forked from mirrors/org-mode
19377 lines
759 KiB
Plaintext
19377 lines
759 KiB
Plaintext
\input texinfo @c -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename ../../info/org.info
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@settitle The Org Manual
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@include docstyle.texi
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@include org-version.inc
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@c Version and Contact Info
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@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://orgmode.org,maintainers web page}
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@set AUTHOR Carsten Dominik
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@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
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@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{carsten at orgmode dot org}
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@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:carsten at orgmode dot org,contact the maintainer}
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@c %**end of header
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@finalout
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@c -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@c Macro definitions for commands and keys
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@c =======================================
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@c The behavior of the key/command macros will depend on the flag cmdnames
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@c When set, commands names are shown. When clear, they are not shown.
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@set cmdnames
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@c Below we define the following macros for Org key tables:
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@c orgkey{key} A key item
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@c orgcmd{key,cmd} Key with command name
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@c xorgcmd{key,cmd} Key with command name as @itemx
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@c orgcmdnki{key,cmd} Like orgcmd, but do not index the key
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@c orgcmdtkc{text,key,cmd} Like orgcmd,special text instead of key
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@c orgcmdkkc{key1,key2,cmd} Two keys with one command name, use "or"
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@c orgcmdkxkc{key1,key2,cmd} Two keys with one command name, but
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@c different functions, so format as @itemx
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@c orgcmdkskc{key1,key2,cmd} Same as orgcmdkkc, but use "or short"
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@c xorgcmdkskc{key1,key2,cmd} Same as previous, but use @itemx
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@c orgcmdkkcc{key1,key2,cmd1,cmd2} Two keys and two commands
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@c a key but no command
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@c Inserts: @item key
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@macro orgkey{key}
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@kindex \key\
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@item @kbd{\key\}
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@end macro
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@macro xorgkey{key}
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@kindex \key\
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@itemx @kbd{\key\}
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@end macro
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@c one key with a command
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@c Inserts: @item KEY COMMAND
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@macro orgcmd{key,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\key\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\key\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key\
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@item @kbd{\key\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c One key with one command, formatted using @itemx
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@c Inserts: @itemx KEY COMMAND
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@macro xorgcmd{key,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@itemx @kbd{\key\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@itemx @kbd{\key\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key\
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@itemx @kbd{\key\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c one key with a command, bit do not index the key
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@c Inserts: @item KEY COMMAND
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@macro orgcmdnki{key,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\key\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\key\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@item @kbd{\key\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c one key with a command, and special text to replace key in item
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@c Inserts: @item TEXT COMMAND
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@macro orgcmdtkc{text,key,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\text\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\text\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key\
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@item @kbd{\text\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c two keys with one command
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@c Inserts: @item KEY1 or KEY2 COMMAND
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@macro orgcmdkkc{key1,key2,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or} @ @kbd{\key2\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or} @ @kbd{\key2\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or} @ @kbd{\key2\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c Two keys with one command name, but different functions, so format as
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@c @itemx
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@c Inserts: @item KEY1
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@c @itemx KEY2 COMMAND
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@macro orgcmdkxkc{key1,key2,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\key1\}
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@itemx @kbd{\key2\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\key1\}
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@itemx @kbd{\key2\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@item @kbd{\key1\}
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@itemx @kbd{\key2\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c Same as previous, but use "or short"
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@c Inserts: @item KEY1 or short KEY2 COMMAND
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@macro orgcmdkskc{key1,key2,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or short} @ @kbd{\key2\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or short} @ @kbd{\key2\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or short} @ @kbd{\key2\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c Same as previous, but use @itemx
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@c Inserts: @itemx KEY1 or short KEY2 COMMAND
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@macro xorgcmdkskc{key1,key2,command}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@findex \command\
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@iftex
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@itemx @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or short} @ @kbd{\key2\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@itemx @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or short} @ @kbd{\key2\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@itemx @kbd{\key1\} @ @r{or short} @ @kbd{\key2\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c two keys with two commands
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@c Inserts: @item KEY1 COMMAND1
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@c @itemx KEY2 COMMAND2
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@macro orgcmdkkcc{key1,key2,command1,command2}
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@ifset cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@findex \command1\
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@findex \command2\
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@iftex
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command1\}
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@itemx @kbd{\key2\} @hskip 0pt plus 1filll @code{\command2\}
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@item @kbd{\key1\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command1\})
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@itemx @kbd{\key2\} @tie{}@tie{}@tie{}@tie{}(@code{\command2\})
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifset
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@ifclear cmdnames
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@kindex \key1\
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@kindex \key2\
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@item @kbd{\key1\}
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@itemx @kbd{\key2\}
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@end ifclear
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@end macro
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@c -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@iftex
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@c @hyphenation{time-stamp time-stamps time-stamp-ing time-stamp-ed}
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@end iftex
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@c Subheadings inside a table.
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@macro tsubheading{text}
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@ifinfo
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@subsubheading \text\
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@end ifinfo
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@ifnotinfo
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@item @b{\text\}
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@end ifnotinfo
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@end macro
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@copying
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This manual is for Org version @value{VERSION}.
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Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@quotation
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
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and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license
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is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.''
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(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and
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modify this GNU manual.''
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@end quotation
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@end copying
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@dircategory Emacs editing modes
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@direntry
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* Org Mode: (org). Outline-based notes management and organizer
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@end direntry
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@titlepage
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@title The Org Manual
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@subtitle Release @value{VERSION}
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@author by Carsten Dominik
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with contributions by Bastien Guerry, Nicolas Goaziou, Eric Schulte,
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Jambunathan K, Dan Davison, Thomas Dye, David O'Toole, and Philip Rooke.
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@c The following two commands start the copyright page.
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@insertcopying
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@end titlepage
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@c Output the short table of contents at the beginning.
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@shortcontents
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@c Output the table of contents at the beginning.
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@contents
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@ifnottex
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@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
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@top Org Mode Manual
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@insertcopying
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@end ifnottex
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@menu
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* Introduction:: Getting started
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* Document structure:: A tree works like your brain
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* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
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* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
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* TODO items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
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* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
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* Properties and columns:: Storing information about an entry
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* Dates and times:: Making items useful for planning
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* Capture - Refile - Archive:: The ins and outs for projects
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* Agenda views:: Collecting information into views
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* Markup:: Prepare text for rich export
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* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing notes
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* Publishing:: Create a web site of linked Org files
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* Working with source code:: Export, evaluate, and tangle code blocks
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* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
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* Hacking:: How to hack your way around
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* MobileOrg:: Viewing and capture on a mobile device
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* History and acknowledgments:: How Org came into being
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* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
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* Main Index:: An index of Org's concepts and features
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* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described
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* Command and Function Index:: Command names and some internal functions
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* Variable Index:: Variables mentioned in the manual
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@detailmenu
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--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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Introduction
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* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org does
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* Installation:: Installing Org
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* Activation:: How to activate Org for certain buffers
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* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
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* Conventions:: Typesetting conventions in the manual
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Document structure
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* Outlines:: Org is based on Outline mode
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* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree headlines
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* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
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* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
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* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
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* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
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* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
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* Drawers:: Tucking stuff away
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* Blocks:: Folding blocks
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* Footnotes:: How footnotes are defined in Org's syntax
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* Orgstruct mode:: Structure editing outside Org
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* Org syntax:: Formal description of Org's syntax
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Visibility cycling
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* Global and local cycling:: Cycling through various visibility states
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* Initial visibility:: Setting the initial visibility state
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* Catching invisible edits:: Preventing mistakes when editing invisible parts
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Tables
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* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
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* Column width and alignment:: Overrule the automatic settings
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* Column groups:: Grouping to trigger vertical lines
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* Orgtbl mode:: The table editor as minor mode
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* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities
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* Org-Plot:: Plotting from org tables
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The spreadsheet
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* References:: How to refer to another field or range
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* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
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* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
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* Durations and time values:: How to compute durations and time values
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* Field and range formulas:: Formula for specific (ranges of) fields
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* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
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* Lookup functions:: Lookup functions for searching tables
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* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas
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* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
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* Advanced features:: Field and column names, parameters and automatic recalc
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Hyperlinks
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* Link format:: How links in Org are formatted
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* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
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* External links:: URL-like links to the world
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* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
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* Using links outside Org:: Linking from my C source code?
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* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
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* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
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* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
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Internal links
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* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text
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TODO items
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* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
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* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
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* Progress logging:: Dates and notes for progress
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* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
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* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces
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* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
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Extended use of TODO keywords
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* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
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* TODO types:: I do this, Fred does the rest
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* Multiple sets in one file:: Mixing it all, and still finding your way
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* Fast access to TODO states:: Single letter selection of a state
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* Per-file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
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* Faces for TODO keywords:: Highlighting states
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* TODO dependencies:: When one task needs to wait for others
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Progress logging
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* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
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* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
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* Tracking your habits:: How consistent have you been?
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Tags
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* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
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* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
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||
* Tag hierarchy:: Create a hierarchy of tags
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||
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
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||
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Properties and columns
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* Property syntax:: How properties are spelled out
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* Special properties:: Access to other Org mode features
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||
* Property searches:: Matching property values
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||
* Property inheritance:: Passing values down the tree
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||
* Column view:: Tabular viewing and editing
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||
* Property API:: Properties for Lisp programmers
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||
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Column view
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||
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* Defining columns:: The COLUMNS format property
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||
* Using column view:: How to create and use column view
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||
* Capturing column view:: A dynamic block for column view
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||
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||
Defining columns
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||
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||
* Scope of column definitions:: Where defined, where valid?
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||
* Column attributes:: Appearance and content of a column
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||
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||
Dates and times
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||
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||
* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
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* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
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||
* Deadlines and scheduling:: Planning your work
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||
* Clocking work time:: Tracking how long you spend on a task
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||
* Effort estimates:: Planning work effort in advance
|
||
* Timers:: Notes with a running timer
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||
|
||
Creating timestamps
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||
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||
* The date/time prompt:: How Org mode helps you entering date and time
|
||
* Custom time format:: Making dates look different
|
||
|
||
Deadlines and scheduling
|
||
|
||
* Inserting deadline/schedule:: Planning items
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||
* Repeated tasks:: Items that show up again and again
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||
|
||
Clocking work time
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||
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* Clocking commands:: Starting and stopping a clock
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||
* The clock table:: Detailed reports
|
||
* Resolving idle time:: Resolving time when you've been idle
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||
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||
Capture - Refile - Archive
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||
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||
* Capture:: Capturing new stuff
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||
* Attachments:: Add files to tasks
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||
* RSS feeds:: Getting input from RSS feeds
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||
* Protocols:: External (e.g., Browser) access to Emacs and Org
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||
* Refile and copy:: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another
|
||
* Archiving:: What to do with finished projects
|
||
|
||
Capture
|
||
|
||
* Setting up capture:: Where notes will be stored
|
||
* Using capture:: Commands to invoke and terminate capture
|
||
* Capture templates:: Define the outline of different note types
|
||
|
||
Capture templates
|
||
|
||
* Template elements:: What is needed for a complete template entry
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||
* Template expansion:: Filling in information about time and context
|
||
* Templates in contexts:: Only show a template in a specific context
|
||
|
||
Archiving
|
||
|
||
* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
|
||
* Internal archiving:: Switch off a tree but keep it in the file
|
||
|
||
Agenda views
|
||
|
||
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
|
||
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
|
||
* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
|
||
* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
|
||
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of Org trees
|
||
* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
|
||
* Exporting agenda views:: Writing a view to a file
|
||
* Agenda column view:: Using column view for collected entries
|
||
|
||
The built-in agenda views
|
||
|
||
* Weekly/daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
|
||
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
|
||
* Matching tags and properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
|
||
* Search view:: Find entries by searching for text
|
||
* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
|
||
|
||
Presentation and sorting
|
||
|
||
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
|
||
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
|
||
* Sorting agenda items:: The order of things
|
||
* Filtering/limiting agenda items:: Dynamically narrow the agenda
|
||
|
||
Custom agenda views
|
||
|
||
* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
|
||
* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
|
||
* Setting options:: Changing the rules
|
||
|
||
Markup for rich export
|
||
|
||
* Paragraphs:: The basic unit of text
|
||
* Emphasis and monospace:: Bold, italic, etc.
|
||
* Horizontal rules:: Make a line
|
||
* Images and tables:: Images, tables and caption mechanism
|
||
* Literal examples:: Source code examples with special formatting
|
||
* Special symbols:: Greek letters and other symbols
|
||
* Subscripts and superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
|
||
* Embedded @LaTeX{}:: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents
|
||
|
||
Embedded @LaTeX{}
|
||
|
||
* @LaTeX{} fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
|
||
* Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments:: What will this snippet look like?
|
||
* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
|
||
|
||
Exporting
|
||
|
||
* The export dispatcher:: The main interface
|
||
* Export settings:: Common export settings
|
||
* Table of contents:: The if and where of the table of contents
|
||
* Include files:: Include additional files into a document
|
||
* Macro replacement:: Use macros to create templates
|
||
* Comment lines:: What will not be exported
|
||
* ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export:: Exporting to flat files with encoding
|
||
* Beamer export:: Exporting as a Beamer presentation
|
||
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
|
||
* @LaTeX{} export:: Exporting to @LaTeX{}, and processing to PDF
|
||
* Markdown export:: Exporting to Markdown
|
||
* OpenDocument Text export:: Exporting to OpenDocument Text
|
||
* Org export:: Exporting to Org
|
||
* Texinfo export:: Exporting to Texinfo
|
||
* iCalendar export:: Exporting to iCalendar
|
||
* Other built-in back-ends:: Exporting to a man page
|
||
* Advanced configuration:: Fine-tuning the export output
|
||
* Export in foreign buffers:: Author tables and lists in Org syntax
|
||
|
||
Beamer export
|
||
|
||
* Beamer export commands:: For creating Beamer documents.
|
||
* Beamer specific export settings:: For customizing Beamer export.
|
||
* Sectioning Frames and Blocks in Beamer:: For composing Beamer slides.
|
||
* Beamer specific syntax:: For using in Org documents.
|
||
* Editing support:: For using helper functions.
|
||
* A Beamer example:: A complete presentation.
|
||
|
||
HTML export
|
||
|
||
* HTML Export commands:: Invoking HTML export
|
||
* HTML Specific export settings:: Settings for HTML export
|
||
* HTML doctypes:: Exporting various (X)HTML flavors
|
||
* HTML preamble and postamble:: Inserting preamble and postamble
|
||
* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org files
|
||
* Links in HTML export:: Interpreting and formatting links
|
||
* Tables in HTML export:: Formatting and modifying tables
|
||
* Images in HTML export:: Inserting figures with HTML output
|
||
* Math formatting in HTML export:: Handling math equations
|
||
* Text areas in HTML export:: Showing an alternate approach, an example
|
||
* CSS support:: Styling HTML output
|
||
* JavaScript support:: Folding scripting in the web browser
|
||
|
||
@LaTeX{} export
|
||
|
||
* @LaTeX{} export commands:: For producing @LaTeX{} and PDF documents.
|
||
* @LaTeX{} specific export settings:: Unique to this @LaTeX{} back-end.
|
||
* @LaTeX{} header and sectioning:: For file structure.
|
||
* Quoting @LaTeX{} code:: Directly in the Org document.
|
||
* Tables in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to tables.
|
||
* Images in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to images.
|
||
* Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to lists.
|
||
* Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to source code blocks.
|
||
* Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to example blocks.
|
||
* Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to special blocks.
|
||
* Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to horizontal rules.
|
||
|
||
OpenDocument Text export
|
||
|
||
* Pre-requisites for ODT export:: Required packages.
|
||
* ODT export commands:: Invoking export.
|
||
* ODT specific export settings:: Configuration options.
|
||
* Extending ODT export:: Producing @file{.doc}, @file{.pdf} files.
