org-babel buffer contains everything (code, headings and notes/prose describing what you're up to, textual/numeric/graphical code output, etc). However on export to html / LaTeX one might want to include only a subset of that content. For example you might want to create a presentation of what you've done which omits the code. [EMS] So I think this should be implemented as a property which can be set globally or on the outline header level (I need to review the mechanics of org-mode properties). And then as a source block header argument which will apply only to a specific source code block. A header argument of =:export= with values of - =code= :: just show the code in the source code block - =none= :: don't show the code or the results of the evaluation - =results= :: just show the results of the code evaluation (don't show the actual code) - =both= :: show both the source code, and the results this will be done in [[* (sandbox) selective export][(sandbox) selective export]]. ** DONE a header argument specifying silent evaluation (no output) This would be useful across all types of source block. Currently there is a =:replace t= option to control output, this could be generalized to an =:output= option which could take the following options (maybe more) - =t= :: this would be the default, and would simply insert the results after the source block - =replace= :: to replace any results which may already be there - =silent= :: this would inhibit any insertion of the results This is now implemented see the example in the [[* silent evaluation][sandbox]] ** DONE assign variables from tables in R This is now working (see [[* (sandbox table) R][(sandbox-table)-R]]). Although it's not that impressive until we are able to print table results from R. ** DONE insert 2-D R results as tables everything is working but R and shell *** DONE shells *** DONE R This has already been tackled by Dan in [[file:existing_tools/org-R.el::defconst%20org%20R%20write%20org%20table%20def][org-R:check-dimensions]]. The functions there should be useful in combination with [[http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-data.html#Export-to-text-files][R-export-to-csv]] as a means of converting multidimensional R objects to emacs lisp. It may be as simple as first checking if the data is multidimensional, and then, if so using =write= to write the data out to a temporary file from which emacs can read the data in using =org-table-import=. Looking into this further, is seems that there is no such thing as a scalar in R [[http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/help/03a/3733.html][R-scalar-vs-vector]] In that light I am not sure how to deal with trivial vectors (scalars) in R. I'm tempted to just treat them as vectors, but then that would lead to a proliferation of trivial 1-cell tables... ** DONE allow variable initialization from source blocks Currently it is possible to initialize a variable from an org-mode table with a block argument like =table=sandbox= (note that the variable doesn't have to named =table=) as in the following example #+TBLNAME: sandbox | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | schulte | 6 | #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var table=sandbox :results replace (message (format "table = %S" table)) #+end_src : "table = ((1 2 3) (4 \"schulte\" 6))" It would be good to allow initialization of variables from the results of other source blocks in the same manner. This would probably require the addition of =#+SRCNAME: example= lines for the naming of source blocks, also the =table=sandbox= syntax may have to be expanded to specify whether the target is a source code block or a table (alternately we could just match the first one with the given name whether it's a table or a source code block). At least initially I'll try to implement this so that there is no need to specify whether the reference is to a table or a source-code block. That seems to be simpler both in terms of use and implementation. This is now working for emacs-lisp, ruby and python (and mixtures of the three) source blocks. See the examples in the [[* (sandbox) referencing other source blocks][sandbox]]. This is currently working only with emacs lisp as in the following example in the [[* emacs lisp source reference][emacs lisp source reference]]. ** TODO Add languages [12/16] I'm sure there are many more that aren't listed here. Please add them, and bubble any that you particularly care about up to the top. Any new language should be implemented in a org-babel-lang.el file. Follow the pattern set by [[file:lisp/org-babel-script.el][org-babel-script.el]], [[file:lisp/org-babel-shell.el][org-babel-shell.el]] and [[file:lisp/org-babel-R.el][org-babel-R.el]]. *** DONE Haskell #+begin_src haskell "hello Haskell" #+end_src #+resname: : hello Haskell #+begin_src haskell let fac n = if n == 0 then 1 else n * fac (n - 1) fac 4 #+end_src #+resname: : 24 #+begin_src haskell [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] #+end_src #+resname: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | *** STARTED ocaml [2/3] - [X] Working for the simple case (no arguments, simple output) - [X] correct handling of vector/list output - [ ] ability to import arguments #+begin_src ocaml let rec fib x = match x with | 0 -> 1 | 1 -> 1 | n -> fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2) in fib 12 #+end_src #+resname: : 233 #+begin_src ocaml "string" #+end_src #+resname: : "string" #+begin_src ocaml [1; 2; 3; 4] #+end_src #+resname: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | #+begin_src ocaml [|"ocaml"; "array"|] #+end_src #+resname: | "ocaml" | "array" | *** TODO perl This could probably be added to [[file:lisp/org-babel-script.el][org-babel-script.el]] *** TODO java *** STARTED SQL Things left to do - support for sessions - add more useful header arguments (user, passwd, database, etc...) - support for more engines (currently only supports mysql) - what's a reasonable way to drop table data into SQL? #+srcname: sql-example #+begin_src sql :engine mysql show databases #+end_src #+resname: | "Database" | | "information_schema" | | "test" | *** DONE SASS Sass is a very nice extension of CSS, which is much nicer to read and write (see [[http://sass-lang.com/][sass-lang]]). #+srcname: sass-example #+begin_src sass :file stylesheet.css :results file #me position: absolute top: 1em left: 1em .head text-align: center #+end_src #+resname: [[file:stylesheet.css][stylesheet.css]] *** DONE CSS trivial [[file:lisp/langs/org-babel-css.el][org-babel-css.el]] *** DONE ditaa (see [[* file result types][file result types]]) #+srcname: implementing-ditaa #+begin_src ditaa :results replace :file blue.png :cmdline -r +---------+ | cBLU | | | | +----+ | |cPNK| | | | +----+----+ #+end_src #+resname: implementing-ditaa [[file:blue.png][blue.png]] *** DONE gnuplot [7/7] (see [[* file result types][file result types]]) #+PLOT: title:"Citas" ind:1 deps:(3) type:2d with:histograms set:"yrange [0:]" #+TBLNAME: gnuplot-data | independent var | first dependent var | second dependent var | |-----------------+---------------------+----------------------| | 0.1 | 0.425 | 0.375 | | 0.2 | 0.3125 | 0.3375 | | 0.3 | 0.24999993 | 0.28333338 | | 0.4 | 0.275 | 0.28125 | | 0.5 | 0.26 | 0.27 | | 0.6 | 0.25833338 | 0.24999993 | | 0.7 | 0.24642845 | 0.23928553 | | 0.8 | 0.23125 | 0.2375 | | 0.9 | 0.23333323 | 0.2333332 | | 1 | 0.2225 | 0.22 | | 1.1 | 0.20909075 | 0.22272708 | | 1.2 | 0.19999998 | 0.21458333 | | 1.3 | 0.19615368 | 0.21730748 | #+srcname: implementing-gnuplot #+begin_src gnuplot :var data=gnuplot-data :results silent set title "Implementing Gnuplot" plot data using 1:2 with lines #+end_src **** DONE add variables gnuplot 4.2 and up support user defined variables. This is how we will handle variables with org-babel (meaning we will need to require gnuplot 4.2 and up for variable support, which can be install using [[http://www.macports.org/install.php][macports]] on Mac OSX). - scalar variables should be replaced in the body of the gnuplot code - vector variables should be exported to tab-separated files, and the variable names should be replaced with the path to the files **** DONE direct plotting w/o session **** DEFERRED gnuplot support for column/row names This should be implemented along the lines of the [[* STARTED Column (and row) names of tables in R input/output][R-colname-support]]. We can do something similar to the :labels param in org-plot, we just have to be careful to ensure that each label is aligned with the related data file. This may be walking too close to an entirely prebuilt plotting tool rather than straight gnuplot code evaluation. For now I