|
||
* Applying custom styles:: Styling the output.
|
||
* Links in ODT export:: Handling and formatting links.
|
||
* Tables in ODT export:: Org table conversions.
|
||
* Images in ODT export:: Inserting images.
|
||
* Math formatting in ODT export:: Formatting @LaTeX{} fragments.
|
||
* Labels and captions in ODT export:: Rendering objects.
|
||
* Literal examples in ODT export:: For source code and example blocks.
|
||
* Advanced topics in ODT export:: For power users.
|
||
|
||
Math formatting in ODT export
|
||
|
||
* Working with @LaTeX{} math snippets:: Embedding in @LaTeX{} format.
|
||
* Working with MathML or OpenDocument formula files:: Embedding in native format.
|
||
|
||
Advanced topics in ODT export
|
||
|
||
* Configuring a document converter:: Registering a document converter.
|
||
* Working with OpenDocument style files:: Exploring internals.
|
||
* Creating one-off styles:: Customizing styles, highlighting.
|
||
* Customizing tables in ODT export:: Defining table templates.
|
||
* Validating OpenDocument XML:: Debugging corrupted OpenDocument files.
|
||
|
||
Texinfo export
|
||
|
||
* Texinfo export commands:: Invoking commands.
|
||
* Texinfo specific export settings:: Setting the environment.
|
||
* Texinfo file header:: Generating the header.
|
||
* Texinfo title and copyright page:: Creating preamble pages.
|
||
* Texinfo @samp{Top} node:: Installing a manual in Info Top node.
|
||
* Headings and sectioning structure:: Building document structure.
|
||
* Indices:: Creating indices.
|
||
* Quoting Texinfo code:: Incorporating literal Texinfo code.
|
||
* Plain lists in Texinfo export:: List attributes.
|
||
* Tables in Texinfo export:: Table attributes.
|
||
* Images in Texinfo export:: Image attributes.
|
||
* Special blocks in Texinfo export:: Special block attributes.
|
||
* A Texinfo example:: Processing Org to Texinfo.
|
||
|
||
Publishing
|
||
|
||
* Configuration:: Defining projects
|
||
* Uploading files:: How to get files up on the server
|
||
* Sample configuration:: Example projects
|
||
* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
|
||
|
||
Configuration
|
||
|
||
* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
|
||
* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
|
||
* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
|
||
* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
|
||
* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML/@LaTeX{} export
|
||
* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
|
||
* Sitemap:: Generating a list of all pages
|
||
* Generating an index:: An index that reaches across pages
|
||
|
||
Sample configuration
|
||
|
||
* Simple example:: One-component publishing
|
||
* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
|
||
|
||
Working with source code
|
||
|
||
* Structure of code blocks:: Code block syntax described
|
||
* Editing source code:: Language major-mode editing
|
||
* Exporting code blocks:: Export contents and/or results
|
||
* Extracting source code:: Create pure source code files
|
||
* Evaluating code blocks:: Place results of evaluation in the Org mode buffer
|
||
* Library of Babel:: Use and contribute to a library of useful code blocks
|
||
* Languages:: List of supported code block languages
|
||
* Header arguments:: Configure code block functionality
|
||
* Results of evaluation:: How evaluation results are handled
|
||
* Noweb reference syntax:: Literate programming in Org mode
|
||
* Key bindings and useful functions:: Work quickly with code blocks
|
||
* Batch execution:: Call functions from the command line
|
||
|
||
Header arguments
|
||
|
||
* Using header arguments:: Different ways to set header arguments
|
||
* Specific header arguments:: List of header arguments
|
||
|
||
Using header arguments
|
||
|
||
* System-wide header arguments:: Set globally, language-specific
|
||
* Language-specific header arguments:: Set in the Org file's headers
|
||
* Header arguments in Org mode properties:: Set in the Org file
|
||
* Language-specific mode properties::
|
||
* Code block specific header arguments:: The most commonly used method
|
||
* Arguments in function calls:: The most specific level, takes highest priority
|
||
|
||
Specific header arguments
|
||
|
||
* var:: Pass arguments to @samp{src} code blocks
|
||
* results:: Specify results type; how to collect
|
||
* file:: Specify a path for output file
|
||
* file-desc:: Specify a description for file results
|
||
* file-ext:: Specify an extension for file output
|
||
* output-dir:: Specify a directory for output file
|
||
* dir:: Specify the default directory for code block execution
|
||
* exports:: Specify exporting code, results, both, none
|
||
* tangle:: Toggle tangling; or specify file name
|
||
* mkdirp:: Toggle for parent directory creation for target files during tangling
|
||
* comments:: Toggle insertion of comments in tangled code files
|
||
* padline:: Control insertion of padding lines in tangled code files
|
||
* no-expand:: Turn off variable assignment and noweb expansion during tangling
|
||
* session:: Preserve the state of code evaluation
|
||
* noweb:: Toggle expansion of noweb references
|
||
* noweb-ref:: Specify block's noweb reference resolution target
|
||
* noweb-sep:: String to separate noweb references
|
||
* cache:: Avoid re-evaluating unchanged code blocks
|
||
* sep:: Delimiter for writing tabular results outside Org
|
||
* hlines:: Handle horizontal lines in tables
|
||
* colnames:: Handle column names in tables
|
||
* rownames:: Handle row names in tables
|
||
* shebang:: Make tangled files executable
|
||
* tangle-mode:: Set permission of tangled files
|
||
* eval:: Limit evaluation of specific code blocks
|
||
* wrap:: Mark source block evaluation results
|
||
* post:: Post processing of results of code block evaluation
|
||
* prologue:: Text to prepend to body of code block
|
||
* epilogue:: Text to append to body of code block
|
||
|
||
Miscellaneous
|
||
|
||
* Completion:: M-TAB guesses completions
|
||
* Easy templates:: Quick insertion of structural elements
|
||
* Speed keys:: Electric commands at the beginning of a headline
|
||
* Code evaluation security:: Org mode files evaluate inline code
|
||
* Customization:: Adapting Org to changing tastes
|
||
* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
|
||
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
|
||
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
|
||
* TTY keys:: Using Org on a tty
|
||
* Interaction:: With other Emacs packages
|
||
* org-crypt:: Encrypting Org files
|
||
|
||
Interaction with other packages
|
||
|
||
* Cooperation:: Packages Org cooperates with
|
||
* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
|
||
|
||
Hacking
|
||
|
||
* Hooks:: How to reach into Org's internals
|
||
* Add-on packages:: Available extensions
|
||
* Adding hyperlink types:: New custom link types
|
||
* Adding export back-ends:: How to write new export back-ends
|
||
* Context-sensitive commands:: How to add functionality to such commands
|
||
* Tables in arbitrary syntax:: Orgtbl for @LaTeX{} and other programs
|
||
* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
|
||
* Special agenda views:: Customized views
|
||
* Speeding up your agendas:: Tips on how to speed up your agendas
|
||
* Extracting agenda information:: Post-processing of agenda information
|
||
* Using the property API:: Writing programs that use entry properties
|
||
* Using the mapping API:: Mapping over all or selected entries
|
||
|
||
Tables and lists in arbitrary syntax
|
||
|
||
* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving radio tables
|
||
* A @LaTeX{} example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial
|
||
* Translator functions:: Copy and modify
|
||
* Radio lists:: Sending and receiving lists
|
||
|
||
MobileOrg
|
||
|
||
* Setting up the staging area:: For the mobile device
|
||
* Pushing to MobileOrg:: Uploading Org files and agendas
|
||
* Pulling from MobileOrg:: Integrating captured and flagged items
|
||
|
||
@end detailmenu
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Introduction
|
||
@chapter Introduction
|
||
@cindex introduction
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org does
|
||
* Installation:: Installing Org
|
||
* Activation:: How to activate Org for certain buffers
|
||
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
|
||
* Conventions:: Typesetting conventions in the manual
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Summary
|
||
@section Summary
|
||
@cindex summary
|
||
|
||
Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and project planning
|
||
with a fast and effective plain-text system. It also is an authoring system
|
||
with unique support for literate programming and reproducible research.
|
||
|
||
Org is implemented on top of Outline mode, which makes it possible to keep
|
||
the content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling and structure
|
||
editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily created with a
|
||
built-in table editor. Plain text URL-like links connect to websites,
|
||
emails, Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.
|
||
|
||
Org develops organizational tasks around notes files that contain lists or
|
||
information about projects as plain text. Project planning and task
|
||
management makes use of metadata which is part of an outline node. Based on
|
||
this data, specific entries can be extracted in queries and create dynamic
|
||
@i{agenda views} that also integrate the Emacs calendar and diary. Org can
|
||
be used to implement many different project planning schemes, such as David
|
||
Allen's GTD system.
|
||
|
||
Org files can serve as a single source authoring system with export to many
|
||
different formats such as HTML, @LaTeX{}, Open Document, and Markdown. New
|
||
export backends can be derived from existing ones, or defined from scratch.
|
||
|
||
Org files can include source code blocks, which makes Org uniquely suited for
|
||
authoring technical documents with code examples. Org source code blocks are
|
||
fully functional; they can be evaluated in place and their results can be
|
||
captured in the file. This makes it possible to create a single file
|
||
reproducible research compendium.
|
||
|
||
Org keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should feel like a
|
||
straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not imposed, but a
|
||
large amount of functionality is available when needed. Org is a toolbox.
|
||
Many users actually run only a (very personal) fraction of Org's capabilities, and
|
||
know that there is more whenever they need it.
|
||
|
||
All of this is achieved with strictly plain text files, the most portable and
|
||
future-proof file format. Org runs in Emacs. Emacs is one of the most
|
||
widely ported programs, so that Org mode is available on every major
|
||
platform.
|
||
|
||
@cindex FAQ
|
||
There is a website for Org which provides links to the newest
|
||
version of Org, as well as additional information, frequently asked
|
||
questions (FAQ), links to tutorials, etc. This page is located at
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org}.
|
||
@cindex print edition
|
||
|
||
An earlier version (7.3) of this manual is available as a
|
||
@uref{http://www.network-theory.co.uk/org/manual/, paperback book from
|
||
Network Theory Ltd.}
|
||
|
||
@page
|
||
|
||
@node Installation
|
||
@section Installation
|
||
@cindex installation
|
||
|
||
Org is part of recent distributions of GNU Emacs, so you normally don't need
|
||
to install it. If, for one reason or another, you want to install Org on top
|
||
of this pre-packaged version, there are three ways to do it:
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item By using Emacs package system.
|
||
@item By downloading Org as an archive.
|
||
@item By using Org's git repository.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
We @b{strongly recommend} to stick to a single installation method.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Using Emacs packaging system
|
||
|
||
Recent Emacs distributions include a packaging system which lets you install
|
||
Elisp libraries. You can install Org with @kbd{M-x package-install RET org}.
|
||
|
||
@noindent @b{Important}: you need to do this in a session where no @code{.org} file has
|
||
been visited, i.e., where no Org built-in function have been loaded.
|
||
Otherwise autoload Org functions will mess up the installation.
|
||
|
||
Then, to make sure your Org configuration is taken into account, initialize
|
||
the package system with @code{(package-initialize)} in your Emacs init file
|
||
before setting any Org option. If you want to use Org's package repository,
|
||
check out the @uref{http://orgmode.org/elpa.html, Org ELPA page}.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Downloading Org as an archive
|
||
|
||
You can download Org latest release from @uref{http://orgmode.org/, Org's
|
||
website}. In this case, make sure you set the load-path correctly in your
|
||
Emacs init file:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/path/to/orgdir/lisp")
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The downloaded archive contains contributed libraries that are not included
|
||
in Emacs. If you want to use them, add the @file{contrib} directory to your
|
||
load-path:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/path/to/orgdir/contrib/lisp" t)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Optionally, you can compile the files and/or install them in your system.
|
||
Run @code{make help} to list compilation and installation options.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Using Org's git repository
|
||
|
||
You can clone Org's repository and install Org like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
$ cd ~/src/
|
||
$ git clone git://orgmode.org/org-mode.git
|
||
$ make autoloads
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Note that in this case, @code{make autoloads} is mandatory: it defines Org's
|
||
version in @file{org-version.el} and Org's autoloads in
|
||
@file{org-loaddefs.el}.
|
||
|
||
Remember to add the correct load-path as described in the method above.
|
||
|
||
You can also compile with @code{make}, generate the documentation with
|
||
@code{make doc}, create a local configuration with @code{make config} and
|
||
install Org with @code{make install}. Please run @code{make help} to get
|
||
the list of compilation/installation options.
|
||
|
||
For more detailed explanations on Org's build system, please check the Org
|
||
Build System page on @uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-build-system.html,
|
||
Worg}.
|
||
|
||
@node Activation
|
||
@section Activation
|
||
@cindex activation
|
||
@cindex autoload
|
||
@cindex ELPA
|
||
@cindex global key bindings
|
||
@cindex key bindings, global
|
||
@findex org-agenda
|
||
@findex org-capture
|
||
@findex org-store-link
|
||
@findex org-iswitchb
|
||
|
||
Org mode buffers need font-lock to be turned on: this is the default in
|
||
Emacs@footnote{If you don't use font-lock globally, turn it on in Org buffer
|
||
with @code{(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)}}.
|
||
|
||
There are compatibility issues between Org mode and some other Elisp
|
||
packages, please take the time to check the list (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
||
|
||
The four Org commands @command{org-store-link}, @command{org-capture},
|
||
@command{org-agenda}, and @command{org-iswitchb} should be accessible through
|
||
global keys (i.e., anywhere in Emacs, not just in Org buffers). Here are
|
||
suggested bindings for these keys, please modify the keys to your own
|
||
liking.
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
|
||
(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
|
||
(global-set-key "\C-cc" 'org-capture)
|
||
(global-set-key "\C-cb" 'org-iswitchb)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@cindex Org mode, turning on
|
||
Files with the @file{.org} extension use Org mode by default. To turn on Org
|
||
mode in a file that does not have the extension @file{.org}, make the first
|
||
line of a file look like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file
|
||
@noindent which will select Org mode for this buffer no matter what
|
||
the file's name is. See also the variable
|
||
@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}.
|
||
|
||
Many commands in Org work on the region if the region is @i{active}. To make
|
||
use of this, you need to have @code{transient-mark-mode} turned on, which is
|
||
the default. If you do not like @code{transient-mark-mode}, you can create
|
||
an active region by using the mouse to select a region, or pressing
|
||
@kbd{C-@key{SPC}} twice before moving the cursor.
|
||
|
||
@node Feedback
|
||
@section Feedback
|
||
@cindex feedback
|
||
@cindex bug reports
|
||
@cindex maintainer
|
||
@cindex author
|
||
|
||
If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks, or ideas
|
||
about it, please mail to the Org mailing list @email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org}.
|
||
You can subscribe to the list
|
||
@uref{https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/emacs-orgmode, on this web page}.
|
||
If you are not a member of the mailing list, your mail will be passed to the
|
||
list after a moderator has approved it@footnote{Please consider subscribing
|
||
to the mailing list, in order to minimize the work the mailing list
|
||
moderators have to do.}.
|
||
|
||
For bug reports, please first try to reproduce the bug with the latest
|
||
version of Org available---if you are running an outdated version, it is
|
||
quite possible that the bug has been fixed already. If the bug persists,
|
||
prepare a report and provide as much information as possible, including the
|
||
version information of Emacs (@kbd{M-x emacs-version @key{RET}}) and Org
|
||
(@kbd{M-x org-version RET}), as well as the Org related setup in the Emacs
|
||
init file. The easiest way to do this is to use the command
|
||
@example
|
||
@kbd{M-x org-submit-bug-report RET}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent which will put all this information into an Emacs mail buffer so
|
||
that you only need to add your description. If you are not sending the Email
|
||
from within Emacs, please copy and paste the content into your Email program.
|
||
|
||
Sometimes you might face a problem due to an error in your Emacs or Org mode
|
||
setup. Before reporting a bug, it is very helpful to start Emacs with minimal
|
||
customizations and reproduce the problem. Doing so often helps you determine
|
||
if the problem is with your customization or with Org mode itself. You can
|
||
start a typical minimal session with a command like the example below.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
$ emacs -Q -l /path/to/minimal-org.el
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
However if you are using Org mode as distributed with Emacs, a minimal setup
|
||
is not necessary. In that case it is sufficient to start Emacs as
|
||
@code{emacs -Q}. The @code{minimal-org.el} setup file can have contents as
|
||
shown below.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
;;; Minimal setup to load latest 'org-mode'
|
||
|
||
;; activate debugging
|
||
(setq debug-on-error t
|
||
debug-on-signal nil
|
||
debug-on-quit nil)
|
||
|
||
;; add latest org-mode to load path
|
||
(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/lisp"))
|
||
(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/contrib/lisp" t))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
If an error occurs, a backtrace can be very useful (see below on how to
|
||
create one). Often a small example file helps, along with clear information
|
||
about:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item What exactly did you do?
|
||
@item What did you expect to happen?
|
||
@item What happened instead?