think this can wait. **** DONE a =file= header argument to specify a file holding the results #+srcname: gnuplot-to-file-implementation #+begin_src gnuplot :file plot.png :var data=gnuplot-data plot data using 1:2, data using 1:3 with lines #+end_src #+resname: [[file:plot.png][plot.png]] **** DONE helpers from org-plot.el There are a variety of helpers in org-plot which can be fit nicely into custom gnuplot header arguments. These should all be in place by now. **** DEFERRED header argument specifying 3D data #+tblname: org-grid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | #+srcname: implementing-gnuplot-grid-plots #+begin_src gnuplot :vars data=org-grid #+end_src **** DONE gnuplot sessions Working on this, we won't support multiple sessions as `gnuplot-mode' isn't setup for such things. Also we can't display results with the default :none session, so for gnuplot we really want the default behavior to be :default, and to only run a :none session when explicitly specified. #+srcname: implementing-gnuplot-sessions #+begin_src gnuplot :var data=gnuplot-data :session none :file session.png set title "Implementing Gnuplot Sessions" plot data using 1:2 with lines #+end_src #+resname: [[file:session.png][session.png]] *** DONE dot (see [[* file result types][file result types]]) #+srcname: implementing-dot-support #+begin_src dot :file test-dot.png :cmdline -Tpng digraph data_relationships { "data_requirement" [shape=Mrecord, label="{DataRequirement|description\lformat\l}"] "data_product" [shape=Mrecord, label="{DataProduct|name\lversion\lpoc\lformat\l}"] "data_requirement" -> "data_product" } #+end_src #+resname: [[file:test-dot.png][test-dot.png]] *** DONE asymptote (see [[* file result types][file result types]]) for information on asymptote see http://asymptote.sourceforge.net #+begin_src asymptote :file asymptote-test.png import graph; size(0,4cm); real f(real t) {return 1+cos(t);} path g=polargraph(f,0,2pi,operator ..)--cycle; filldraw(g,pink); xaxis("$x$",above=true); yaxis("$y$",above=true); dot("$(a,0)$",(1,0),N); dot("$(2a,0)$",(2,0),N+E); #+end_src #+resname: [[file:asymptote-test.png][asymptote-test.png]] *** DONE ruby *** DONE python *** DONE R *** DONE emacs-lisp *** DONE sh * Bugs [39/43] ** DONE stripping indentation from source-code blocks This is a problem in [[file:lisp/org-babel-exp.el][org-babel-exp.el]]. ** DONE failing to write srcname to resname when evaluating a named block #+srcname: please-name-my-result #+begin_src emacs-lisp "I'm the result" #+end_src #+resname: please-name-my-result : I'm the result ** DONE Python session evaluation bug The following block evaluates correctly with :session none (set :results to output), but fails with session-based evaluation (with :results value, as below, you see the error message) I edebug'ed it and it seems fine until [[file:lisp/langs/org-babel-python.el::comint%20session%20evaluation%20org%20babel%20comint%20in%20buffer%20buffer%20let%20full%20body][we go to comint]]. #+begin_src python :session pysession :results value import os from subprocess import * chunk = 10000 format = '.gen.gz' cc = [('58C','NBS'), ('58C','POBI'), ('NBS','POBI')] for outdir in ['none', 'noscots', 'lax', 'strict']: outdir = os.path.join('exclusion-study', outdir) for case, control in cc: outfile = os.path.join(outdir, '%s-vs-%s-direct' % (case, control)) cmd = 'snptest %s -frequentist 1 -hwe ' % ('-gen_gz' if format == '.gen.gz' else '') cmd += '-cases %s %s ' % (case + format, case + '.sample') cmd += '-controls %s %s ' % (control + format, control + '.sample') cmd += '-exclude_samples %s ' % os.path.join(outdir, 'exclusions') cmd += '-o %s ' % outfile cmd += '-chunk %d ' % chunk cmd += '> %s' % outfile + '.log' # os.system(cmd) print(cmd) #+end_src #+resname: #+begin_example snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/none/exclusions -o exclusion-study/none/58C-vs-NBS-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/none/58C-vs-NBS-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/none/exclusions -o exclusion-study/none/58C-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/none/58C-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/none/exclusions -o exclusion-study/none/NBS-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/none/NBS-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/noscots/exclusions -o exclusion-study/noscots/58C-vs-NBS-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/noscots/58C-vs-NBS-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/noscots/exclusions -o exclusion-study/noscots/58C-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/noscots/58C-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/noscots/exclusions -o exclusion-study/noscots/NBS-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/noscots/NBS-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/lax/exclusions -o exclusion-study/lax/58C-vs-NBS-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/lax/58C-vs-NBS-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/lax/exclusions -o exclusion-study/lax/58C-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/lax/58C-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/lax/exclusions -o exclusion-study/lax/NBS-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/lax/NBS-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/strict/exclusions -o exclusion-study/strict/58C-vs-NBS-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/strict/58C-vs-NBS-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases 58C.gen.gz 58C.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/strict/exclusions -o exclusion-study/strict/58C-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/strict/58C-vs-POBI-direct.log snptest -gen_gz -frequentist 1 -hwe -cases NBS.gen.gz NBS.sample -controls POBI.gen.gz POBI.sample -exclude_samples exclusion-study/strict/exclusions -o exclusion-study/strict/NBS-vs-POBI-direct -chunk 10000 > exclusion-study/strict/NBS-vs-POBI-direct.log #+end_example ** DONE require users to explicitly turn on each language As we continue to add more languages to org-babel, many of which will require new major-modes we need to re-think how languages are added to org-babel. Currently we are requiring all available languages in the [[file:lisp/org-babel-init.el][org-babel-init.el]] file. I think we need to change this to a user setting so that only the language which have their requirements met (in terms of system executables and emacs major modes) are loaded. It is one more step for install, but it seems to me to be the only solution. Thoughts? *** proposed we add something like the following to the instillation instructions #+begin_src emacs-lisp ;; Uncomment each of the following require lines if you want org-babel ;; to support that language. Each language has a comment explaining ;; it's dependencies. See the related files in lisp/langs for more ;; detailed explanations of requirements. ;; ;; (require 'org-babel-R) ;; ess-mode ;; (require 'org-babel-asymptote) ;; asymptote be installed on your system ;; (require 'org-babel-css) ;; none ;; (require 'org-babel-ditaa) ;; ditaa be installed on your system ;; (require 'org-babel-dot) ;; dot be installed on your system ;; (require 'org-babel-gnuplot) ;; gnuplot-mode ;; (require 'org-babel-python) ;; python-mode ;; (require 'org-babel-ruby) ;; inf-ruby mode, ruby and irb must be installed on your system ;; (require 'org-babel-sql) ;; none #+end_src note that =org-babel-sh=, =org-babel-emacs-lisp= are not included in the list as they can safely be assumed to work on any system. *** impetus we should come up with a way to gracefully degrade when support for a specific language is missing > To demonstrate creation of documents, open the "test-export.org" file in > the base of the org-babel directory, and export it as you would any > other org-mode file. The "exports" header argument controls how > source-code blocks are exported, with the following options > > - none :: no part of the source-code block is exported in the document > - results :: only the output of the evaluated block is exported > - code :: the code itself is exported > - both :: both the code and results are exported I have this error showing up: executing Ruby source code block apply: Searching for program: no such file or directory, irb ** DONE problem with newlines in output when :results value #+begin_src python :results value '\n'.join(map(str, range(4))) #+end_src #+resname: : 0 : 1 : 2 : 3 Whereas I was hoping for | 0 | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | *Note*: to generate the above you can try using the new =raw= results header. #+begin_src python :results value raw '|'+'|\n|'.join(map(str, range(4)))+'|' #+end_src #+resname: | 0 | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | This is now working, it doesn't return as a table because the value returned is technically a string. To return the table mentioned above try something like the following. #+begin_src python [[0], [1], [2], [3]] #+end_src #+resname: | 0 | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | This is some sort of non-printing char / quoting issue I think. Note that #+begin_src python :results value '\\n'.join(map(str, range(4))) #+end_src #+resname: : 0\n1\n2\n3 Also, note that #+begin_src python :results output print('\n'.join(map(str, range(4)))) #+end_src #+resname: : 0 : 1 : 2 : 3 *** collapsing consecutive newlines in string output This is an example of the same bug #+srcname: multi-line-string-output #+begin_src ruby :results output "the first line ends here and this is the second one even a third" #+end_src This doesn't produce anything at all now. I believe that's because I've changed things so that :results output really does *not* get the value of the block, only the STDOUT. So if we add a print statement this works OK. #+srcname: multi-line-string-output #+begin_src ruby :results output print "the first line ends here and this is the second one even a third" #+end_src #+resname: : the first line ends here : : : and this is the second one : : even a third However, the behaviour with :results value is wrong #+srcname: multi-line-string-value #+begin_src ruby "the first line ends here and this is the second one even a third" #+end_src #+resname: : 0 ** TODO prompt characters appearing in output with R #+begin_src R :session *R* :results output x <- 6 y <- 8 3 #+end_src #+resname: : > [1] 3 ** TODO o-b-execute-subtree overwrites heading when subtree is folded *** Example Try M-x org-babel-execute-subtree with the subtree folded and point at the beginning of the heading line. #+begin_src sh size=5 #+end_src ** DONE non-orgtbl formatted lists for example #+srcname: this-doesn't-match-orgtbl #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results replace '((:results . "replace")) #+end_src #+resname: | (:results . "replace") | #+srcname: this-probably-also-wont-work #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results replace '(eric schulte) #+end_src #+resname: | eric | schulte | ** PROPOSED allow un-named arguments #+srcname: f(x) #+begin_src python x #+end_src #+lob: f(5) ## produces no output It's not essential but would be nice for this to work. To do it properly, would mean that we'd have to specify rules for how a string of supplied arguments (some possibly named) interact with the arguments in the definition (some possibly with defaults) to give values to the variables in the funbction body. ** PROPOSED external shell execution can't isolate return values I have no idea how to do this as of yet. The result is that when shell functions are run w/o a session there is no difference between the =output= and =value= result arguments. Yea, I don't know how to do this either. I searched extensively on how to isolate the *last* output of a series of shell commands (see [[* last command for shells][last command for shells]]). The results of the search were basically that it was not possible (or at least not accomplish-able with a reasonable amount of effort). That fact combined with the tenancy to all ways use standard out in shell scripts led me to treat these two options (=output= and =value=) as identical in shell evaluation. Not ideal but maybe good enough for the moment. In the `results' branch I've changed this so that they're not quite identical: output results in raw stdout contents, whereas value converts it to elisp, perhaps to a table if it looks tabular. This is the same for the other languages. [Dan] ** DONE adding blank line when source-block produces no output #+srcname: show-org-babel-trim #+begin_src sh find . \( -path \*/SCCS -o -path \*/RCS -o -path \*/CVS -o -path \*/MCVS -o -path \*/.svn -o -path \*/.git -o -path \*/.hg -o -path \*/.bzr -o -path \*/_MTN -o -path \*/_darcs -o -path \*/\{arch\} \) -prune -o -type f \( -iname \*.el \) -exec grep -i -nH -e org-babel-trim {} \; #+end_src ** DONE Allow source blocks to be recognised when #+ are not first characters on the line I think Carsten has recently altered the core so that #+ can have preceding whitespace, at least for literal/code examples. org-babel should support this. #+srcname: testing-indentation #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (message "i'm indented") #+end_src #+srcname: testing-non-indentation #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (message "I'm not indented") #+end_src #+srcname: i-resolve-references-to-the-indented #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var speech=testing-indentation :results silent (message "I said %s" speech) #+end_src ** DONE are the org-babel-trim s necessary? at the end of e.g. org-babel-R-evaluate, org-babel-python-evaluate, but not org-babel-ruby-evaluate I think it depends on the language, if we find that extra blank lines are being inserted in a particular language that is a good indication that the trim or chomp functions may be appropriate. org-babel-trim and the related org-babel-chomp are use throughout org-babel... #+srcname: show-org-babel-trim-usage #+begin_src sh :results output find lisp/ \( -path \*/SCCS -o -path \*/RCS -o -path \*/CVS -o -path \*/MCVS -o -path \*/.svn -o -path \*/.git -o -path \*/.hg -o -path \*/.bzr -o -path \*/_MTN -o -path \*/_darcs -o -path \*/\{arch\} \) -prune -o -type f \( -iname \*.el \) -exec grep -i -nH org-babel-trim {} \; #+end_src #+resname: #+begin_example lisp//langs/org-babel-python.el:49: vars "\n") "\n" (org-babel-trim body) "\n")) ;; then the source block body lisp//langs/org-babel-python.el:143: (org-remove-indentation (org-babel-trim body)) "[\r\n]"))) lisp//langs/org-babel-python.el:158: #'org-babel-trim lisp//langs/org-babel-python.el:166: (reverse (mapcar #'org-babel-trim raw))))))) lisp//langs/org-babel-python.el:169: (output (org-babel-trim (mapconcat #'identity (reverse (cdr results)) "\n"))) lisp//langs/org-babel-python.el:170: (value (org-babel-python-table-or-string (org-babel-trim (car results))))))))) lisp//langs/org-babel-ruby.el:149: (mapcar #'org-babel-trim raw))))))) lisp//langs/org-babel-sh.el:148: (mapcar #'org-babel-trim raw))))))) lisp//langs/org-babel-sh.el:151: (output (org-babel-trim (mapconcat #'org-babel-trim (reverse results) "\n"))) lisp//org-babel-ref.el:161: (mapcar #'org-babel-trim (reverse (cons buffer return))))) lisp//org-babel.el:198: (with-temp-buffer (insert (org-babel-trim body)) (copy-region-as-kill (point-min) (point-max))) lisp//org-babel.el:465: (org-babel-trim lisp//org-babel.el:706:(defun org-babel-trim (string &optional regexp) #+end_example #+srcname: show-org-babel-chomp-usage #+begin_src sh :results output find lisp/ \( -path \*/SCCS -o -path \*/RCS -o -path \*/CVS -o -path \*/MCVS -o -path \*/.svn -o -path \*/.git -o -path \*/.hg -o -path \*/.bzr -o -path \*/_MTN -o -path \*/_darcs -o -path \*/\{arch\} \) -prune -o -type f \( -iname \*.el \) -exec grep -i -nH org-babel-chomp {} \; #+end_src #+resname: #+begin_example lisp//langs/org-babel-R.el:122: (full-body (mapconcat #'org-babel-chomp lisp//langs/org-babel-R.el:143: (delete nil (mapcar #'extractor (mapcar #'org-babel-chomp raw))) "\n")))))))) lisp//langs/org-babel-ruby.el:143: #'org-babel-chomp lisp//langs/org-babel-sh.el:142: (full-body (mapconcat #'org-babel-chomp lisp//org-babel-tangle.el:163: (insert (format "\n%s\n" (org-babel-chomp body))) lisp//org-babel.el:362: (org-babel-chomp (match-string 2 arg))) lisp//org-babel.el:698:(defun org-babel-chomp (string &optional regexp) lisp//org-babel.el:707: "Like `org-babel-chomp' only it runs on both the front and back of the string" lisp//org-babel.el:708: (org-babel-chomp (org-babel-reverse-string lisp//org-babel.el:709: (org-babel-chomp (org-babel-reverse-string string) regexp)) regexp)) #+end_example ** DONE LoB is not populated on startup org-babel-library-of-babel is nil for me on startup. I have to evaluate the [[file:lisp/org-babel-lob.el::][org-babel-lob-ingest]] line manually. #+tblname: R-plot-example-data | 1 | 2 | | 2 | 4 | | 3 | 9 | | 4 | 16 | | 5 | 25 | #+lob: R-plot(data=R-plot-example-data) I've added a section to [[file:lisp/org-babel-init.el][org-babel-init.el]] which will load the library of babel on startup. Note that this needs to be done in [[file:lisp/org-babel-init.el][org-babel-init.el]] rather than in [[file:lisp/org-babel-lob.el][org-babel-lob.el]], not entirely sure why, something about it being required directly? Also, I'm now having the file closed if it wasn't being