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
@noindent Thank you for helping to improve this program.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading How to create a useful backtrace
|
||
|
||
@cindex backtrace of an error
|
||
If working with Org produces an error with a message you don't
|
||
understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by
|
||
providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a @emph{backtrace}.
|
||
This is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the
|
||
error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
Reload uncompiled versions of all Org mode Lisp files. The backtrace
|
||
contains much more information if it is produced with uncompiled code.
|
||
To do this, use
|
||
@example
|
||
@kbd{C-u M-x org-reload RET}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
or select @code{Org -> Refresh/Reload -> Reload Org uncompiled} from the
|
||
menu.
|
||
@item
|
||
Go to the @code{Options} menu and select @code{Enter Debugger on Error}.
|
||
@item
|
||
Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Don't forget to
|
||
document the steps you take.
|
||
@item
|
||
When you hit the error, a @file{*Backtrace*} buffer will appear on the
|
||
screen. Save this buffer to a file (for example using @kbd{C-x C-w}) and
|
||
attach it to your bug report.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@node Conventions
|
||
@section Typesetting conventions used in this manual
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading TODO keywords, tags, properties, etc.
|
||
|
||
Org mainly uses three types of keywords: TODO keywords, tags and property
|
||
names. In this manual we use the following conventions:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item TODO
|
||
@itemx WAITING
|
||
TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they are
|
||
user-defined.
|
||
@item boss
|
||
@itemx ARCHIVE
|
||
User-defined tags are written in lowercase; built-in tags with special
|
||
meaning are written with all capitals.
|
||
@item Release
|
||
@itemx PRIORITY
|
||
User-defined properties are capitalized; built-in properties with
|
||
special meaning are written with all capitals.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Moreover, Org uses @i{option keywords} (like @code{#+TITLE} to set the title)
|
||
and @i{environment keywords} (like @code{#+BEGIN_EXPORT html} to start
|
||
a @code{HTML} environment). They are written in uppercase in the manual to
|
||
enhance its readability, but you can use lowercase in your Org file.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Key bindings and commands
|
||
@kindex C-c a
|
||
@findex org-agenda
|
||
@kindex C-c c
|
||
@findex org-capture
|
||
|
||
The manual suggests a few global key bindings, in particular @kbd{C-c a} for
|
||
@code{org-agenda} and @kbd{C-c c} for @code{org-capture}. These are only
|
||
suggestions, but the rest of the manual assumes that these key bindings are in
|
||
place in order to list commands by key access.
|
||
|
||
Also, the manual lists both the keys and the corresponding commands for
|
||
accessing a functionality. Org mode often uses the same key for different
|
||
functions, depending on context. The command that is bound to such keys has
|
||
a generic name, like @code{org-metaright}. In the manual we will, wherever
|
||
possible, give the function that is internally called by the generic command.
|
||
For example, in the chapter on document structure, @kbd{M-@key{right}} will
|
||
be listed to call @code{org-do-demote}, while in the chapter on tables, it
|
||
will be listed to call @code{org-table-move-column-right}. If you prefer,
|
||
you can compile the manual without the command names by unsetting the flag
|
||
@code{cmdnames} in @file{org.texi}.
|
||
|
||
@node Document structure
|
||
@chapter Document structure
|
||
@cindex document structure
|
||
@cindex structure of document
|
||
|
||
Org is based on Outline mode and provides flexible commands to
|
||
edit the structure of the document.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Outlines:: Org is based on Outline mode
|
||
* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree headlines
|
||
* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
|
||
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
|
||
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
|
||
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
|
||
* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
|
||
* Drawers:: Tucking stuff away
|
||
* Blocks:: Folding blocks
|
||
* Footnotes:: How footnotes are defined in Org's syntax
|
||
* Orgstruct mode:: Structure editing outside Org
|
||
* Org syntax:: Formal description of Org's syntax
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Outlines
|
||
@section Outlines
|
||
@cindex outlines
|
||
@cindex Outline mode
|
||
|
||
Org is implemented on top of Outline mode. Outlines allow a
|
||
document to be organized in a hierarchical structure, which (at least
|
||
for me) is the best representation of notes and thoughts. An overview
|
||
of this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the
|
||
document to show only the general document structure and the parts
|
||
currently being worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of
|
||
outlines by compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a single
|
||
command, @command{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @key{TAB} key.
|
||
|
||
@node Headlines
|
||
@section Headlines
|
||
@cindex headlines
|
||
@cindex outline tree
|
||
@vindex org-special-ctrl-a/e
|
||
@vindex org-special-ctrl-k
|
||
@vindex org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree
|
||
|
||
Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in Org
|
||
start with one or more stars, on the left margin@footnote{See the variables
|
||
@code{org-special-ctrl-a/e}, @code{org-special-ctrl-k}, and
|
||
@code{org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree} to configure special behavior of @kbd{C-a},
|
||
@kbd{C-e}, and @kbd{C-k} in headlines.} @footnote{Clocking only works with
|
||
headings indented less than 30 stars.}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Top level headline
|
||
** Second level
|
||
*** 3rd level
|
||
some text
|
||
*** 3rd level
|
||
more text
|
||
|
||
* Another top level headline
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-section
|
||
@noindent Note that a headline named after @code{org-footnote-section},
|
||
which defaults to @samp{Footnotes}, is considered as special. A subtree with
|
||
this headline will be silently ignored by exporting functions.
|
||
|
||
Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an
|
||
outline that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline
|
||
starters. @ref{Clean view}, describes a setup to realize this.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-cycle-separator-lines
|
||
An empty line after the end of a subtree is considered part of it and
|
||
will be hidden when the subtree is folded. However, if you leave at
|
||
least two empty lines, one empty line will remain visible after folding
|
||
the subtree, in order to structure the collapsed view. See the
|
||
variable @code{org-cycle-separator-lines} to modify this behavior.
|
||
|
||
@node Visibility cycling
|
||
@section Visibility cycling
|
||
@cindex cycling, visibility
|
||
@cindex visibility cycling
|
||
@cindex trees, visibility
|
||
@cindex show hidden text
|
||
@cindex hide text
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Global and local cycling:: Cycling through various visibility states
|
||
* Initial visibility:: Setting the initial visibility state
|
||
* Catching invisible edits:: Preventing mistakes when editing invisible parts
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Global and local cycling
|
||
@subsection Global and local cycling
|
||
|
||
Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
|
||
Org uses just two commands, bound to @key{TAB} and
|
||
@kbd{S-@key{TAB}} to change the visibility in the buffer.
|
||
|
||
@cindex subtree visibility states
|
||
@cindex subtree cycling
|
||
@cindex folded, subtree visibility state
|
||
@cindex children, subtree visibility state
|
||
@cindex subtree, subtree visibility state
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{@key{TAB},org-cycle}
|
||
@emph{Subtree cycling}: Rotate current subtree among the states
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
|
||
'-----------------------------------'
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-cycle-emulate-tab
|
||
@vindex org-cycle-global-at-bob
|
||
The cursor must be on a headline for this to work@footnote{see, however,
|
||
the option @code{org-cycle-emulate-tab}.}. When the cursor is at the
|
||
beginning of the buffer and the first line is not a headline, then
|
||
@key{TAB} actually runs global cycling (see below)@footnote{see the
|
||
option @code{org-cycle-global-at-bob}.}. Also when called with a prefix
|
||
argument (@kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}), global cycling is invoked.
|
||
|
||
@cindex global visibility states
|
||
@cindex global cycling
|
||
@cindex overview, global visibility state
|
||
@cindex contents, global visibility state
|
||
@cindex show all, global visibility state
|
||
@orgcmd{S-@key{TAB},org-global-cycle}
|
||
@itemx C-u @key{TAB}
|
||
@emph{Global cycling}: Rotate the entire buffer among the states
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
|
||
'--------------------------------------'
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
When @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} is called with a numeric prefix argument N, the
|
||
CONTENTS view up to headlines of level N will be shown. Note that inside
|
||
tables, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} jumps to the previous field.
|
||
|
||
@cindex set startup visibility, command
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-u @key{TAB},org-set-startup-visibility}
|
||
Switch back to the startup visibility of the buffer (@pxref{Initial visibility}).
|
||
@cindex show all, command
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-u C-u @key{TAB},outline-show-all}
|
||
Show all, including drawers.
|
||
@cindex revealing context
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-r,org-reveal}
|
||
Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the following heading
|
||
and the hierarchy above. Useful for working near a location that has been
|
||
exposed by a sparse tree command (@pxref{Sparse trees}) or an agenda command
|
||
(@pxref{Agenda commands}). With a prefix argument show, on each
|
||
level, all sibling headings. With a double prefix argument, also show the
|
||
entire subtree of the parent.
|
||
@cindex show branches, command
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-k,outline-show-branches}
|
||
Expose all the headings of the subtree, CONTENT view for just one subtree.
|
||
@cindex show children, command
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c @key{TAB},outline-show-children}
|
||
Expose all direct children of the subtree. With a numeric prefix argument N,
|
||
expose all children down to level N@.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x b,org-tree-to-indirect-buffer}
|
||
Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer@footnote{The indirect buffer
|
||
(@pxref{Indirect Buffers,,,emacs,GNU Emacs Manual}) will contain the entire
|
||
buffer, but will be narrowed to the current tree. Editing the indirect
|
||
buffer will also change the original buffer, but without affecting visibility
|
||
in that buffer.}. With a numeric prefix argument N, go up to level N and
|
||
then take that tree. If N is negative then go up that many levels. With a
|
||
@kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect buffer.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x v,org-copy-visible}
|
||
Copy the @i{visible} text in the region into the kill ring.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Initial visibility
|
||
@subsection Initial visibility
|
||
|
||
@cindex visibility, initialize
|
||
@vindex org-startup-folded
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-inhibit-startup
|
||
@cindex @code{overview}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{content}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{showall}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{showeverything}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
|
||
When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to OVERVIEW,
|
||
i.e., only the top level headlines are visible@footnote{When
|
||
@code{org-agenda-inhibit-startup} is non-@code{nil}, Org will not honor the default
|
||
visibility state when first opening a file for the agenda (@pxref{Speeding up
|
||
your agendas}).}. This can be configured through the variable
|
||
@code{org-startup-folded}, or on a per-file basis by adding one of the
|
||
following lines anywhere in the buffer:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: overview
|
||
#+STARTUP: content
|
||
#+STARTUP: showall
|
||
#+STARTUP: showeverything
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, VISIBILITY
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Furthermore, any entries with a @samp{VISIBILITY} property (@pxref{Properties
|
||
and columns}) will get their visibility adapted accordingly. Allowed values
|
||
for this property are @code{folded}, @code{children}, @code{content}, and
|
||
@code{all}.
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-u @key{TAB},org-set-startup-visibility}
|
||
Switch back to the startup visibility of the buffer, i.e., whatever is
|
||
requested by startup options and @samp{VISIBILITY} properties in individual
|
||
entries.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Catching invisible edits
|
||
@subsection Catching invisible edits
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-catch-invisible-edits
|
||
@cindex edits, catching invisible
|
||
Sometimes you may inadvertently edit an invisible part of the buffer and be
|
||
confused on what has been edited and how to undo the mistake. Setting
|
||
@code{org-catch-invisible-edits} to non-@code{nil} will help prevent this. See the
|
||
docstring of this option on how Org should catch invisible edits and process
|
||
them.
|
||
|
||
@node Motion
|
||
@section Motion
|
||
@cindex motion, between headlines
|
||
@cindex jumping, to headlines
|
||
@cindex headline navigation
|
||
The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-n,org-next-visible-heading}
|
||
Next heading.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-p,org-previous-visible-heading}
|
||
Previous heading.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-f,org-forward-same-level}
|
||
Next heading same level.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-b,org-backward-same-level}
|
||
Previous heading same level.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-u,outline-up-heading}
|
||
Backward to higher level heading.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-j,org-goto}
|
||
Jump to a different place without changing the current outline
|
||
visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer, where
|
||
you can use the following keys to find your destination:
|
||
@vindex org-goto-auto-isearch
|
||
@example
|
||
@key{TAB} @r{Cycle visibility.}
|
||
@key{down} / @key{up} @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
|
||
@key{RET} @r{Select this location.}
|
||
@kbd{/} @r{Do a Sparse-tree search}
|
||
@r{The following keys work if you turn off @code{org-goto-auto-isearch}}
|
||
n / p @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
|
||
f / b @r{Next/previous headline same level.}
|
||
u @r{One level up.}
|
||
0-9 @r{Digit argument.}
|
||
q @r{Quit}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@vindex org-goto-interface
|
||
@noindent
|
||
See also the option @code{org-goto-interface}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Structure editing
|
||
@section Structure editing
|
||
@cindex structure editing
|
||
@cindex headline, promotion and demotion
|
||
@cindex promotion, of subtrees
|
||
@cindex demotion, of subtrees
|
||
@cindex subtree, cut and paste
|
||
@cindex pasting, of subtrees
|
||
@cindex cutting, of subtrees
|
||
@cindex copying, of subtrees
|
||
@cindex sorting, of subtrees
|
||
@cindex subtrees, cut and paste
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{RET},org-meta-return}
|
||
@vindex org-M-RET-may-split-line
|
||
Insert a new heading, item or row.
|
||
|
||
If the command is used at the @emph{beginning} of a line, and if there is
|
||
a heading or a plain list item (@pxref{Plain lists}) at point, the new
|
||
heading/item is created @emph{before} the current line. When used at the
|
||
beginning of a regular line of text, turn that line into a heading.
|
||
|
||
When this command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split and the
|
||
rest of the line becomes the new item or headline. If you do not want the
|
||
line to be split, customize @code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}.
|
||
|
||
Calling the command with a @kbd{C-u} prefix unconditionally inserts a new
|
||
heading at the end of the current subtree, thus preserving its contents.
|
||
With a double @kbd{C-u C-u} prefix, the new heading is created at the end of
|
||
the parent subtree instead.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-@key{RET},org-insert-heading-respect-content}
|
||
Insert a new heading at the end of the current subtree.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{RET},org-insert-todo-heading}
|
||
@vindex org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change
|
||
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. See also the
|
||
variable @code{org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-S-@key{RET},org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content}
|
||
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. Like
|
||
@kbd{C-@key{RET}}, the new headline will be inserted after the current
|
||
subtree.
|
||
@orgcmd{@key{TAB},org-cycle}
|
||
In a new entry with no text yet, the first @key{TAB} demotes the entry to
|
||
become a child of the previous one. The next @key{TAB} makes it a parent,
|
||
and so on, all the way to top level. Yet another @key{TAB}, and you are back
|
||
to the initial level.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{left},org-do-promote}
|
||
Promote current heading by one level.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{right},org-do-demote}
|
||
Demote current heading by one level.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{left},org-promote-subtree}
|
||
Promote the current subtree by one level.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{right},org-demote-subtree}
|
||
Demote the current subtree by one level.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{up},org-move-subtree-up}
|
||
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same
|
||
level).
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{down},org-move-subtree-down}
|
||
Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level).
|
||
@orgcmd{M-h,org-mark-element}
|
||
Mark the element at point. Hitting repeatedly will mark subsequent elements
|
||
of the one just marked. E.g., hitting @key{M-h} on a paragraph will mark it,
|
||
hitting @key{M-h} immediately again will mark the next one.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c @@,org-mark-subtree}
|
||
Mark the subtree at point. Hitting repeatedly will mark subsequent subtrees
|
||
of the same level than the marked subtree.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-w,org-cut-subtree}
|
||
Kill subtree, i.e., remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
|
||
With a numeric prefix argument N, kill N sequential subtrees.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x M-w,org-copy-subtree}
|
||
Copy subtree to kill ring. With a numeric prefix argument N, copy the N
|
||
sequential subtrees.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-y,org-paste-subtree}
|
||
Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the subtree to
|
||
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. The yank level can
|
||
also be specified with a numeric prefix argument, or by yanking after a
|
||
headline marker like @samp{****}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-y,org-yank}
|
||
@vindex org-yank-adjusted-subtrees
|
||
@vindex org-yank-folded-subtrees
|
||
Depending on the options @code{org-yank-adjusted-subtrees} and
|
||
@code{org-yank-folded-subtrees}, Org's internal @code{yank} command will
|
||
paste subtrees folded and in a clever way, using the same command as @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-x C-y}. With the default settings, no level adjustment will take place,
|
||
but the yanked tree will be folded unless doing so would swallow text
|
||
previously visible. Any prefix argument to this command will force a normal
|
||
@code{yank} to be executed, with the prefix passed along. A good way to
|
||
force a normal yank is @kbd{C-u C-y}. If you use @code{yank-pop} after a
|
||
yank, it will yank previous kill items plainly, without adjustment and
|
||
folding.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x c,org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift}
|
||
Clone a subtree by making a number of sibling copies of it. You will be
|
||
prompted for the number of copies to make, and you can also specify if any
|
||
timestamps in the entry should be shifted. This can be useful, for example,
|
||
to create a number of tasks related to a series of lectures to prepare. For
|
||
more details, see the docstring of the command
|
||
@code{org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-w,org-refile}
|
||
Refile entry or region to a different location. @xref{Refile and copy}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ^,org-sort}
|
||
Sort same-level entries. When there is an active region, all entries in the
|
||
region will be sorted. Otherwise the children of the current headline are
|
||
sorted. The command prompts for the sorting method, which can be
|
||
alphabetically, numerically, by time (first timestamp with active preferred,
|
||
creation time, scheduled time, deadline time), by priority, by TODO keyword
|
||
(in the sequence the keywords have been defined in the setup) or by the value
|
||
of a property. Reverse sorting is possible as well. You can also supply
|
||
your own function to extract the sorting key. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix,
|
||
sorting will be case-sensitive.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-x n s,org-narrow-to-subtree}
|
||
Narrow buffer to current subtree.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-x n b,org-narrow-to-block}
|
||
Narrow buffer to current block.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-x n w,widen}
|
||
Widen buffer to remove narrowing.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c *,org-toggle-heading}
|
||
Turn a normal line or plain list item into a headline (so that it becomes a
|
||
subheading at its location). Also turn a headline into a normal line by
|
||
removing the stars. If there is an active region, turn all lines in the
|
||
region into headlines. If the first line in the region was an item, turn
|
||
only the item lines into headlines. Finally, if the first line is a
|
||
headline, remove the stars from all headlines in the region.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@cindex region, active
|
||
@cindex active region
|
||
@cindex transient mark mode
|
||
When there is an active region (Transient Mark mode), promotion and
|
||
demotion work on all headlines in the region. To select a region of
|
||
headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of a
|
||
line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the line
|
||
just after the last headline to change. Note that when the cursor is
|
||
inside a table (@pxref{Tables}), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
|
||
functionality.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Sparse trees
|
||
@section Sparse trees
|
||
@cindex sparse trees
|
||
@cindex trees, sparse
|
||
@cindex folding, sparse trees
|
||
@cindex occur, command
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-show-context-detail
|
||
An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct @emph{sparse
|
||
trees} for selected information in an outline tree, so that the entire
|
||
document is folded as much as possible, but the selected information is made
|
||
visible along with the headline structure above it@footnote{See also the
|
||
variable @code{org-show-context-detail} to decide how much context is shown
|
||
around each match.}. Just try it out and you will see immediately how it
|
||
works.
|
||
|
||
Org mode contains several commands for creating such trees, all these
|
||
commands can be accessed through a dispatcher:
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c /,org-sparse-tree}
|
||
This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating command.
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c / r,C-c / /,org-occur}
|
||
@vindex org-remove-highlights-with-change
|
||
Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all matches. If
|
||
the match is in a headline, the headline is made visible. If the match is in
|
||
the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible. In order to
|
||
provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of headlines above the match
|
||
is shown, as well as the headline following the match. Each match is also
|
||
highlighted; the highlights disappear when the buffer is changed by an
|
||
editing command@footnote{This depends on the option
|
||
@code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}}, or by pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
||
When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, previous highlights are kept,
|
||
so several calls to this command can be stacked.
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{M-g n,M-g M-n,next-error}
|
||
Jump to the next sparse tree match in this buffer.
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{M-g p,M-g M-p,previous-error}
|
||
Jump to the previous sparse tree match in this buffer.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
|
||
use the option @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast
|
||
keyboard access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
|
||
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent will define the key @kbd{C-c a f} as a shortcut for creating
|
||
a sparse tree matching the string @samp{FIXME}.
|
||
|
||
The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO keywords,
|
||
tags, or properties and will be discussed later in this manual.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-e C-v
|
||
@cindex printing sparse trees
|
||
@cindex visible text, printing
|
||
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
|
||
@code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} which does not print invisible parts of the
|
||
document. Or you can use @kbd{C-c C-e C-v} to export only the visible part
|
||
of the document and print the resulting file.
|
||
|
||
@node Plain lists
|
||
@section Plain lists
|
||
@cindex plain lists
|
||
@cindex lists, plain
|
||
@cindex lists, ordered
|
||
@cindex ordered lists
|
||
|
||
Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide
|
||
additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of checkboxes
|
||
(@pxref{Checkboxes}). Org supports editing such lists, and every exporter
|
||
(@pxref{Exporting}) can parse and format them.
|
||
|
||
Org knows ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists.
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
@emph{Unordered} list items start with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or
|
||
@samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a bullet, lines must be indented or
|
||
they will be seen as top-level headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading
|
||
stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with a star may
|
||
be hard to distinguish from true headlines. In short: even though @samp{*}
|
||
is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list items.} as
|
||
bullets.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator
|
||
@vindex org-list-allow-alphabetical
|
||
@emph{Ordered} list items start with a numeral followed by either a period or
|
||
a right parenthesis@footnote{You can filter out any of them by configuring
|
||
@code{org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator}.}, such as @samp{1.} or
|
||
@samp{1)}@footnote{You can also get @samp{a.}, @samp{A.}, @samp{a)} and
|
||
@samp{A)} by configuring @code{org-list-allow-alphabetical}. To minimize
|
||
confusion with normal text, those are limited to one character only. Beyond
|
||
that limit, bullets will automatically fallback to numbers.}. If you want a
|
||
list to start with a different value (e.g., 20), start the text of the item
|
||
with @code{[@@20]}@footnote{If there's a checkbox in the item, the cookie
|
||
must be put @emph{before} the checkbox. If you have activated alphabetical
|
||
lists, you can also use counters like @code{[@@b]}.}. Those constructs can
|
||
be used in any item of the list in order to enforce a particular numbering.
|
||
@item
|
||
@emph{Description} list items are unordered list items, and contain the
|
||
separator @samp{ :: } to distinguish the description @emph{term} from the
|
||
description.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
Items belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the first
|
||
line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, then the
|
||
2--digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other numbers in the
|
||
list. An item ends before the next line that is less or equally indented
|
||
than its bullet/number.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-list-empty-line-terminates-plain-lists
|
||
A list ends whenever every item has ended, which means before any line less
|
||
or equally indented than items at top level. It also ends before two blank
|
||
lines@footnote{See also @code{org-list-empty-line-terminates-plain-lists}.}.
|
||
In that case, all items are closed. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
** Lord of the Rings
|
||
My favorite scenes are (in this order)
|
||
1. The attack of the Rohirrim
|
||
2. Eowyn's fight with the witch king
|
||
+ this was already my favorite scene in the book
|
||
+ I really like Miranda Otto.
|
||
3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
|
||
- on DVD only
|
||
He makes a really funny face when it happens.
|
||
But in the end, no individual scenes matter but the film as a whole.
|
||
Important actors in this film are:
|
||
- @b{Elijah Wood} :: He plays Frodo
|
||
- @b{Sean Astin} :: He plays Sam, Frodo's friend. I still remember
|
||
him very well from his role as Mikey Walsh in @i{The Goonies}.
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Org supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands to deal with
|
||
them correctly, and by exporting them properly (@pxref{Exporting}). Since
|
||
indentation is what governs the structure of these lists, many structural
|
||
constructs like @code{#+BEGIN_...} blocks can be indented to signal that they
|
||
belong to a particular item.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-list-demote-modify-bullet
|
||
@vindex org-list-indent-offset
|
||
If you find that using a different bullet for a sub-list (than that used for
|
||
the current list-level) improves readability, customize the variable
|
||
@code{org-list-demote-modify-bullet}. To get a greater difference of
|
||
indentation between items and their sub-items, customize
|
||
@code{org-list-indent-offset}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-list-automatic-rules
|
||
The following commands act on items when the cursor is in the first line of
|
||
an item (the line with the bullet or number). Some of them imply the
|
||
application of automatic rules to keep list structure intact. If some of
|
||
these actions get in your way, configure @code{org-list-automatic-rules}
|
||
to disable them individually.
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{@key{TAB},org-cycle}
|
||
@cindex cycling, in plain lists
|
||
@vindex org-cycle-include-plain-lists
|
||
Items can be folded just like headline levels. Normally this works only if
|
||
the cursor is on a plain list item. For more details, see the variable
|
||
@code{org-cycle-include-plain-lists}. If this variable is set to
|
||
@code{integrate}, plain list items will be treated like low-level
|
||
headlines. The level of an item is then given by the indentation of the
|
||
bullet/number. Items are always subordinate to real headlines, however; the
|
||
hierarchies remain completely separated. In a new item with no text yet, the
|
||
first @key{TAB} demotes the item to become a child of the previous
|
||
one. Subsequent @key{TAB}s move the item to meaningful levels in the list
|
||
and eventually get it back to its initial position.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{RET},org-insert-heading}
|
||
@vindex org-M-RET-may-split-line
|
||
@vindex org-list-automatic-rules
|
||
Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force a new
|
||
heading (@pxref{Structure editing}). If this command is used in the middle
|
||
of an item, that item is @emph{split} in two, and the second part becomes the
|
||
new item@footnote{If you do not want the item to be split, customize the
|
||
variable @code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}.}. If this command is executed
|
||
@emph{before item's body}, the new item is created @emph{before} the current
|
||
one.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
|
||
@item M-S-@key{RET}
|
||
Insert a new item with a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}).
|
||
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
||
@item S-up
|
||
@itemx S-down
|
||
@cindex shift-selection-mode
|
||
@vindex org-support-shift-select
|
||
@vindex org-list-use-circular-motion
|
||
Jump to the previous/next item in the current list@footnote{If you want to
|
||
cycle around items that way, you may customize
|
||
@code{org-list-use-circular-motion}.}, but only if
|
||
@code{org-support-shift-select} is off. If not, you can still use paragraph
|
||
jumping commands like @kbd{C-@key{up}} and @kbd{C-@key{down}} to quite
|
||
similar effect.
|
||
@kindex M-@key{up}
|
||
@kindex M-@key{down}
|
||
@item M-up
|
||
@itemx M-down
|
||
Move the item including subitems up/down@footnote{See
|
||
@code{org-list-use-circular-motion} for a cyclic behavior.} (swap with
|
||
previous/next item of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering
|
||
is automatic.
|
||
@kindex M-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex M-@key{right}
|
||
@item M-left
|
||
@itemx M-right
|
||
Decrease/increase the indentation of an item, leaving children alone.
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
|
||
@item M-S-@key{left}
|
||
@itemx M-S-@key{right}
|
||
Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems.
|
||
Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation. When
|
||
these commands are executed several times in direct succession, the initially
|
||
selected region is used, even if the new indentation would imply a different
|
||
hierarchy. To use the new hierarchy, break the command chain with a cursor
|
||
motion or so.
|
||
|
||
As a special case, using this command on the very first item of a list will
|
||
move the whole list. This behavior can be disabled by configuring
|
||
@code{org-list-automatic-rules}. The global indentation of a list has no
|
||
influence on the text @emph{after} the list.
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@item C-c C-c
|
||
If there is a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle the
|
||
state of the checkbox. In any case, verify bullets and indentation
|
||
consistency in the whole list.
|
||
@kindex C-c -
|
||
@vindex org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator
|
||
@item C-c -
|
||
Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate bullets
|
||
(@samp{-}, @samp{+}, @samp{*}, @samp{1.}, @samp{1)}) or a subset of them,
|
||
depending on @code{org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator}, the type of list,
|
||
and its indentation. With a numeric prefix argument N, select the Nth bullet
|
||
from this list. If there is an active region when calling this, all selected
|
||
lines are converted to list items. With a prefix argument, selected text is
|
||
changed into a single item. If the first line already was a list item, any
|
||
item marker will be removed from the list. Finally, even without an active
|
||
region, a normal line will be converted into a list item.
|
||
@kindex C-c *
|
||
@item C-c *
|
||
Turn a plain list item into a headline (so that it becomes a subheading at
|
||
its location). @xref{Structure editing}, for a detailed explanation.
|
||
@kindex C-c C-*
|
||
@item C-c C-*
|
||
Turn the whole plain list into a subtree of the current heading. Checkboxes
|
||
(@pxref{Checkboxes}) will become TODO (resp. DONE) keywords when unchecked
|
||
(resp. checked).
|
||
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
||
@item S-left/right
|
||
@vindex org-support-shift-select
|
||
This command also cycles bullet styles when the cursor in on the bullet or
|
||
anywhere in an item line, details depending on
|
||
@code{org-support-shift-select}.
|
||
@kindex C-c ^
|
||
@cindex sorting, of plain list
|
||
@item C-c ^
|
||
Sort the plain list. You will be prompted for the sorting method:
|
||
numerically, alphabetically, by time, by checked status for check lists,
|
||
or by a custom function.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Drawers
|
||
@section Drawers
|
||
@cindex drawers
|
||
@cindex visibility cycling, drawers
|
||
|
||
@cindex org-insert-drawer
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x d
|
||
Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but you
|
||
normally don't want to see it. For this, Org mode has @emph{drawers}. They
|
||
can contain anything but a headline and another drawer. Drawers look like
|
||
this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
** This is a headline
|
||
Still outside the drawer
|
||
:DRAWERNAME:
|
||
This is inside the drawer.