visited by a buffer before being loaded. ** DONE use new merge function [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::t%20nil%20org%20combine%20plists%20args%20nil][here]]? And at other occurrences of org-combine-plists? ** DONE creeping blank lines There's still inappropriate addition of blank lines in some circumstances. Hmm, it's a bit confusing. It's to do with o-b-remove-result. LoB removes the entire (#+resname and result) and starts from scratch, whereas #+begin_src only removes the result. I haven't worked out what the correct fix is yet. Maybe the right thing to do is to make sure that those functions (o-b-remove-result et al.) are neutral with respect to newlines. Sounds easy, but... E.g. #+begin_src sh b=5 #+end_src Compare the results of #+lob: adder(a=5, b=17) #+resname: python-add(a=5, b=17) : 22 -------------------------------- #+begin_src python 23 #+end_src #+resname: : 23 --------------------- ** DONE #+srcname arg parsing bug #+srcname: test-zz(arg=adder(a=1, b=1)) #+begin_src python arg #+end_src #+resname: test-zz : 2 #+srcname: test-zz-nasty(arg=adder(a=adder(a=19,b=adder(a=5,b=2)),b=adder(a=adder(a=1,b=9),b=adder(a=1,b=3)))) #+begin_src python arg #+end_src #+resname: test-zz-nasty : 40 #+srcname: test-zz-hdr-arg #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=19,b=adder(a=5,b=2)),b=adder(a=adder(a=1,b=9),b=adder(a=1,b=3))) arg #+end_src #+resname: : 40 ** DONE Fix nested evaluation and default args The current parser / evaluator fails with greater levels of nested function block calls (example below). *** Initial statement [ded] If we want to overcome this I think we'd have to redesign some of the evaluation mechanism. Seeing as we are also facing issues like dealing with default argument values, and seeing as we now know how we want the library of babel to behave in addition to the source blocks, now might be a good time to think about this. It would be nice to do the full thing at some point, but otoh we may not consider it a massive priority. AIui, there are two stages: (i) construct a parse tree, and (ii) evaluate it and return the value at the root. In the parse tree each node represents an unevaluated value (either a literal value or a reference). Node v may have descendent nodes, which represent values upon which node v's evaluation depends. Once that tree is constructed, then we evaluate the nodes from the tips towards the root (a post-order traversal). [This would also provide a solution for concatenating the STDOUTs of called blocks, which is a [[*allow%20output%20mode%20to%20return%20stdout%20as%20value][task below]]; we concatenate them in whatever order the traversal is done in.] In addition to the variable references (i.e. daughter nodes), each node would contain the information needed to evaluate that node (e.g. lang body). Then we would pass a function postorder over the tree which would call o-b-execute-src-block at each node, finally returning the value at the root. Fwiw I made a very tentative small start at stubbing this out in org-babel-call.el in the 'evaluation' branch. And I've made a start at sketching a parsing algorithm below. **** Parse tree algorithm Seeing as we're just trying to parse a string like f(a=1,b=g(c=2,d=3)) it shouldn't be too hard. But of course there are 'proper' parsers written in elisp out there, e.g. [[http://cedet.sourceforge.net/semantic.shtml][Semantic]]. Perhaps we can find what we need -- our syntax is pretty much the same as python and R isn't it? Or, a complete hack, but maybe it would be we easy to transform it to XML and then parse that with some existing tool? But if we're doing it ourselves, something very vaguely like this? (I'm sure there're lots of problems with this) #+srcname: org-babel-call-parse(call) #+begin_src python ## we are currently reading a reference name: the name of the root function whereami = "refname" node = root = Node() for c in call_string: if c == '(': varnum = 0 whereami = "varname" # now we're reading a variable name if c == '=': new = Node() node.daughters = [node.daughters, new] new.parent = node node = new whereami = "refname" if c == ',': whereami = "varname" varnum += 1 elif c == ')': node = node.parent elif c == ' ': pass else: if whereami = "varname": node.varnames[varnum] += c elif whereami = "refname": node.name += c #+end_src *** discussion / investigation I believe that this issue should be addressed as a bug rather than as a point for new development. The code in [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el][org-babel-ref.el]] already resolves variable references in a recursive manner which *should* work in the same manner regardless of the depth of the number of nested function calls. This recursive evaluation has the effect of implicitly constructing the parse tree that your are thinking of constructing explicitly. Through using some of the commented out debugging statements in [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el][org-babel-ref.el]] I have looked at what may be going wrong in the current evaluation setup, and it seems that nested variables are being set using the =:var= header argument, and these variables are being overridden by the *default* variables which are being entered through the new functional syntax (see the demonstration header below). I believe that once this bug is fixed we should be back to fully resolution of nested arguments. We should capture this functionality in a test to ensure that we continue to test it as we move forward. I can take a look at implementing this once I get a chance. Looks like the problem may be in [[file:lisp/org-babel.el::defun%20org%20babel%20merge%20params%20rest%20plists][org-babel-merge-params]], which seems to be trampling the provided :vars values. Nope, now it seems that we are actually looking up the results line, rather than the actual source-code block, which would make sense given that the results-line will return the same value regardless of the arguments supplied. See the output of this [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::message%20type%20S%20type%20debugging][debug-statement]]. We need to be sure that we don't read from a =#+resname:= line when we have a non-nil set of arguments. **** demonstration After uncommenting the debugging statements located [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::message%20format%20first%20second%20S%20S%20new%20refere%20new%20referent%20debugging][here]] and more importantly [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::message%20nested%20args%20S%20args%20debugging][here]], we can see that the current reference code does evaluate the references correctly, and it uses the =:var= header argument to set =a=8=, however the default variables specified using the functional syntax in =adder(a=3, b=2)= is overriding this specification. ***** doesn't work with functional syntax #+srcname: adder-func(a=3, b=2) #+begin_src python a + b #+end_src #+resname: adder-func : 5 #+srcname: after-adder-func(arg=adder-func(a=8)) #+begin_src python arg #+end_src #+resname: after-adder-func : 5 ***** still does work with =:var= syntax so it looks like regardless of the syntax used we're not overriding the default argument values. #+srcname: adder-header #+begin_src python :var a=3 :var b=2 a + b #+end_src #+resname: adder-header : 5 #+srcname: after-adder-header #+begin_src python :var arg=adder-header(a=8, b=0) arg #+end_src #+resname: after-adder-header : 5 *** Set of test cases **** Both defaults provided in definition #+srcname: adder1(a=10,b=20) #+begin_src python a+b #+end_src #+resname: adder1 : 30 ****** DONE Rely on defaults #+lob: adder1() #+resname: adder1() : 30 ## should be 30 ## OK, but ******* DONE empty parens () not recognised as lob call E.g. remove spaces between parens above updated [[file:lisp/org-babel-lob.el::defvar%20org%20babel%20lob%20one%20liner%20regexp%20lob%20t%20n%20n%20t%20n][org-babel-lob-one-liner-regexp]] ****** DONE One supplied, one default #+lob: adder1(a=0) #+resname: adder1(a=0) : 20 ## should be 20 #+lob: adder1(b=0) #+resname: adder1(b=0) ## should be 10 : 10 ****** DONE Both supplied #+lob: adder1(a=1,b=2) #+resname: adder1(a=1,b=2) : 3 **** One arg lacks default in definition #+srcname: adder2(a=10,b) #+begin_src python a+b #+end_src ****** DEFERRED Rely on defaults (one of which is missing) #+lob: adder2( ) [no output] ## should be error: b has no default Maybe we should let the programming language handle this case. For example python spits out an error in the =#+lob= line above. Maybe rather than catching these errors our-selves we should raise an error when the source-block returns an error. I'll propose a [[* PROPOSED raise elisp error when source-blocks return errors][task]] for this idea, I'm not sure how/if it would work... ****** DEFERRED Default over-ridden #+lob: adder2(a=1) See the above [[* DEFERRED Rely on defaults (one of which is missing)][deferred]] and the new proposed [[* PROPOSED raise elisp error when source-blocks return errors][task]], I think it may be more flexible to allow the source block language to handle the error. [no output ] ## should be error: b has no default ****** DONE Missing default supplied #+lob: adder2(b=1) #+resname: adder2(b=1) : 11 ## should be 11 ## OK ****** DONE One over-ridden, one supplied #+lob: adder2(a=1,b=2) #+resname: adder2(a=1,b=2) : 3 ## should be 3 *** Example that fails #+srcname: adder(a=0, b=99) #+begin_src python a+b #+end_src #+srcname: one() #+begin_src python 1 #+end_src **** nesting #+srcname: level-one-nesting() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=one(),b=one()) arg #+end_src #+resname: level-one-nesting : nil #+srcname: level-one-nesting() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=one(),b=one())) arg #+end_src #+resname: : 12 *** DONE deeply nested arguments still fails #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=one(),b=one())) arg #+end_src #+resname: : 4 **** Used to result in this error : supplied params=nil : new-refere="adder", new-referent="a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=one(),b=one())" : args=((:var . "a=adder(a=one()") (:var . "b=one())") (:var . "b=adder(a=one()") (:var . "b=one())")) : type=source-block : supplied params=((:var . "a=adder(a=one()") (:var . "b=one())") (:var . "b=adder(a=one()") (:var . "b=one())")) : new-refere="adder", new-referent="a=one(" : args=((:var . "a=one(")) : type=source-block : supplied params=((:var . "a=one(")) : reference 'one(' not found in this buffer Need to change the regexp in [[file:lisp/org-babel-ref.el::assign%20any%20arguments%20to%20pass%20to%20source%20block][org-babel-ref-resolve-reference]] so that it only matches when the parenthesis are balanced. Maybe look at [[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/elisp/html_node/List-Motion.html][this]]. *** DONE Still some problems with deeply nested arguments and defaults **** sandbox **** DONE Parsing / defaults bug Try inserting a space between 'a=0,' and 'b=0' and comparing results #+srcname: parsing-defaults-bug() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=0,b=0)) arg #+end_src #+resname: parsing-defaults-bug : 99 #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-orig() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=adder(a=3, b=4),b=one())) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-orig : 10 **** DONE Nesting problem II This generates parsing errors Fixed: c2bef96b7f644c05be5a38cad6ad1d28723533aa #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-1() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=adder(a=2,b=4))) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-1 : 106 #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-original() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=one(),b=adder(a=1,b=4))) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-original : 8 **** DONE Why does this give 8? It was picking up the wrong definition of adder #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-2() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one())) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-2 : 101 **** DONE Problem with empty argument list This gives empty list with () and 'no output' with ( ) I think this is OK now. #+srcname: x #+begin_src python :var arg=adder( ) arg #+end_src #+resname: : 99 #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-orig() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=adder(a=3, b=4),b=one())) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-orig : 10 **** DONE Nesting problem II This generates parsing errors Fixed: c2bef96b7f644c05be5a38cad6ad1d28723533aa #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-1() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=adder(a=2,b=4))) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-1 : 106 #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-original() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one()),b=adder(a=one(),b=adder(a=1,b=4))) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-II-original : 8 **** DONE Why does this give 8? It was picking up the wrong definition of adder #+srcname: deeply-nested-args-bug-2() #+begin_src python :var arg=adder(a=adder(a=one(),b=one())) arg #+end_src #+resname: deeply-nested-args-bug-2 : 101 **** DONE Problem with empty argument list This gives empty list with () and 'no output' with ( ) I think this is OK now. #+srcname: x #+begin_src python :var arg=adder( ) arg #+end_src #+resname: : 99 #+srcname: test-zz(arg=adder(a=adder(a=19,b=adder(a=5,b=2)),b=adder(a=adder(a=1,b=9),b=adder(a=1,b=3)))) #+begin_src python arg #+end_src *** DONE Arg lacking default This would be good thing to address soon. I'm imagining that e.g. here, the 'caller' block would return the answer 30. I believe there's a few issues here: i.e. the naked 'a' without a reference is not understood; the default arg b=6 is not understood. #+srcname: adder-with-arg-lacking-default(a, b=6) #+begin_src python a+b #+end_src #+srcname: caller(var=adder-with-arg-lacking-default(a=24)) #+begin_src python :results silent var #+end_src ** DONE allow srcname to omit function call parentheses Someone needs to revisit those regexps. Is there an argument for moving some of the regexps used to match function calls into defvars? (i.e. in o-b.el and o-b-ref.el) This seems to work now. It still might be a good idea to separate out some of the key regexps into defvars at some point. #+srcname: omit-parens-test #+begin_src ruby :results output 3.times {puts 'x'} #+end_src #+resname: : x : x : x ** DONE avoid stripping whitespace from output when :results output This may be partly solved by using o-b-chomp rather than o-b-trim in the o-b-LANG-evaluate functions. ** DEFERRED weird escaped characters in shell prompt break shell evaluation E.g. this doesn't work. Should the shell sessions set a sane prompt when they start up? Or is it a question of altering comint-prompt-regexp? Or altering org-babel regexps? #+begin_src sh black=30 ; red=31 ; green=32 ; yellow=33 ; blue=34 ; magenta=35 ; cyan=36 ; white=37 prompt_col=$red prompt_char='>' export PS1="\[\033[${prompt_col}m\]\w${prompt_char} \[\033[0m\]" #+end_src I just pushed a good amount of changes, could you see if your shell problems still exist? The problem's still there. Specifically, aIui, at [[file:lisp/langs/org-babel-sh.el::raw%20org%20babel%20comint%20with%20output%20buffer%20org%20babel%20sh%20eoe%20output%20nil%20insert%20full%20body%20comint%20send%20input%20nil%20t][this line]] of org-babel-sh.el, raw gets the value ("" " Sun Jun 14 19:26:24 EDT 2009\n" " org_babel_sh_eoe\n" " ") and therefore (member org-babel-sh-eoe-output ...) fails I think that `comint-prompt-regexp' needs to be altered to match the shell prompt. This shouldn't be too difficult to do by hand, using the `regexp-builder' command and should probably be part of the user's regular emacs init. I can't think of a way for us to set this automatically, and we are SOL without a regexp to match the prompt. ** DONE function calls in #+srcname: refs My srcname references don't seem to be working for function calls. This needs fixing. #+srcname: called() #+begin_src python 59 #+end_src srcname function call doesn't work for calling a source block #+srcname: caller(var1=called()) #+begin_src python var1 #+end_src #+resname: caller : 59 They do work for a simple reference #+srcname: caller2(var1=56) #+begin_src python var1 #+end_src #+resname: caller2 : 59 and they do work for :var header arg #+srcname: caller3 #+begin_src python :var var1=called() var1 #+end_src #+resname: : 58 ** DONE LoB: with output to buffer, not working in buffers other than library-of-babel.org *** Initial report I haven't fixed this yet. org-babel-ref-resolve-reference moves point around, inside a save-excursion. Somehow when it comes to inserting the results (after possible further recursive calls to org-babel-ref-resolve-reference), point hasn't gone back to the lob line. #+tblname: test-data | 1 | 1 | | 2 | .5 | | 3 | .333 | #+lob: R-plot(data=test-data) #+lob: python-add(a=2, b=9) #+resname: python-add(a=2, b=9) : 11 *** Now I think this got fixed in the bugfixes before merging results into master. ** DONE cursor movement when evaluating source blocks E.g. the pie chart example. Despite the save-window-excursion in org-babel-execute:R. (I never learned how to do this properly: org-R