|
||
:END:
|
||
After the drawer.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
You can interactively insert drawers at point by calling
|
||
@code{org-insert-drawer}, which is bound to @key{C-c C-x d}. With an active
|
||
region, this command will put the region inside the drawer. With a prefix
|
||
argument, this command calls @code{org-insert-property-drawer} and add
|
||
a property drawer right below the current headline. Completion over drawer
|
||
keywords is also possible using @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}@footnote{Many desktops
|
||
intercept @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows. Use @kbd{C-M-i} or
|
||
@kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} instead for completion (@pxref{Completion}).}.
|
||
|
||
Visibility cycling (@pxref{Visibility cycling}) on the headline will hide and
|
||
show the entry, but keep the drawer collapsed to a single line. In order to
|
||
look inside the drawer, you need to move the cursor to the drawer line and
|
||
press @key{TAB} there. Org mode uses the @code{PROPERTIES} drawer for
|
||
storing properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}), and you can also arrange
|
||
for state change notes (@pxref{Tracking TODO state changes}) and clock times
|
||
(@pxref{Clocking work time}) to be stored in a drawer @code{LOGBOOK}. If you
|
||
want to store a quick note in the LOGBOOK drawer, in a similar way to state
|
||
changes, use
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c C-z
|
||
@item C-c C-z
|
||
Add a time-stamped note to the LOGBOOK drawer.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-drawers
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-properties
|
||
You can select the name of the drawers which should be exported with
|
||
@code{org-export-with-drawers}. In that case, drawer contents will appear in
|
||
export output. Property drawers are not affected by this variable: configure
|
||
@code{org-export-with-properties} instead.
|
||
|
||
@node Blocks
|
||
@section Blocks
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-hide-block-startup
|
||
@cindex blocks, folding
|
||
Org mode uses begin...end blocks for various purposes from including source
|
||
code examples (@pxref{Literal examples}) to capturing time logging
|
||
information (@pxref{Clocking work time}). These blocks can be folded and
|
||
unfolded by pressing TAB in the begin line. You can also get all blocks
|
||
folded at startup by configuring the option @code{org-hide-block-startup}
|
||
or on a per-file basis by using
|
||
|
||
@cindex @code{hideblocks}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nohideblocks}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: hideblocks
|
||
#+STARTUP: nohideblocks
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Footnotes
|
||
@section Footnotes
|
||
@cindex footnotes
|
||
|
||
Org mode supports the creation of footnotes.
|
||
|
||
A footnote is started by a footnote marker in square brackets in column 0, no
|
||
indentation allowed. It ends at the next footnote definition, headline, or
|
||
after two consecutive empty lines. The footnote reference is simply the
|
||
marker in square brackets, inside text. Markers always start with
|
||
@code{fn:}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
The Org homepage[fn:1] now looks a lot better than it used to.
|
||
...
|
||
[fn:1] The link is: http://orgmode.org
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Org mode extends the number-based syntax to @emph{named} footnotes and
|
||
optional inline definition. Here are the valid references:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item [fn:name]
|
||
A named footnote reference, where @code{name} is a unique label word, or, for
|
||
simplicity of automatic creation, a number.
|
||
@item [fn::This is the inline definition of this footnote]
|
||
A @LaTeX{}-like anonymous footnote where the definition is given directly at the
|
||
reference point.
|
||
@item [fn:name:a definition]
|
||
An inline definition of a footnote, which also specifies a name for the note.
|
||
Since Org allows multiple references to the same note, you can then use
|
||
@code{[fn:name]} to create additional references.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-auto-label
|
||
Footnote labels can be created automatically, or you can create names yourself.
|
||
This is handled by the variable @code{org-footnote-auto-label} and its
|
||
corresponding @code{#+STARTUP} keywords. See the docstring of that variable
|
||
for details.
|
||
|
||
@noindent The following command handles footnotes:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x f
|
||
@item C-c C-x f
|
||
The footnote action command.
|
||
|
||
When the cursor is on a footnote reference, jump to the definition. When it
|
||
is at a definition, jump to the (first) reference.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-define-inline
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-section
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-auto-adjust
|
||
Otherwise, create a new footnote. Depending on the option
|
||
@code{org-footnote-define-inline}@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
|
||
setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: fninline} or @code{#+STARTUP: nofninline}}, the
|
||
definition will be placed right into the text as part of the reference, or
|
||
separately into the location determined by the option
|
||
@code{org-footnote-section}.
|
||
|
||
When this command is called with a prefix argument, a menu of additional
|
||
options is offered:
|
||
@example
|
||
s @r{Sort the footnote definitions by reference sequence. During editing,}
|
||
@r{Org makes no effort to sort footnote definitions into a particular}
|
||
@r{sequence. If you want them sorted, use this command, which will}
|
||
@r{also move entries according to @code{org-footnote-section}. Automatic}
|
||
@r{sorting after each insertion/deletion can be configured using the}
|
||
@r{option @code{org-footnote-auto-adjust}.}
|
||
r @r{Renumber the simple @code{fn:N} footnotes. Automatic renumbering}
|
||
@r{after each insertion/deletion can be configured using the option}
|
||
@r{@code{org-footnote-auto-adjust}.}
|
||
S @r{Short for first @code{r}, then @code{s} action.}
|
||
n @r{Normalize the footnotes by collecting all definitions (including}
|
||
@r{inline definitions) into a special section, and then numbering them}
|
||
@r{in sequence. The references will then also be numbers.}
|
||
d @r{Delete the footnote at point, and all definitions of and references}
|
||
@r{to it.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
Depending on the variable @code{org-footnote-auto-adjust}@footnote{the
|
||
corresponding in-buffer options are @code{fnadjust} and @code{nofnadjust}.},
|
||
renumbering and sorting footnotes can be automatic after each insertion or
|
||
deletion.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@item C-c C-c
|
||
If the cursor is on a footnote reference, jump to the definition. If it is a
|
||
the definition, jump back to the reference. When called at a footnote
|
||
location with a prefix argument, offer the same menu as @kbd{C-c C-x f}.
|
||
@kindex C-c C-o
|
||
@kindex mouse-1
|
||
@kindex mouse-2
|
||
@item C-c C-o @r{or} mouse-1/2
|
||
Footnote labels are also links to the corresponding definition/reference, and
|
||
you can use the usual commands to follow these links.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-edit-footnote-reference
|
||
@kindex C-c '
|
||
@item C-c '
|
||
@item C-c '
|
||
Edit the footnote definition corresponding to the reference at point in
|
||
a seperate window. The window can be closed by pressing @kbd{C-c '}.
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Orgstruct mode
|
||
@section The Orgstruct minor mode
|
||
@cindex Orgstruct mode
|
||
@cindex minor mode for structure editing
|
||
|
||
If you like the intuitive way the Org mode structure editing and list
|
||
formatting works, you might want to use these commands in other modes like
|
||
Text mode or Mail mode as well. The minor mode @code{orgstruct-mode} makes
|
||
this possible. Toggle the mode with @kbd{M-x orgstruct-mode RET}, or
|
||
turn it on by default, for example in Message mode, with one of:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgstruct)
|
||
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgstruct++)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
When this mode is active and the cursor is on a line that looks to Org like a
|
||
headline or the first line of a list item, most structure editing commands
|
||
will work, even if the same keys normally have different functionality in the
|
||
major mode you are using. If the cursor is not in one of those special
|
||
lines, Orgstruct mode lurks silently in the shadows.
|
||
|
||
When you use @code{orgstruct++-mode}, Org will also export indentation and
|
||
autofill settings into that mode, and detect item context after the first
|
||
line of an item.
|
||
|
||
@vindex orgstruct-heading-prefix-regexp
|
||
You can also use Org structure editing to fold and unfold headlines in
|
||
@emph{any} file, provided you defined @code{orgstruct-heading-prefix-regexp}:
|
||
the regular expression must match the local prefix to use before Org's
|
||
headlines. For example, if you set this variable to @code{";; "} in Emacs
|
||
Lisp files, you will be able to fold and unfold headlines in Emacs Lisp
|
||
commented lines. Some commands like @code{org-demote} are disabled when the
|
||
prefix is set, but folding/unfolding will work correctly.
|
||
|
||
@node Org syntax
|
||
@section Org syntax
|
||
@cindex Org syntax
|
||
|
||
A reference document providing a formal description of Org's syntax is
|
||
available as @uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-syntax.html, a draft on
|
||
Worg}, written and maintained by Nicolas Goaziou. It defines Org's core
|
||
internal concepts such as @code{headlines}, @code{sections}, @code{affiliated
|
||
keywords}, @code{(greater) elements} and @code{objects}. Each part of an Org
|
||
file falls into one of the categories above.
|
||
|
||
To explore the abstract structure of an Org buffer, run this in a buffer:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
M-: (org-element-parse-buffer) RET
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
It will output a list containing the buffer's content represented as an
|
||
abstract structure. The export engine relies on the information stored in
|
||
this list. Most interactive commands (e.g., for structure editing) also
|
||
rely on the syntactic meaning of the surrounding context.
|
||
|
||
@cindex syntax checker
|
||
@cindex linter
|
||
You can check syntax in your documents using @code{org-lint} command.
|
||
|
||
@node Tables
|
||
@chapter Tables
|
||
@cindex tables
|
||
@cindex editing tables
|
||
|
||
Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like
|
||
calculations are supported using the Emacs @file{calc} package
|
||
(@pxref{Top, Calc, , calc, Gnu Emacs Calculator Manual}).
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
|
||
* Column width and alignment:: Overrule the automatic settings
|
||
* Column groups:: Grouping to trigger vertical lines
|
||
* Orgtbl mode:: The table editor as minor mode
|
||
* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities
|
||
* Org-Plot:: Plotting from org tables
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Built-in table editor
|
||
@section The built-in table editor
|
||
@cindex table editor, built-in
|
||
|
||
Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII@. Any line with @samp{|} as
|
||
the first non-whitespace character is considered part of a table. @samp{|}
|
||
is also the column separator@footnote{To insert a vertical bar into a table
|
||
field, use @code{\vert} or, inside a word @code{abc\vert@{@}def}.}. A table
|
||
might look like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
| Name | Phone | Age |
|
||
|-------+-------+-----|
|
||
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
|
||
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press @key{TAB} or
|
||
@key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} inside the table. @key{TAB} also moves to
|
||
the next field (@key{RET} to the next row) and creates new table rows
|
||
at the end of the table or before horizontal lines. The indentation
|
||
of the table is set by the first line. Any line starting with
|
||
@samp{|-} is considered as a horizontal separator line and will be
|
||
expanded on the next re-align to span the whole table width. So, to
|
||
create the above table, you would only type
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
|Name|Phone|Age|
|
||
|-
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent and then press @key{TAB} to align the table and start filling in
|
||
fields. Even faster would be to type @code{|Name|Phone|Age} followed by
|
||
@kbd{C-c @key{RET}}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-enable-table-editor
|
||
@vindex org-table-auto-blank-field
|
||
When typing text into a field, Org treats @key{DEL},
|
||
@key{Backspace}, and all character keys in a special way, so that
|
||
inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when
|
||
typing @emph{immediately after the cursor was moved into a new field
|
||
with @kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}}}, the
|
||
field is automatically made blank. If this behavior is too
|
||
unpredictable for you, configure the options
|
||
@code{org-enable-table-editor} and @code{org-table-auto-blank-field}.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c |,org-table-create-or-convert-from-region}
|
||
Convert the active region to a table. If every line contains at least one
|
||
TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab separated.
|
||
If every line contains a comma, comma-separated values (CSV) are assumed.
|
||
If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields. You can use a prefix
|
||
argument to force a specific separator: @kbd{C-u} forces CSV, @kbd{C-u
|
||
C-u} forces TAB, @kbd{C-u C-u C-u} will prompt for a regular expression to
|
||
match the separator, and a numeric argument N indicates that at least N
|
||
consecutive spaces, or alternatively a TAB will be the separator.
|
||
@*
|
||
If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org
|
||
table. But it is easier just to start typing, like
|
||
@kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c,org-table-align}
|
||
Re-align the table and don't move to another field.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c SPC,org-table-blank-field}
|
||
Blank the field at point.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{TAB,org-table-next-field}
|
||
Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if
|
||
necessary.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{S-@key{TAB},org-table-previous-field}
|
||
Re-align, move to previous field.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{@key{RET},org-table-next-row}
|
||
Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if
|
||
necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, @key{RET} still does
|
||
NEWLINE, so it can be used to split a table.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-a,org-table-beginning-of-field}
|
||
Move to beginning of the current table field, or on to the previous field.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-e,org-table-end-of-field}
|
||
Move to end of the current table field, or on to the next field.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Column and row editing}
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{M-@key{left},M-@key{right},org-table-move-column-left,org-table-move-column-right}
|
||
Move the current column left/right.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{left},org-table-delete-column}
|
||
Kill the current column.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{right},org-table-insert-column}
|
||
Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{M-@key{up},M-@key{down},org-table-move-row-up,org-table-move-row-down}
|
||
Move the current row up/down.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{up},org-table-kill-row}
|
||
Kill the current row or horizontal line.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{down},org-table-insert-row}
|
||
Insert a new row above the current row. With a prefix argument, the line is
|
||
created below the current one.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c -,org-table-insert-hline}
|
||
Insert a horizontal line below current row. With a prefix argument, the line
|
||
is created above the current line.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c @key{RET},org-table-hline-and-move}
|
||
Insert a horizontal line below current row, and move the cursor into the row
|
||
below that line.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ^,org-table-sort-lines}
|
||
Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates the
|
||
column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the range
|
||
between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire table. If
|
||
point is before the first column, you will be prompted for the sorting
|
||
column. If there is an active region, the mark specifies the first line
|
||
and the sorting column, while point should be in the last line to be
|
||
included into the sorting. The command prompts for the sorting type
|
||
(alphabetically, numerically, or by time). You can sort in normal or
|
||
reverse order. You can also supply your own key extraction and comparison
|
||
functions. When called with a prefix argument, alphabetic sorting will be
|
||
case-sensitive.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Regions}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x M-w,org-table-copy-region}
|
||
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard. Point and
|
||
mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. If there is no active region,
|
||
copy just the current field. The process ignores horizontal separator lines.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-w,org-table-cut-region}
|
||
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
|
||
blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the ``cut'' operation.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-y,org-table-paste-rectangle}
|
||
Paste a rectangular region into a table.
|
||
The upper left corner ends up in the current field. All involved fields
|
||
will be overwritten. If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
|
||
the table is enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal separator
|
||
lines.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{RET},org-table-wrap-region}
|
||
Split the current field at the cursor position and move the rest to the line
|
||
below. If there is an active region, and both point and mark are in the same
|
||
column, the text in the column is wrapped to minimum width for the given
|
||
number of lines. A numeric prefix argument may be used to change the number
|
||
of desired lines. If there is no region, but you specify a prefix argument,
|
||
the current field is made blank, and the content is appended to the field
|
||
above.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Calculations}
|
||
@cindex formula, in tables
|
||
@cindex calculations, in tables
|
||
@cindex region, active
|
||
@cindex active region
|
||
@cindex transient mark mode
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c +,org-table-sum}
|
||
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined by
|
||
the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can
|
||
be inserted with @kbd{C-y}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{S-@key{RET},org-table-copy-down}
|
||
@vindex org-table-copy-increment
|
||
When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above. When not
|
||
empty, copy current field down to next row and move cursor along with it.
|
||
Depending on the option @code{org-table-copy-increment}, integer field
|
||
values will be incremented during copy. Integers that are too large will not
|
||
be incremented. Also, a @code{0} prefix argument temporarily disables the
|
||
increment. This key is also used by shift-selection and related modes
|
||
(@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Miscellaneous}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c `,org-table-edit-field}
|
||
Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for fields that
|
||
are not fully visible (@pxref{Column width and alignment}). When called with
|
||
a @kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that it can be
|
||
edited in place. When called with two @kbd{C-u} prefixes, make the editor
|
||
window follow the cursor through the table and always show the current
|
||
field. The follow mode exits automatically when the cursor leaves the table,
|
||
or when you repeat this command with @kbd{C-u C-u C-c `}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@item M-x org-table-import RET
|
||
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB or whitespace
|
||
separated. Use, for example, to import a spreadsheet table or data
|
||
from a database, because these programs generally can write
|
||
TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the file into
|
||
the buffer and then converting the region to a table. Any prefix
|
||
argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it to determine the
|
||
separator.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c |,org-table-create-or-convert-from-region}
|
||
Tables can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the Org
|
||
buffer, selecting the pasted text with @kbd{C-x C-x} and then using the
|
||
@kbd{C-c |} command (see above under @i{Creation and conversion}).
|
||
@c
|
||
@item M-x org-table-export RET
|
||
@findex org-table-export
|
||
@vindex org-table-export-default-format
|
||
Export the table, by default as a TAB-separated file. Use for data
|
||
exchange with, for example, spreadsheet or database programs. The format
|
||
used to export the file can be configured in the option
|
||
@code{org-table-export-default-format}. You may also use properties
|
||
@code{TABLE_EXPORT_FILE} and @code{TABLE_EXPORT_FORMAT} to specify the file
|
||
name and the format for table export in a subtree. Org supports quite
|
||
general formats for exported tables. The exporter format is the same as the
|
||
format used by Orgtbl radio tables, see @ref{Translator functions}, for a
|
||
detailed description.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
|
||
way on lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
|
||
it off with
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent Then the only table command that still works is
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c} to do a manual re-align.
|
||
|
||
@node Column width and alignment
|
||
@section Column width and alignment
|
||
@cindex narrow columns in tables
|
||
@cindex alignment in tables
|
||
|
||
The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor. And
|
||
also the alignment of a column is determined automatically from the fraction
|
||
of number-like versus non-number fields in the column.
|
||
|
||
Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text, leading to
|
||
inconveniently wide columns. Or maybe you want to make a table with several
|
||
columns having a fixed width, regardless of content. To set the width of
|
||
a column, one field anywhere in the column may contain just the string
|
||
@samp{<N>} where @samp{N} is an integer specifying the width of the column in
|
||
characters. The next re-align will then set the width of this column to this
|
||
value.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
|
||
| | | | | <6> |
|
||
| 1 | one | | 1 | one |
|
||
| 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two |
|
||
| 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> |
|
||
| 4 | four | | 4 | four |
|
||
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the string @samp{=>}.
|
||
Note that the full text is still in the buffer but is hidden.
|
||
To see the full text, hold the mouse over the field---a tool-tip window
|
||
will show the full content. To edit such a field, use the command
|
||
@kbd{C-c `} (that is @kbd{C-c} followed by the grave accent). This will
|
||
open a new window with the full field. Edit it and finish with @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-c}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-align-all-tables
|
||
When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the
|
||
necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs to
|
||
be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option
|
||
@code{org-startup-align-all-tables} will realign all tables in a file
|
||
upon visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option
|
||
on a per-file basis with:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: align
|
||
#+STARTUP: noalign
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If you would like to overrule the automatic alignment of number-rich columns
|
||
to the right and of string-rich columns to the left, you can use @samp{<r>},
|
||
@samp{<c>}@footnote{Centering does not work inside Emacs, but it does have an
|
||
effect when exporting to HTML.} or @samp{<l>} in a similar fashion. You may
|
||
also combine alignment and field width like this: @samp{<r10>}.
|
||
|
||
Lines which only contain these formatting cookies will be removed
|
||
automatically when exporting the document.
|
||
|
||
@node Column groups
|
||
@section Column groups
|
||
@cindex grouping columns in tables
|
||
|
||
When Org exports tables, it does so by default without vertical lines because
|
||
that is visually more satisfying in general. Occasionally however, vertical
|
||
lines can be useful to structure a table into groups of columns, much like
|
||
horizontal lines can do for groups of rows. In order to specify column
|
||
groups, you can use a special row where the first field contains only
|
||
@samp{/}. The further fields can either contain @samp{<} to indicate that
|
||
this column should start a group, @samp{>} to indicate the end of a group, or
|
||
@samp{<>} (no space between @samp{<} and @samp{>}) to make a column a group
|
||
of its own. Boundaries between column groups will upon export be marked with
|
||
vertical lines. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | ~sqrt(n)~ | ~sqrt[4](N)~ |
|
||
|---+-----+-----+-----+-----------+--------------|
|
||
| / | < | | > | < | > |
|
||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
||
| 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 1.4142 | 1.1892 |
|
||
| 3 | 9 | 27 | 81 | 1.7321 | 1.3161 |
|
||
|---+-----+-----+-----+-----------+--------------|
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1^2::$3=$1^3::$4=$1^4::$5=sqrt($1)::$6=sqrt(sqrt(($1)))
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
It is also sufficient to just insert the column group starters after
|
||
every vertical line you would like to have:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) |
|
||
|----+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------|
|
||
| / | < | | | < | |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Orgtbl mode
|
||
@section The Orgtbl minor mode
|
||
@cindex Orgtbl mode
|
||
@cindex minor mode for tables
|
||
|
||
If you like the intuitive way the Org table editor works, you
|
||
might also want to use it in other modes like Text mode or Mail mode.
|
||
The minor mode Orgtbl mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
|
||
the mode with @kbd{M-x orgtbl-mode RET}. To turn it on by default, for
|
||
example in Message mode, use
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Furthermore, with some special setup, it is possible to maintain tables
|
||
in arbitrary syntax with Orgtbl mode. For example, it is possible to
|
||
construct @LaTeX{} tables with the underlying ease and power of
|
||
Orgtbl mode, including spreadsheet capabilities. For details, see
|
||
@ref{Tables in arbitrary syntax}.
|
||
|
||
@node The spreadsheet
|
||
@section The spreadsheet
|
||
@cindex calculations, in tables
|
||
@cindex spreadsheet capabilities
|
||
@cindex @file{calc} package
|
||
|
||
The table editor makes use of the Emacs @file{calc} package to implement
|
||
spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs Lisp forms to
|
||
derive fields from other fields. While fully featured, Org's implementation
|
||
is not identical to other spreadsheets. For example, Org knows the concept
|
||
of a @emph{column formula} that will be applied to all non-header fields in a
|
||
column without having to copy the formula to each relevant field. There is
|
||
also a formula debugger, and a formula editor with features for highlighting
|
||
fields in the table corresponding to the references at the point in the
|
||
formula, moving these references by arrow keys
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* References:: How to refer to another field or range
|
||
* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
|
||
* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
|
||
* Durations and time values:: How to compute durations and time values
|
||
* Field and range formulas:: Formula for specific (ranges of) fields
|
||
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
|
||
* Lookup functions:: Lookup functions for searching tables
|
||
* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas
|
||
* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
|
||
* Advanced features:: Field and column names, parameters and automatic recalc
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node References
|
||
@subsection References
|
||
@cindex references
|
||
|
||
To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must
|
||
reference other fields or ranges. In Org, fields can be referenced
|
||
by name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find
|
||
out what the coordinates of a field are, press @kbd{C-c ?} in that
|
||
field, or press @kbd{C-c @}} to toggle the display of a grid.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Field references
|
||
@cindex field references
|
||
@cindex references, to fields
|
||
|
||
Formulas can reference the value of another field in two ways. Like in
|
||
any other spreadsheet, you may reference fields with a letter/number
|
||
combination like @code{B3}, meaning the 2nd field in the 3rd row.
|
||
@vindex org-table-use-standard-references
|
||
However, Org prefers@footnote{Org will understand references typed by the
|
||
user as @samp{B4}, but it will not use this syntax when offering a formula
|
||
for editing. You can customize this behavior using the option
|
||
@code{org-table-use-standard-references}.} to use another, more general
|
||
representation that looks like this:
|
||
@example
|
||
@@@var{row}$@var{column}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Column specifications can be absolute like @code{$1},
|
||
@code{$2},...@code{$@var{N}}, or relative to the current column (i.e., the
|
||
column of the field which is being computed) like @code{$+1} or @code{$-2}.
|
||
@code{$<} and @code{$>} are immutable references to the first and last
|
||
column, respectively, and you can use @code{$>>>} to indicate the third
|
||
column from the right.
|
||
|
||
The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal separator
|
||
lines (hlines). Like with columns, you can use absolute row numbers
|
||
@code{@@1}, @code{@@2},...@code{@@@var{N}}, and row numbers relative to the
|
||
current row like @code{@@+3} or @code{@@-1}. @code{@@<} and @code{@@>} are
|
||
immutable references the first and last@footnote{For backward compatibility
|
||
you can also use special names like @code{$LR5} and @code{$LR12} to refer in
|
||
a stable way to the 5th and 12th field in the last row of the table.
|
||
However, this syntax is deprecated, it should not be used for new documents.
|
||
Use @code{@@>$} instead.} row in the table, respectively. You may also
|
||
specify the row relative to one of the hlines: @code{@@I} refers to the first
|
||
hline, @code{@@II} to the second, etc. @code{@@-I} refers to the first such
|
||
line above the current line, @code{@@+I} to the first such line below the
|
||
current line. You can also write @code{@@III+2} which is the second data line
|
||
after the third hline in the table.
|
||
|
||
@code{@@0} and @code{$0} refer to the current row and column, respectively,
|
||
i.e., to the row/column for the field being computed. Also, if you omit
|
||
either the column or the row part of the reference, the current row/column is
|
||
implied.
|
||
|
||
Org's references with @emph{unsigned} numbers are fixed references
|
||
in the sense that if you use the same reference in the formula for two
|
||
different fields, the same field will be referenced each time.
|
||
Org's references with @emph{signed} numbers are floating
|
||
references because the same reference operator can reference different
|
||
fields depending on the field being calculated by the formula.
|
||
|
||
Here are a few examples:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@@2$3 @r{2nd row, 3rd column (same as @code{C2})}
|
||
$5 @r{column 5 in the current row (same as @code{E&})}
|
||
@@2 @r{current column, row 2}
|
||
@@-1$-3 @r{the field one row up, three columns to the left}
|
||
@@-I$2 @r{field just under hline above current row, column 2}
|
||
@@>$5 @r{field in the last row, in column 5}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Range references
|
||
@cindex range references
|
||
@cindex references, to ranges
|
||
|
||
You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two field
|
||
references connected by two dots @samp{..}. If both fields are in the
|
||
current row, you may simply use @samp{$2..$7}, but if at least one field
|
||
is in a different row, you need to use the general @code{@@row$column}
|
||
format at least for the first field (i.e the reference must start with
|
||
@samp{@@} in order to be interpreted correctly). Examples:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
$1..$3 @r{first three fields in the current row}
|
||
$P..$Q @r{range, using column names (see under Advanced)}
|
||
$<<<..$>> @r{start in third column, continue to the last but one}
|
||
@@2$1..@@4$3 @r{6 fields between these two fields (same as @code{A2..C4})}
|
||
@@-1$-2..@@-1 @r{3 fields in the row above, starting from 2 columns on the left}
|
||
@@I..II @r{between first and second hline, short for @code{@@I..@@II}}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent Range references return a vector of values that can be fed
|
||
into Calc vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally suppressed,
|
||
so that the vector contains only the non-empty fields. For other options
|
||
with the mode switches @samp{E}, @samp{N} and examples @pxref{Formula syntax
|
||
for Calc}.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Field coordinates in formulas
|
||
@cindex field coordinates
|
||
@cindex coordinates, of field
|
||
@cindex row, of field coordinates
|
||
@cindex column, of field coordinates
|
||
|
||
One of the very first actions during evaluation of Calc formulas and Lisp
|
||
formulas is to substitute @code{@@#} and @code{$#} in the formula with the
|
||
row or column number of the field where the current result will go to. The
|
||
traditional Lisp formula equivalents are @code{org-table-current-dline} and
|
||
@code{org-table-current-column}. Examples:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item if(@@# % 2, $#, string(""))
|
||
Insert column number on odd rows, set field to empty on even rows.
|
||
@item $2 = '(identity remote(FOO, @@@@#$1))
|
||
Copy text or values of each row of column 1 of the table named @code{FOO}
|
||
into column 2 of the current table.
|
||
@item @@3 = 2 * remote(FOO, @@1$$#)
|
||
Insert the doubled value of each column of row 1 of the table named
|
||
@code{FOO} into row 3 of the current table.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent For the second/third example, the table named @code{FOO} must have
|
||
at least as many rows/columns as the current table. Note that this is
|
||
inefficient@footnote{The computation time scales as O(N^2) because the table
|
||
named @code{FOO} is parsed for each field to be read.} for large number of
|
||
rows/columns.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Named references
|
||
@cindex named references
|
||
@cindex references, named
|
||
@cindex name, of column or field
|
||
@cindex constants, in calculations
|
||
@cindex #+CONSTANTS
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-table-formula-constants
|
||
@samp{$name} is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or
|
||
constant. Constants are defined globally through the option
|
||
@code{org-table-formula-constants}, and locally (for the file) through a
|
||
line like
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex constants-unit-system
|
||
@pindex constants.el
|
||
Also properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}) can be used as
|
||
constants in table formulas: for a property @samp{:Xyz:} use the name
|
||
@samp{$PROP_Xyz}, and the property will be searched in the current
|
||
outline entry and in the hierarchy above it. If you have the
|
||
@file{constants.el} package, it will also be used to resolve constants,
|
||
including natural constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's constant, and
|
||
units like @samp{$km} for kilometers@footnote{@file{constants.el} can
|
||
supply the values of constants in two different unit systems, @code{SI}
|
||
and @code{cgs}. Which one is used depends on the value of the variable
|
||
@code{constants-unit-system}. You can use the @code{#+STARTUP} options
|
||
@code{constSI} and @code{constcgs} to set this value for the current
|
||
buffer.}. Column names and parameters can be specified in special table
|
||
lines. These are described below, see @ref{Advanced features}. All
|
||
names must start with a letter, and further consist of letters and
|
||
numbers.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Remote references
|
||
@cindex remote references
|
||
@cindex references, remote
|
||
@cindex references, to a different table
|
||
@cindex name, of column or field
|
||
@cindex constants, in calculations
|
||
@cindex #+NAME, for table
|
||
|
||
You may also reference constants, fields and ranges from a different table,
|
||
either in the current file or even in a different file. The syntax is
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
remote(NAME-OR-ID,REF)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
where NAME can be the name of a table in the current file as set by a
|
||
@code{#+NAME: Name} line before the table. It can also be the ID of an
|
||
entry, even in a different file, and the reference then refers to the first
|
||
table in that entry. REF is an absolute field or range reference as
|
||
described above for example @code{@@3$3} or @code{$somename}, valid in the
|
||
referenced table.
|
||
|
||
Indirection of NAME-OR-ID: When NAME-OR-ID has the format @code{@@ROW$COLUMN}
|
||
it will be substituted with the name or ID found in this field of the current
|
||
table. For example @code{remote($1, @@>$2)} => @code{remote(year_2013,
|
||
@@>$1)}. The format @code{B3} is not supported because it can not be
|
||
distinguished from a plain table name or ID.
|
||
|
||
@node Formula syntax for Calc
|
||
@subsection Formula syntax for Calc
|
||
@cindex formula syntax, Calc
|
||
@cindex syntax, of formulas
|
||
|
||
A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs @file{Calc}
|
||
package. Note that @file{calc} has the non-standard convention that @samp{/}
|
||
has lower precedence than @samp{*}, so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as
|
||
@samp{a/(b*c)}. Before evaluation by @code{calc-eval} (@pxref{Calling Calc
|
||
from Your Programs, calc-eval, Calling Calc from Your Lisp Programs, calc,
|
||
GNU Emacs Calc Manual}), variable substitution takes place according to the
|
||
rules described above.