jumps all over the place...) I don't see this now [ded] ** DONE LoB: calls fail if reference has single character name commit 21d058869df1ff23f4f8cc26f63045ac9c0190e2 **** This doesn't work #+lob: R-plot(data=X) #+tblname: X | 1 | 1 | | 2 | .5 | | 3 | .3333 | | 4 | .25 | | 5 | .2 | | 6 | .1666 | **** But this is OK #+tblname: XX | 1 | 1 | | 2 | .5 | | 3 | .3333 | | 4 | .25 | | 5 | .2 | | 6 | .1666 | #+lob: R-plot(data=XX) ** DONE make :results replace the default? I'm tending to think that appending results to pre-existing results creates mess, and that the cleaner `replace' option should be the default. E.g. when a source block creates an image, we would want that to be updated, rather than have a new one be added. I agree. ** DONE ruby evaluation not working under ubuntu emacs 23 With emacs 23.0.91.1 on ubuntu, for C-h f run-ruby I have the following, which seems to conflict with [[file:lisp/langs/org-babel-ruby.el::let%20session%20buffer%20save%20window%20excursion%20run%20ruby%20nil%20session%20current%20buffer][this line]] in org-babel-ruby.el. #+begin_example run-ruby is an interactive compiled Lisp function. (run-ruby cmd) Run an inferior Ruby process, input and output via buffer *ruby*. If there is a process already running in `*ruby*', switch to that buffer. With argument, allows you to edit the command line (default is value of `ruby-program-name'). Runs the hooks `inferior-ruby-mode-hook' (after the `comint-mode-hook' is run). (Type C-h m in the process buffer for a list of commands.) #+end_example So, I may have a non-standard inf-ruby.el. Here's my version of run-ruby. #+begin_example run-ruby is an interactive Lisp function in `inf-ruby.el'. (run-ruby &optional COMMAND NAME) Run an inferior Ruby process, input and output via buffer *ruby*. If there is a process already running in `*ruby*', switch to that buffer. With argument, allows you to edit the command line (default is value of `ruby-program-name'). Runs the hooks `inferior-ruby-mode-hook' (after the `comint-mode-hook' is run). (Type C-h m in the process buffer for a list of commands.) #+end_example It seems we could either bundle my version of inf-ruby.el (as it's the newest). Or we could change the use of `run-ruby' so that it is robust across multiple distributions. I think I'd prefer the former, unless the older version of inf-ruby is actually bundled with emacs, in which case maybe we should go out of our way to support it. Thoughts? I think for now I'll just include the latest [[file:util/inf-ruby.el][inf-ruby.el]] in the newly created utility directory. I doubt anyone would have a problem using the latest version of this file. ** DONE test failing forcing vector results with =test-forced-vector-results= ruby code block Note that this only seems to happen the *second* time the test table is evaluated #+srcname: bug-trivial-vector #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results vector silent 8 #+end_src #+srcname: bug-forced-vector-results #+begin_src ruby :var triv=test-trivial-vector :results silent triv.class.name #+end_src mysteriously this seems to be fixed... ** DONE defunct R sessions Sometimes an old R session will turn defunct, and newly inserted code will not be evaluated (leading to a hang). This seems to be fixed by using `inferior-ess-send-input' rather than `comint-send-input'. ** DONE ruby fails on first call to non-default session #+srcname: bug-new-session #+begin_src ruby :session is-new :patton #+end_src ** DONE when reading results from =#+resname= line Errors when trying to read from resname lines. #+resname: bug-in-resname : 8 #+srcname: bug-in-resname-reader #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var buggy=bug-in-resname() :results silent buggy #+end_src ** DONE R-code broke on "org-babel" rename #+srcname: bug-R-babels #+begin_src R 8 * 2 #+end_src ** DONE error on trivial R results So I know it's generally not a good idea to squash error without handling them, but in this case the error almost always means that there was no file contents to be read by =org-table-import=, so I think it's ok. #+srcname: bug-trivial-r1 #+begin_src R :results replace pie(c(1, 2, 3), labels = c(1, 2, 3)) #+end_src #+srcname: bug-trivial-r2 #+begin_src R :results replace 8 #+end_src #+resname: bug-trivial-r2 : 8 #+srcname: bug-trivial-r3 #+begin_src R :results replace c(1,2,3) #+end_src #+resname: bug-trivial-r3 | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | ** DONE ruby new variable creation (multi-line ruby blocks) Actually it looks like we were dropping all but the last line. #+srcname: multi-line-ruby-test #+begin_src ruby :var table=bug-numerical-table :results replace total = 0 table.each{|n| total += n} total/table.size #+end_src #+resname: : 2 ** DONE R code execution seems to choke on certain inputs Currently the R code seems to work on vertical (but not landscape) tables #+srcname: little-fake #+begin_src emacs-lisp "schulte" #+end_src #+begin_src R :var num=little-fake num #+end_src #+resname: : schulte #+srcname: set-debug-on-error #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (setq debug-on-error t) #+end_src #+srcname: bug-numerical-table #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent '(1 2 3) #+end_src #+srcname: bug-R-number-evaluation #+begin_src R :var table=bug-numerical-table mean(mean(table)) #+end_src #+resname: : 2 #+tblname: bug-vert-table | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | #+srcname: bug-R-vertical-table #+begin_src R :var table=bug-vert-table :results silent mean(table) #+end_src ** DONE org bug/request: prevent certain org behaviour within code blocks E.g. [[]] gets recognised as a link (when there's text inside the brackets). This is bad for R code at least, and more generally could be argued to be inappropriate. Is it difficult to get org to ignore text in code blocks? [DED] I believe Carsten addressed this recently on the mailing list with the comment that it was indeed a difficult issue. I believe this may be one area where we could wait for an upstream (org-mode) fix. [Dan] Carsten has fixed this now in the core. ** DONE with :results replace, non-table output doesn't replace table output And vice versa. E.g. Try this first with table and then with len(table) [DED] #+begin_src python :var table=sandbox :results replace table #+end_src | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | "schulte" | 6 | : 2 Yes, this is certainly a problem. I fear that if we begin replacing anything immediately following a source block (regardless of whether it matches the type of our current results) we may accidentally delete hand written portions of the user's org-mode buffer. I think that the best solution here would be to actually start labeling results with a line that looks something like... #+results: name This would have a couple of benefits... 1) we wouldn't have to worry about possibly deleting non-results (which is currently an issue) 2) we could reliably replace results even if there are different types 3) we could reference the results of a source-code block in variable definitions, which would be useful if for example we don't wish to re-run a source-block every time because it is long-running. Thoughts? If no-one objects, I believe I will implement the labeling of results. ** DONE extra quotes for nested string Well R appears to be reading the tables without issue... these *should* be quoted #+srcname: ls #+begin_src sh :results replace ls #+end_src | "COPYING" | | "README.markdown" | | "block" | | "examples.org" | | "existing_tools" | | "intro.org" | | "org-babel" | | "rorg.org" | | "test-export.html" | | "test-export.org" | #+srcname: test-quotes #+begin_src ruby :var tab=ls tab[1][0] #+end_src : README.markdown #+srcname: test-quotes #+begin_src R :var tab=ls as.matrix(tab[2,]) #+end_src : README.markdown ** DONE simple ruby arrays not working As an example eval the following. Adding a line to test #+tblname: simple-ruby-array | 3 | 4 | 5 | #+srcname: ruby-array-test #+begin_src ruby :var ar = simple-ruby-array :results silent ar.first.first #+end_src ** DONE space trailing language name fix regexp so it works when there's a space trailing the language name #+srcname: test-trailing-space #+begin_src ruby :schulte #+end_src ** DONE Args out of range error The following block resulted in the error below [DED]. It ran without error directly in the shell. #+begin_src sh cd ~/work/genopca for platf in ill aff ; do for pop in CEU YRI ASI ; do rm -f $platf/hapmap-genos-$pop-all $platf/hapmap-rs-all cat $platf/hapmap-genos-$pop-* > $platf/hapmap-genos-$pop-all cat $platf/hapmap-rs-* > $platf/hapmap-rs-all done done #+end_src executing source block with sh... finished executing source