|
||
@cindex vectors, in table calculations
|
||
The range vectors can be directly fed into the Calc vector functions
|
||
like @samp{vmean} and @samp{vsum}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex format specifier
|
||
@cindex mode, for @file{calc}
|
||
@vindex org-calc-default-modes
|
||
A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This
|
||
string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during
|
||
execution. By default, Org uses the standard Calc modes (precision
|
||
12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). The display
|
||
format, however, has been changed to @code{(float 8)} to keep tables
|
||
compact. The default settings can be configured using the option
|
||
@code{org-calc-default-modes}.
|
||
|
||
@noindent List of modes:
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@item @code{p20}
|
||
Set the internal Calc calculation precision to 20 digits.
|
||
@item @code{n3}, @code{s3}, @code{e2}, @code{f4}
|
||
Normal, scientific, engineering or fixed format of the result of Calc passed
|
||
back to Org. Calc formatting is unlimited in precision as long as the Calc
|
||
calculation precision is greater.
|
||
@item @code{D}, @code{R}
|
||
Degree and radian angle modes of Calc.
|
||
@item @code{F}, @code{S}
|
||
Fraction and symbolic modes of Calc.
|
||
@item @code{T}, @code{t}, @code{U}
|
||
Duration computations in Calc or Lisp, @pxref{Durations and time values}.
|
||
@item @code{E}
|
||
If and how to consider empty fields. Without @samp{E} empty fields in range
|
||
references are suppressed so that the Calc vector or Lisp list contains only
|
||
the non-empty fields. With @samp{E} the empty fields are kept. For empty
|
||
fields in ranges or empty field references the value @samp{nan} (not a
|
||
number) is used in Calc formulas and the empty string is used for Lisp
|
||
formulas. Add @samp{N} to use 0 instead for both formula types. For the
|
||
value of a field the mode @samp{N} has higher precedence than @samp{E}.
|
||
@item @code{N}
|
||
Interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers. See the next section
|
||
to see how this is essential for computations with Lisp formulas. In Calc
|
||
formulas it is used only occasionally because there number strings are
|
||
already interpreted as numbers without @samp{N}.
|
||
@item @code{L}
|
||
Literal, for Lisp formulas only. See the next section.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Unless you use large integer numbers or high-precision-calculation and
|
||
-display for floating point numbers you may alternatively provide a
|
||
@samp{printf} format specifier to reformat the Calc result after it has been
|
||
passed back to Org instead of letting Calc already do the
|
||
formatting@footnote{The @samp{printf} reformatting is limited in precision
|
||
because the value passed to it is converted into an @samp{integer} or
|
||
@samp{double}. The @samp{integer} is limited in size by truncating the
|
||
signed value to 32 bits. The @samp{double} is limited in precision to 64
|
||
bits overall which leaves approximately 16 significant decimal digits.}. A
|
||
few examples:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
$1+$2 @r{Sum of first and second field}
|
||
$1+$2;%.2f @r{Same, format result to two decimals}
|
||
exp($2)+exp($1) @r{Math functions can be used}
|
||
$0;%.1f @r{Reformat current cell to 1 decimal}
|
||
($3-32)*5/9 @r{Degrees F -> C conversion}
|
||
$c/$1/$cm @r{Hz -> cm conversion, using @file{constants.el}}
|
||
tan($1);Dp3s1 @r{Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1}
|
||
sin($1);Dp3%.1e @r{Same, but use printf specifier for display}
|
||
taylor($3,x=7,2) @r{Taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Calc also contains a complete set of logical operations, (@pxref{Logical
|
||
Operations, , Logical Operations, calc, GNU Emacs Calc Manual}). For example
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item if($1 < 20, teen, string(""))
|
||
"teen" if age $1 is less than 20, else the Org table result field is set to
|
||
empty with the empty string.
|
||
@item if("$1" == "nan" || "$2" == "nan", string(""), $1 + $2); E f-1
|
||
Sum of the first two columns. When at least one of the input fields is empty
|
||
the Org table result field is set to empty. @samp{E} is required to not
|
||
convert empty fields to 0. @samp{f-1} is an optional Calc format string
|
||
similar to @samp{%.1f} but leaves empty results empty.
|
||
@item if(typeof(vmean($1..$7)) == 12, string(""), vmean($1..$7); E
|
||
Mean value of a range unless there is any empty field. Every field in the
|
||
range that is empty is replaced by @samp{nan} which lets @samp{vmean} result
|
||
in @samp{nan}. Then @samp{typeof == 12} detects the @samp{nan} from
|
||
@samp{vmean} and the Org table result field is set to empty. Use this when
|
||
the sample set is expected to never have missing values.
|
||
@item if("$1..$7" == "[]", string(""), vmean($1..$7))
|
||
Mean value of a range with empty fields skipped. Every field in the range
|
||
that is empty is skipped. When all fields in the range are empty the mean
|
||
value is not defined and the Org table result field is set to empty. Use
|
||
this when the sample set can have a variable size.
|
||
@item vmean($1..$7); EN
|
||
To complete the example before: Mean value of a range with empty fields
|
||
counting as samples with value 0. Use this only when incomplete sample sets
|
||
should be padded with 0 to the full size.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You can add your own Calc functions defined in Emacs Lisp with @code{defmath}
|
||
and use them in formula syntax for Calc.
|
||
|
||
@node Formula syntax for Lisp
|
||
@subsection Emacs Lisp forms as formulas
|
||
@cindex Lisp forms, as table formulas
|
||
|
||
It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp. This can be useful
|
||
for string manipulation and control structures, if Calc's functionality is
|
||
not enough.
|
||
|
||
If a formula starts with an apostrophe followed by an opening parenthesis,
|
||
then it is evaluated as a Lisp form. The evaluation should return either a
|
||
string or a number. Just as with @file{calc} formulas, you can specify modes
|
||
and a printf format after a semicolon.
|
||
|
||
With Emacs Lisp forms, you need to be conscious about the way field
|
||
references are interpolated into the form. By default, a reference will be
|
||
interpolated as a Lisp string (in double-quotes) containing the field. If
|
||
you provide the @samp{N} mode switch, all referenced elements will be numbers
|
||
(non-number fields will be zero) and interpolated as Lisp numbers, without
|
||
quotes. If you provide the @samp{L} flag, all fields will be interpolated
|
||
literally, without quotes. I.e., if you want a reference to be interpreted
|
||
as a string by the Lisp form, enclose the reference operator itself in
|
||
double-quotes, like @code{"$3"}. Ranges are inserted as space-separated
|
||
fields, so you can embed them in list or vector syntax.
|
||
|
||
Here are a few examples---note how the @samp{N} mode is used when we do
|
||
computations in Lisp:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item '(concat (substring $1 1 2) (substring $1 0 1) (substring $1 2))
|
||
Swap the first two characters of the content of column 1.
|
||
@item '(+ $1 $2);N
|
||
Add columns 1 and 2, equivalent to Calc's @code{$1+$2}.
|
||
@item '(apply '+ '($1..$4));N
|
||
Compute the sum of columns 1 to 4, like Calc's @code{vsum($1..$4)}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Durations and time values
|
||
@subsection Durations and time values
|
||
@cindex Duration, computing
|
||
@cindex Time, computing
|
||
@vindex org-table-duration-custom-format
|
||
|
||
If you want to compute time values use the @code{T}, @code{t}, or @code{U}
|
||
flag, either in Calc formulas or Elisp formulas:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
| Task 1 | Task 2 | Total |
|
||
|---------+----------+----------|
|
||
| 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59:00 |
|
||
| 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59 |
|
||
| 3:02:20 | -2:07:00 | 0.92 |
|
||
#+TBLFM: @@2$3=$1+$2;T::@@3$3=$1+$2;U::@@4$3=$1+$2;t
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Input duration values must be of the form @code{HH:MM[:SS]}, where seconds
|
||
are optional. With the @code{T} flag, computed durations will be displayed
|
||
as @code{HH:MM:SS} (see the first formula above). With the @code{U} flag,
|
||
seconds will be omitted so that the result will be only @code{HH:MM} (see
|
||
second formula above). Zero-padding of the hours field will depend upon the
|
||
value of the variable @code{org-table-duration-hour-zero-padding}.
|
||
|
||
With the @code{t} flag, computed durations will be displayed according to the
|
||
value of the option @code{org-table-duration-custom-format}, which defaults
|
||
to @code{'hours} and will display the result as a fraction of hours (see the
|
||
third formula in the example above).
|
||
|
||
Negative duration values can be manipulated as well, and integers will be
|
||
considered as seconds in addition and subtraction.
|
||
|
||
@node Field and range formulas
|
||
@subsection Field and range formulas
|
||
@cindex field formula
|
||
@cindex range formula
|
||
@cindex formula, for individual table field
|
||
@cindex formula, for range of fields
|
||
|
||
To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the field,
|
||
preceded by @samp{:=}, for example @samp{:=vsum(@@II..III)}. When you press
|
||
@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the field,
|
||
the formula will be stored as the formula for this field, evaluated, and the
|
||
current field will be replaced with the result.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TBLFM
|
||
Formulas are stored in a special line starting with @samp{#+TBLFM:} directly
|
||
below the table. If you type the equation in the 4th field of the 3rd data
|
||
line in the table, the formula will look like @samp{@@3$4=$1+$2}. When
|
||
inserting/deleting/swapping columns and rows with the appropriate commands,
|
||
@i{absolute references} (but not relative ones) in stored formulas are
|
||
modified in order to still reference the same field. To avoid this, in
|
||
particular in range references, anchor ranges at the table borders (using
|
||
@code{@@<}, @code{@@>}, @code{$<}, @code{$>}), or at hlines using the
|
||
@code{@@I} notation. Automatic adaptation of field references does of course
|
||
not happen if you edit the table structure with normal editing
|
||
commands---then you must fix the equations yourself.
|
||
|
||
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the following
|
||
command
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-c =,org-table-eval-formula}
|
||
Install a new formula for the current field. The command prompts for a
|
||
formula with default taken from the @samp{#+TBLFM:} line, applies
|
||
it to the current field, and stores it.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The left-hand side of a formula can also be a special expression in order to
|
||
assign the formula to a number of different fields. There is no keyboard
|
||
shortcut to enter such range formulas. To add them, use the formula editor
|
||
(@pxref{Editing and debugging formulas}) or edit the @code{#+TBLFM:} line
|
||
directly.
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item $2=
|
||
Column formula, valid for the entire column. This is so common that Org
|
||
treats these formulas in a special way, see @ref{Column formulas}.
|
||
@item @@3=
|
||
Row formula, applies to all fields in the specified row. @code{@@>=} means
|
||
the last row.
|
||
@item @@1$2..@@4$3=
|
||
Range formula, applies to all fields in the given rectangular range. This
|
||
can also be used to assign a formula to some but not all fields in a row.
|
||
@item $name=
|
||
Named field, see @ref{Advanced features}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Column formulas
|
||
@subsection Column formulas
|
||
@cindex column formula
|
||
@cindex formula, for table column
|
||
|
||
When you assign a formula to a simple column reference like @code{$3=}, the
|
||
same formula will be used in all fields of that column, with the following
|
||
very convenient exceptions: (i) If the table contains horizontal separator
|
||
hlines with rows above and below, everything before the first such hline is
|
||
considered part of the table @emph{header} and will not be modified by column
|
||
formulas. Therefore a header is mandatory when you use column formulas and
|
||
want to add hlines to group rows, like for example to separate a total row at
|
||
the bottom from the summand rows above. (ii) Fields that already get a value
|
||
from a field/range formula will be left alone by column formulas. These
|
||
conditions make column formulas very easy to use.
|
||
|
||
To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in the
|
||
column, preceded by an equal sign, like @samp{=$1+$2}. When you press
|
||
@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the field,
|
||
the formula will be stored as the formula for the current column, evaluated
|
||
and the current field replaced with the result. If the field contains only
|
||
@samp{=}, the previously stored formula for this column is used. For each
|
||
column, Org will only remember the most recently used formula. In the
|
||
@samp{#+TBLFM:} line, column formulas will look like @samp{$4=$1+$2}. The
|
||
left-hand side of a column formula cannot be the name of column, it must be
|
||
the numeric column reference or @code{$>}.
|
||
|
||
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
|
||
following command:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c =,org-table-eval-formula}
|
||
Install a new formula for the current column and replace current field with
|
||
the result of the formula. The command prompts for a formula, with default
|
||
taken from the @samp{#+TBLFM} line, applies it to the current field and
|
||
stores it. With a numeric prefix argument(e.g., @kbd{C-5 C-c =}) the command
|
||
will apply it to that many consecutive fields in the current column.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Lookup functions
|
||
@subsection Lookup functions
|
||
@cindex lookup functions in tables
|
||
@cindex table lookup functions
|
||
|
||
Org has three predefined Emacs Lisp functions for lookups in tables.
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item (org-lookup-first VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)
|
||
@findex org-lookup-first
|
||
Searches for the first element @code{S} in list @code{S-LIST} for which
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(PREDICATE VAL S)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
is @code{t}; returns the value from the corresponding position in list
|
||
@code{R-LIST}. The default @code{PREDICATE} is @code{equal}. Note that the
|
||
parameters @code{VAL} and @code{S} are passed to @code{PREDICATE} in the same
|
||
order as the corresponding parameters are in the call to
|
||
@code{org-lookup-first}, where @code{VAL} precedes @code{S-LIST}. If
|
||
@code{R-LIST} is @code{nil}, the matching element @code{S} of @code{S-LIST}
|
||
is returned.
|
||
@item (org-lookup-last VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)
|
||
@findex org-lookup-last
|
||
Similar to @code{org-lookup-first} above, but searches for the @i{last}
|
||
element for which @code{PREDICATE} is @code{t}.
|
||
@item (org-lookup-all VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)
|
||
@findex org-lookup-all
|
||
Similar to @code{org-lookup-first}, but searches for @i{all} elements for
|
||
which @code{PREDICATE} is @code{t}, and returns @i{all} corresponding
|
||
values. This function can not be used by itself in a formula, because it
|
||
returns a list of values. However, powerful lookups can be built when this
|
||
function is combined with other Emacs Lisp functions.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
If the ranges used in these functions contain empty fields, the @code{E} mode
|
||
for the formula should usually be specified: otherwise empty fields will not be
|
||
included in @code{S-LIST} and/or @code{R-LIST} which can, for example, result
|
||
in an incorrect mapping from an element of @code{S-LIST} to the corresponding
|
||
element of @code{R-LIST}.
|
||
|
||
These three functions can be used to implement associative arrays, count
|
||
matching cells, rank results, group data etc. For practical examples
|
||
see @uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-lookups.html, this
|
||
tutorial on Worg}.
|
||
|
||
@node Editing and debugging formulas
|
||
@subsection Editing and debugging formulas
|
||
@cindex formula editing
|
||
@cindex editing, of table formulas
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-table-use-standard-references
|
||
You can edit individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the field.
|
||
Org can also prepare a special buffer with all active formulas of a table.
|
||
When offering a formula for editing, Org converts references to the standard
|
||
format (like @code{B3} or @code{D&}) if possible. If you prefer to only work
|
||
with the internal format (like @code{@@3$2} or @code{$4}), configure the
|
||
option @code{org-table-use-standard-references}.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c =,C-u C-c =,org-table-eval-formula}
|
||
Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the
|
||
minibuffer. See @ref{Column formulas}, and @ref{Field and range formulas}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-u C-c =,org-table-eval-formula}
|
||
Re-insert the active formula (either a
|
||
field formula, or a column formula) into the current field, so that you
|
||
can edit it directly in the field. The advantage over editing in the
|
||
minibuffer is that you can use the command @kbd{C-c ?}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ?,org-table-field-info}
|
||
While editing a formula in a table field, highlight the field(s)
|
||
referenced by the reference at the cursor position in the formula.