block string-equal: Args out of range: "", -1, 0 the error =string-equal: Args out of range: "", -1, 0= looks like what used to be output when the block returned an empty results string. This should be fixed in the current version, you should now see the following message =no result returned by source block=. ** DONE ruby arrays not recognized as such Something is wrong in [[file:lisp/org-babel-script.el]] related to the recognition of ruby arrays as such. #+begin_src ruby :results replace [1, 2, 3, 4] #+end_src | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | #+begin_src python :results replace [1, 2, 3, 4] #+end_src | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ** REJECTED elisp reference fails for literal number That's a bug in Dan's elisp, not in org-babel. #+srcname: elisp-test(a=4) #+begin_src emacs-lisp (message a) #+end_src : 30 * Tests Evaluate all the cells in this table for a comprehensive test of the org-babel functionality. *Note*: if you have customized =org-babel-default-header-args= then some of these tests may fail. #+TBLNAME: org-babel-tests | functionality | block | arg | expected | results | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | basic evaluation | | | | | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | emacs lisp | basic-elisp | | 5 | 5 | pass | | shell | basic-shell | | 6 | 6 | pass | | ruby | basic-ruby | | org-babel | org-babel | pass | | python | basic-python | | hello world | hello world | pass | | R | basic-R | | 13 | 13 | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | tables | | | | | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | emacs lisp | table-elisp | | 3 | 3 | pass | | ruby | table-ruby | | 1-2-3 | 1-2-3 | pass | | python | table-python | | 5 | 5 | pass | | R | table-R | | 3.5 | 3.5 | pass | | R: col names in R | table-R-colnames | | -3 | -3 | pass | | R: col names in org | table-R-colnames-org | | 169 | 169 | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | source block references | | | | | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | all languages | chained-ref-last | | Array | Array | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | source block functions | | | | | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | emacs lisp | defun-fibb | | fibbd | fibbd | pass | | run over | Fibonacci | 0 | 1 | 1 | pass | | a | Fibonacci | 1 | 1 | 1 | pass | | variety | Fibonacci | 2 | 2 | 2 | pass | | of | Fibonacci | 3 | 3 | 3 | pass | | different | Fibonacci | 4 | 5 | 5 | pass | | arguments | Fibonacci | 5 | 8 | 8 | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | bugs and tasks | | | | | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | simple ruby arrays | ruby-array-test | | 3 | 3 | pass | | R number evaluation | bug-R-number-evaluation | | 2 | 2 | pass | | multi-line ruby blocks | multi-line-ruby-test | | 2 | 2 | pass | | forcing vector results | test-forced-vector-results | | Array | Array | pass | | deeply nested arguments | deeply-nested-args-bug | | 4 | 4 | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | sessions | | | | | pass | |-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+-------------+-------------+------| | set ruby session | set-ruby-session-var | | :set | :set | pass | | get from ruby session | get-ruby-session-var | | 3 | 3 | pass | | set python session | set-python-session-var | | set | set | pass | | get from python session | get-python-session-var | | 4 | 4 | pass | | set R session | set-R-session-var | | set | set | pass | | get from R session | get-R-session-var | | 5 | 5 | pass | #+TBLFM: $5='(if (= (length $3) 1) (progn (message (format "running %S" '(sbe $2 (n $3)))) (sbe $2 (n $3))) (sbe $2))::$6='(if (string= $4 $5) "pass" (format "expected %S but was %S" $4 $5)) #+TBLFM: $5=""::$6="" The second TBLFM line (followed by replacing '[]' with '') can be used to blank out the table results, in the absence of a better method. ** basic tests #+srcname: basic-elisp #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (+ 1 4) #+end_src #+srcname: basic-shell #+begin_src sh :results silent expr 1 + 5 #+end_src #+srcname: date-simple #+begin_src sh :results silent date #+end_src #+srcname: basic-ruby #+begin_src ruby :results silent "org-babel" #+end_src #+srcname: basic-python #+begin_src python :results silent 'hello world' #+end_src #+srcname: basic-R #+begin_src R :results silent b <- 9 b + 4 #+end_src ** read tables #+tblname: test-table | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | 5 | 6 | #+tblname: test-table-colnames | var1 | var2 | var3 | |------+------+------| | 1 | 22 | 13 | | 41 | 55 | 67 | #+srcname: table-elisp #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent :var table=test-table (length (car table)) #+end_src #+srcname: table-ruby #+begin_src ruby :results silent :var table=test-table table.first.join("-") #+end_src #+srcname: table-python #+begin_src python :var table=test-table table[1][1] #+end_src #+srcname: table-R(table=test-table) #+begin_src R mean(mean(table)) #+end_src #+srcname: table-R-colnames(table=test-table-colnames) #+begin_src R :results silent sum(table$var2 - table$var3) #+end_src #+srcname: R-square(x=default-name-doesnt-exist) #+begin_src R :colnames t x^2 #+end_src This should return 169. The fact that R is able to use the column name to index the data frame (x$var3) proves that a table with column names (a header row) has been recognised as input for the R-square function block, and that the R-square block has output an elisp table with column names, and that the colnames have again been recognised when creating the R variables in this block. #+srcname: table-R-colnames-org(x = R-square(x=test-table-colnames)) #+begin_src R x$var3[1] #+end_src ** references Lets pass a references through all of our languages... Lets start by reversing the table from the previous examples #+srcname: chained-ref-first #+begin_src python :var table = test-table table.reverse() table #+end_src #+resname: chained-ref-first | 4 | 5 | 6 | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Take the first part of the list #+srcname: chained-ref-second #+begin_src R :var table = chained-ref-first table[1] #+end_src #+resname: chained-ref-second | 4 | | 1 | Turn the numbers into string #+srcname: chained-ref-third #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var table = chained-ref-second (mapcar (lambda (el) (format "%S" el)) table) #+end_src #+resname: chained-ref-third | "(4)" | "(1)" | and Check that it is still a list #+srcname: chained-ref-last #+begin_src ruby :var table=chained-ref-third table.class.name #+end_src ** source blocks as functions #+srcname: defun-fibb #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (defun fibbd (n) (if (< n 2) 1 (+ (fibbd (- n 1)) (fibbd (- n 2))))) #+end_src #+srcname: fibonacci #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent :var n=7 (fibbd n) #+end_src ** sbe tests (these don't seem to be working...) Testing the insertion of results into org-mode tables. #+srcname: multi-line-output #+begin_src ruby :results replace "the first line ends here and this is the second one even a third" #+end_src #+resname: : the first line ends here\n\n\n and this is the second one\n\neven a third #+srcname: multi-line-error #+begin_src ruby :results replace raise "oh nooooooooooo" #+end_src #+resname: : oh nooooooooooo | the first line ends here... | -:5: warning: parenthesize argument(s) for future version... | #+TBLFM: $1='(sbe "multi-line-output")::$2='(sbe "multi-line-error") ** forcing results types tests #+srcname: test-trivial-vector #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results vector silent 8 #+end_src #+srcname: test-forced-vector-results #+begin_src ruby :var triv=test-trivial-vector :results silent triv.class.name #+end_src ** sessions #+srcname: set-ruby-session-var #+begin_src ruby :session :results silent var = [1, 2, 3] :set #+end_src #+srcname: get-ruby-session-var #+begin_src ruby :session :results silent var.size #+end_src #+srcname: set-python-session-var #+begin_src python :session var=4 'set' #+end_src #+srcname: get-python-session-var #+begin_src python :session var #+end_src #+srcname: set-R-session-var #+begin_src R :session a <- 5 'set' #+end_src #+srcname: get-R-session-var #+begin_src R :session a #+end_src * Sandbox :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: sandbox :END: To run these examples evaluate [[file:lisp/org-babel-init.el][org-babel-init.el]] ** org-babel.el beginning functionality #+begin_src sh :results replace date #+end_src #+resname: : Sun Jul 5 18:54:39 EDT 2009 #+begin_src ruby Time.now #+end_src #+resname: : Sun Jul 05 18:54:35 -0400 2009 #+begin_src python "Hello World" #+end_src #+resname: : Hello World ** org-babel-R #+begin_src R :results replace a <- 9 b <- 16 a + b #+end_src #+resname: : 25 #+begin_src R hist(rgamma(20,3,3)) #+end_src ** org-babel plays with tables Alright, this should demonstrate both the ability of org-babel to read tables into a lisp source code block, and to then convert the results of the source code block into an org table. It's using the classic "lisp is elegant" demonstration transpose function. To try this out... 1. evaluate [[file:lisp/org-babel-init.el]] to load org-babel and friends 2. evaluate the transpose definition =\C-c\\C-c= on the beginning of the source block 3. evaluate the next source code block, this should read in the table because of the =:var table=previous=, then transpose the table, and finally it should insert the transposed table into the buffer immediately following the block *** Emacs lisp #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (defun transpose (table) (apply #'mapcar* #'list table)) #+end_src #+TBLNAME: sandbox | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | schulte | 6 | #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var table=sandbox :results replace (transpose table) #+end_src #+begin_src emacs-lisp '(1 2 3 4 5) #+end_src #+resname: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | *** Ruby and Python #+begin_src ruby :var table=sandbox :results replace table.first.join(" - ") #+end_src #+resname: : 1 - 2 - 3 #+begin_src python :var table=sandbox table[0] #+end_src #+begin_src ruby :var table=sandbox :results replace table #+end_src #+resname: : [[1, 2, 3], [4, "schulte", 6]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | "schulte" | 6 | #+begin_src python :var table=sandbox :results replace len(table) #+end_src : 2 | "__add__" | "__class__" | "__contains__" | "__delattr__" | "__delitem__" | "__delslice__" | "__doc__" | "__eq__" | "__format__" | "__ge__" | "__getattribute__" | "__getitem__" | "__getslice__" | "__gt__" | "__hash__" | "__iadd__" | "__imul__" | "__init__" | "__iter__" | "__le__" | "__len__" | "__lt__" | "__mul__" | "__ne__" | "__new__" | "__reduce__" | "__reduce_ex__" | "__repr__" | "__reversed__" | "__rmul__" | "__setattr__" | "__setitem__" | "__setslice__" | "__sizeof__" | "__str__" | "__subclasshook__" | "append" | "count" | "extend" | "index" | "insert" | "pop" | "remove" | "reverse" | "sort" | *** (sandbox table) R #+TBLNAME: sandbox_r | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | schulte | 6 | #+begin_src R :results replace x <- c(rnorm(10, mean=-3, sd=1), rnorm(10, mean=3, sd=1)) x #+end_src | -3.35473133869346 | | -2.45714878661 | | -3.32819924928633 | | -2.97310212756194 | | -2.09640758369576 | | -5.06054014378736 | | -2.20713700711221 | | -1.37618039712037 | | -1.95839385821742 | | -3.90407396475502 | | 2.51168071590226 | | 3.96753011570494 | | 3.31793212627865 | | 1.99829753972341 | | 4.00403686419829 | | 4.63723764452927 | | 3.94636744261313 | | 3.58355906547775 | | 3.01563442274226 | | 1.7634976849927 | #+begin_src R var tabel=sandbox_r :results replace tabel #+end_src | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | "schulte" | 6 | *** shell Now shell commands are converted to tables using =org-table-import= and if these tables are non-trivial (i.e. have multiple elements) then they are imported as org-mode tables... #+begin_src sh :results replace ls -l #+end_src | "total" | 208 | "" | "" | "" | "" | "" | "" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 57 | 2009 | 15 | "block" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 35147 | 2009 | 15 | "COPYING" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 722 | 2009 | 18 | "examples.org" | | "drwxr-xr-x" | 4 | "dan" | "dan" | 4096 | 2009 | 19 | "existing_tools" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 2207 | 2009 | 14 | "intro.org" | | "drwxr-xr-x" | 2 | "dan" | "dan" | 4096 | 2009 | 18 | "org-babel" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 277 | 2009 | 20 | "README.markdown" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 11837 | 2009 | 18 | "rorg.html" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 61829 | 2009 | 19 | "#rorg.org#" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 60190 | 2009 | 19 | "rorg.org" | | "-rw-r--r--" | 1 | "dan" | "dan" | 972 | 2009 | 11 | "test-export.org" | ** silent evaluation #+begin_src ruby :im_the_results #+end_src : :im_the_results #+begin_src ruby :results silent :im_the_results #+end_src #+begin_src ruby :results replace :im_the_results_ #+end_src : :im_the_results_ ** (sandbox) referencing other source blocks Doing this in emacs-lisp first because it's trivial to convert emacs-lisp results to and from emacs-lisp. *** emacs lisp source reference This first example performs a calculation in the first source block named =top=, the results of this calculation are then saved into the variable =first= by the header argument =:var first=top=, and it is used in the calculations of the second source block. #+SRCNAME: top #+begin_src emacs-lisp (+ 4 2) #+end_src #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var first=top :results replace (* first 3) #+end_src : 18 This example is the same as the previous only the variable being passed through is a table rather than a number. #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (defun transpose (table) (apply #'mapcar* #'list table)) #+end_src #+TBLNAME: top_table | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | schulte | 6 | #+SRCNAME: second_src_example #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var table=top_table (transpose table) #+end_src #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var table=second_src_example :results replace (transpose table) #+end_src | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | "schulte" | 6 | *** ruby python Now working for ruby #+srcname: start #+begin_src ruby 89 #+end_src #+begin_src ruby :var other=start :results replace 2 * other #+end_src and for python #+SRCNAME: start_two #+begin_src python 98 #+end_src #+begin_src python :var another=start_two :results replace another*3 #+end_src *** mixed languages Since all variables are converted into Emacs Lisp it is no problem to reference variables specified in another language. #+SRCNAME: ruby-block #+begin_src ruby 2 #+end_src #+SRCNAME: lisp_block #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var ruby-variable=ruby-block (* ruby-variable 8) #+end_src #+begin_src python :var lisp_var=lisp_block lisp_var + 4 #+end_src : 20 *** R #+srcname: first_r #+begin_src R :results replace a <- 9 a #+end_src : 9 #+begin_src R :var other=first_r :results replace other + 2 #+end_src : 11 ** (sandbox) selective export For exportation tests and examples see (including exportation of inline source code blocks) [[file:test-export.org]] ** (sandbox) source blocks as functions #+srcname: default #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent 5 #+end_src #+srcname: triple #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var n=default :results replace (* 3 n) #+end_src : 15 #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var result=triple(n=3, m=98) :results replace result #+end_src : 294 The following just demonstrates the ability to assign variables to literal values, which was not implemented until recently. #+begin_src ruby :var num="eric" :results replace num+" schulte " #+end_src : "eric schulte " ** (sandbox) inline source blocks This is an inline source code block src_ruby{1 + 6}. And another source block with text output src_emacs-lisp{"eric"}. This is an inline source code block with header arguments. src_ruby[:var n=fibbd( n = 0 )]{n} ** (sandbox) integration w/org tables #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (defun fibbd (n) (if (< n 2) 1 (+ (fibbd (- n 1)) (fibbd (- n 2))))) #+end_src #+srcname: fibbd #+begin_src emacs-lisp :var n=4 :results silent (fibbd n) #+end_src #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (mapcar #'fibbd '(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) #+end_src Something is not working here. The function `sbe ' works fine when called from outside of the table (see the source block below), but produces an error when called from inside the table. I think there must be some narrowing going on during intra-table emacs-lisp evaluation. | original | fibbd | |----------+-------| | 0 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 2 | | 3 | 3 | | 4 | 5 | | 5 | 8 | | 6 | 13 | | 7 | 21 | | 8 | 34 | | 9 | 55 | #+TBLFM: $2='(sbe "fibbd" (n $1)) silent-result #+begin_src emacs-lisp :results silent (sbe 'fibbd (n "8")) #+end_src * Buffer Dictionary LocalWords: DBlocks dblocks org-babel el eric fontification