|
||
@kindex C-c @}
|
||
@findex org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays
|
||
@item C-c @}
|
||
Toggle the display of row and column numbers for a table, using overlays
|
||
(@command{org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays}). These are updated each
|
||
time the table is aligned; you can force it with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
||
@kindex C-c @{
|
||
@findex org-table-toggle-formula-debugger
|
||
@item C-c @{
|
||
Toggle the formula debugger on and off
|
||
(@command{org-table-toggle-formula-debugger}). See below.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ',org-table-edit-formulas}
|
||
Edit all formulas for the current table in a special buffer, where the
|
||
formulas will be displayed one per line. If the current field has an
|
||
active formula, the cursor in the formula editor will mark it.
|
||
While inside the special buffer, Org will automatically highlight
|
||
any field or range reference at the cursor position. You may edit,
|
||
remove and add formulas, and use the following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c C-c,C-x C-s,org-table-fedit-finish}
|
||
Exit the formula editor and store the modified formulas. With @kbd{C-u}
|
||
prefix, also apply the new formulas to the entire table.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-q,org-table-fedit-abort}
|
||
Exit the formula editor without installing changes.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-r,org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type}
|
||
Toggle all references in the formula editor between standard (like
|
||
@code{B3}) and internal (like @code{@@3$2}).
|
||
@orgcmd{@key{TAB},org-table-fedit-lisp-indent}
|
||
Pretty-print or indent Lisp formula at point. When in a line containing
|
||
a Lisp formula, format the formula according to Emacs Lisp rules.
|
||
Another @key{TAB} collapses the formula back again. In the open
|
||
formula, @key{TAB} re-indents just like in Emacs Lisp mode.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{TAB},lisp-complete-symbol}
|
||
Complete Lisp symbols, just like in Emacs Lisp mode.@footnote{Many desktops
|
||
intercept @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows. Use @kbd{C-M-i} or
|
||
@kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} instead for completion (@pxref{Completion}).}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
||
@findex org-table-fedit-ref-up
|
||
@findex org-table-fedit-ref-down
|
||
@findex org-table-fedit-ref-left
|
||
@findex org-table-fedit-ref-right
|
||
@item S-@key{up}/@key{down}/@key{left}/@key{right}
|
||
Shift the reference at point. For example, if the reference is
|
||
@code{B3} and you press @kbd{S-@key{right}}, it will become @code{C3}.
|
||
This also works for relative references and for hline references.
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{M-S-@key{up},M-S-@key{down},org-table-fedit-line-up,org-table-fedit-line-down}
|
||
Move the test line for column formulas in the Org buffer up and
|
||
down.
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{M-@key{up},M-@key{down},org-table-fedit-scroll-down,org-table-fedit-scroll-up}
|
||
Scroll the window displaying the table.
|
||
@kindex C-c @}
|
||
@findex org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays
|
||
@item C-c @}
|
||
Turn the coordinate grid in the table on and off.
|
||
@end table
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated with
|
||
the field, because that is stored in a different line (the @samp{#+TBLFM}
|
||
line)---during the next recalculation the field will be filled again.
|
||
To remove a formula from a field, you have to give an empty reply when
|
||
prompted for the formula, or to edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} line.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
You may edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} directly and re-apply the changed
|
||
equations with @kbd{C-c C-c} in that line or with the normal
|
||
recalculation commands in the table.
|
||
|
||
@anchor{Using multiple #+TBLFM lines}
|
||
@subsubheading Using multiple #+TBLFM lines
|
||
@cindex #+TBLFM line, multiple
|
||
@cindex #+TBLFM
|
||
@cindex #+TBLFM, switching
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
|
||
You may apply the formula temporarily. This is useful when you
|
||
switch the formula. Place multiple @samp{#+TBLFM} lines right
|
||
after the table, and then press @kbd{C-c C-c} on the formula to
|
||
apply. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
| x | y |
|
||
|---+---|
|
||
| 1 | |
|
||
| 2 | |
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} in the line of @samp{#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2} yields:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
| x | y |
|
||
|---+---|
|
||
| 1 | 2 |
|
||
| 2 | 4 |
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Note: If you recalculate this table (with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, for example), you
|
||
will get the following result of applying only the first @samp{#+TBLFM} line.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
| x | y |
|
||
|---+---|
|
||
| 1 | 1 |
|
||
| 2 | 2 |
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1
|
||
#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Debugging formulas
|
||
@cindex formula debugging
|
||
@cindex debugging, of table formulas
|
||
When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
|
||
becomes the string @samp{#ERROR}. If you would like see what is going
|
||
on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a bug,
|
||
turn on formula debugging in the @code{Tbl} menu and repeat the
|
||
calculation, for example by pressing @kbd{C-u C-u C-c = @key{RET}} in a
|
||
field. Detailed information will be displayed.
|
||
|
||
@node Updating the table
|
||
@subsection Updating the table
|
||
@cindex recomputing table fields
|
||
@cindex updating, table
|
||
|
||
Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be
|
||
triggered by a command. See @ref{Advanced features}, for a way to make
|
||
recalculation at least semi-automatic.
|
||
|
||
In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use the
|
||
following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c *,org-table-recalculate}
|
||
Recalculate the current row by first applying the stored column formulas
|
||
from left to right, and all field/range formulas in the current row.
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex C-u C-c *
|
||
@item C-u C-c *
|
||
@kindex C-u C-c C-c
|
||
@itemx C-u C-c C-c
|
||
Recompute the entire table, line by line. Any lines before the first
|
||
hline are left alone, assuming that these are part of the table header.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-u C-u C-c *,C-u C-u C-c C-c,org-table-iterate}
|
||
Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes occur.
|
||
This may be necessary if some computed fields use the value of other
|
||
fields that are computed @i{later} in the calculation sequence.
|
||
@item M-x org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables RET
|
||
@findex org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables
|
||
Recompute all tables in the current buffer.
|
||
@item M-x org-table-iterate-buffer-tables RET
|
||
@findex org-table-iterate-buffer-tables
|
||
Iterate all tables in the current buffer, in order to converge table-to-table
|
||
dependencies.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Advanced features
|
||
@subsection Advanced features
|
||
|
||
If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if you
|
||
want to be able to assign @i{names}@footnote{Such names must start by an
|
||
alphabetic character and use only alphanumeric/underscore characters.} to
|
||
fields and columns, you need to reserve the first column of the table for
|
||
special marking characters.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-#,org-table-rotate-recalc-marks}
|
||
Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states @samp{ },
|
||
@samp{#}, @samp{*}, @samp{!}, @samp{$}. When there is an active region,
|
||
change all marks in the region.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students and
|
||
makes use of these features:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
||
| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
|
||
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
||
| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | |
|
||
| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 |
|
||
| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | |
|
||
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
||
| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 |
|
||
| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 |
|
||
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
||
| | Average | | | | 25.0 | |
|
||
| ^ | | | | | at | |
|
||
| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
|
||
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
||
#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@@-II..@@-I);%.1f
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent @b{Important}: please note that for these special tables,
|
||
recalculating the table with @kbd{C-u C-c *} will only affect rows that
|
||
are marked @samp{#} or @samp{*}, and fields that have a formula assigned
|
||
to the field itself. The column formulas are not applied in rows with
|
||
empty first field.
|
||
|
||
@cindex marking characters, tables
|
||
The marking characters have the following meaning:
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item !
|
||
The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you may
|
||
refer to a column as @samp{$Tot} instead of @samp{$6}.
|
||
@item ^
|
||
This row defines names for the fields @emph{above} the row. With such
|
||
a definition, any formula in the table may use @samp{$m1} to refer to
|
||
the value @samp{10}. Also, if you assign a formula to a names field, it
|
||
will be stored as @samp{$name=...}.
|
||
@item _
|
||
Similar to @samp{^}, but defines names for the fields in the row
|
||
@emph{below}.
|
||
@item $
|
||
Fields in this row can define @emph{parameters} for formulas. For
|
||
example, if a field in a @samp{$} row contains @samp{max=50}, then
|
||
formulas in this table can refer to the value 50 using @samp{$max}.
|
||
Parameters work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on
|
||
a per-table basis.
|
||
@item #
|
||
Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
|
||
@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} in this row. Also, this row
|
||
is selected for a global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}. Unmarked
|
||
lines will be left alone by this command.
|
||
@item *
|
||
Selects this line for global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, but
|
||
not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
|
||
recalculation slows down editing too much.
|
||
@item @w{ }
|
||
Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}.
|
||
All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with @samp{#}
|
||
or @samp{*}.
|
||
@item /
|
||
Do not export this line. Useful for lines that contain the narrowing
|
||
@samp{<N>} markers or column group markers.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Finally, just to whet your appetite for what can be done with the
|
||
fantastic @file{calc.el} package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
|
||
series of degree @code{n} at location @code{x} for a couple of
|
||
functions.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
||
| | Func | n | x | Result |
|
||
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
||
| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
|
||
| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 |
|
||
| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 |
|
||
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 |
|
||
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 |
|
||
| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 |
|
||
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
||
#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Org-Plot
|
||
@section Org-Plot
|
||
@cindex graph, in tables
|
||
@cindex plot tables using Gnuplot
|
||
@cindex #+PLOT
|
||
|
||
Org-Plot can produce graphs of information stored in org tables, either
|
||
graphically or in ASCII-art.
|
||
|
||
@subheading Graphical plots using @file{Gnuplot}
|
||
|
||
Org-Plot produces 2D and 3D graphs using @file{Gnuplot}
|
||
@uref{http://www.gnuplot.info/} and @file{gnuplot-mode}
|
||
@uref{http://xafs.org/BruceRavel/GnuplotMode}. To see this in action, ensure
|
||
that you have both Gnuplot and Gnuplot mode installed on your system, then
|
||
call @kbd{C-c " g} or @kbd{M-x org-plot/gnuplot @key{RET}} on the following
|
||
table.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
#+PLOT: title:"Citas" ind:1 deps:(3) type:2d with:histograms set:"yrange [0:]"
|
||
| Sede | Max cites | H-index |
|
||
|-----------+-----------+---------|
|
||
| Chile | 257.72 | 21.39 |
|
||
| Leeds | 165.77 | 19.68 |
|
||
| Sao Paolo | 71.00 | 11.50 |
|
||
| Stockholm | 134.19 | 14.33 |
|
||
| Morelia | 257.56 | 17.67 |
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Notice that Org Plot is smart enough to apply the table's headers as labels.
|
||
Further control over the labels, type, content, and appearance of plots can
|
||
be exercised through the @code{#+PLOT:} lines preceding a table. See below
|
||
for a complete list of Org-plot options. The @code{#+PLOT:} lines are
|
||
optional. For more information and examples see the Org-plot tutorial at
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-plot.html}.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Plot Options
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item set
|
||
Specify any @command{gnuplot} option to be set when graphing.
|
||
|
||
@item title
|
||
Specify the title of the plot.
|
||
|
||
@item ind
|
||
Specify which column of the table to use as the @code{x} axis.
|
||
|
||
@item deps
|
||
Specify the columns to graph as a Lisp style list, surrounded by parentheses
|
||
and separated by spaces for example @code{dep:(3 4)} to graph the third and
|
||
fourth columns (defaults to graphing all other columns aside from the @code{ind}
|
||
column).
|
||
|
||
@item type
|
||
Specify whether the plot will be @code{2d}, @code{3d}, or @code{grid}.
|
||
|
||
@item with
|
||
Specify a @code{with} option to be inserted for every col being plotted
|
||
(e.g., @code{lines}, @code{points}, @code{boxes}, @code{impulses}, etc...).
|
||
Defaults to @code{lines}.
|
||
|
||
@item file
|
||
If you want to plot to a file, specify @code{"@var{path/to/desired/output-file}"}.
|
||
|
||
@item labels
|
||
List of labels to be used for the @code{deps} (defaults to the column headers
|
||
if they exist).
|
||
|
||
@item line
|
||
Specify an entire line to be inserted in the Gnuplot script.
|
||
|
||
@item map
|
||
When plotting @code{3d} or @code{grid} types, set this to @code{t} to graph a
|
||
flat mapping rather than a @code{3d} slope.
|
||
|
||
@item timefmt
|
||
Specify format of Org mode timestamps as they will be parsed by Gnuplot.
|
||
Defaults to @samp{%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S}.
|
||
|
||
@item script
|
||
If you want total control, you can specify a script file (place the file name
|
||
between double-quotes) which will be used to plot. Before plotting, every
|
||
instance of @code{$datafile} in the specified script will be replaced with
|
||
the path to the generated data file. Note: even if you set this option, you
|
||
may still want to specify the plot type, as that can impact the content of
|
||
the data file.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subheading ASCII bar plots
|
||
|
||
While the cursor is on a column, typing @kbd{C-c " a} or
|
||
@kbd{M-x orgtbl-ascii-plot @key{RET}} create a new column containing an
|
||
ASCII-art bars plot. The plot is implemented through a regular column
|
||
formula. When the source column changes, the bar plot may be updated by
|
||
refreshing the table, for example typing @kbd{C-u C-c *}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
| Sede | Max cites | |
|
||
|---------------+-----------+--------------|
|
||
| Chile | 257.72 | WWWWWWWWWWWW |
|
||
| Leeds | 165.77 | WWWWWWWh |
|
||
| Sao Paolo | 71.00 | WWW; |
|
||
| Stockholm | 134.19 | WWWWWW: |
|
||
| Morelia | 257.56 | WWWWWWWWWWWH |
|
||
| Rochefourchat | 0.00 | |
|
||
#+TBLFM: $3='(orgtbl-ascii-draw $2 0.0 257.72 12)
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The formula is an elisp call:
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(orgtbl-ascii-draw COLUMN MIN MAX WIDTH)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item COLUMN
|
||
is a reference to the source column.
|
||
|
||
@item MIN MAX
|
||
are the minimal and maximal values displayed. Sources values
|
||
outside this range are displayed as @samp{too small}
|
||
or @samp{too large}.
|
||
|
||
@item WIDTH
|
||
is the width in characters of the bar-plot. It defaults to @samp{12}.
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Hyperlinks
|
||
@chapter Hyperlinks
|
||
@cindex hyperlinks
|
||
|
||
Like HTML, Org provides links inside a file, external links to
|
||
other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Link format:: How links in Org are formatted
|
||
* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
|
||
* External links:: URL-like links to the world
|
||
* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
|
||
* Using links outside Org:: Linking from my C source code?
|
||
* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
|
||
* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
|
||
* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Link format
|
||
@section Link format
|
||
@cindex link format
|
||
@cindex format, of links
|
||
|
||
Org will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as
|
||
clickable links. The general link format, however, looks like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[link][description]] @r{or alternatively} [[link]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets present), Org
|
||
will change the display so that @samp{description} is displayed instead
|
||
of @samp{[[link][description]]} and @samp{link} is displayed instead of
|
||
@samp{[[link]]}. Links will be highlighted in the face @code{org-link},
|
||
which by default is an underlined face. You can directly edit the
|
||
visible part of a link. Note that this can be either the @samp{link}
|
||
part (if there is no description) or the @samp{description} part. To
|
||
edit also the invisible @samp{link} part, use @kbd{C-c C-l} with the
|
||
cursor on the link.
|
||
|
||
If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of the
|
||
displayed text and press @key{BACKSPACE}, you will remove the
|
||
(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete
|
||
and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the
|
||
missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show the
|
||
internal structure of all links, use the menu entry
|
||
@code{Org->Hyperlinks->Literal links}.
|
||
|
||
@node Internal links
|
||
@section Internal links
|
||
@cindex internal links
|
||
@cindex links, internal
|
||
@cindex targets, for links
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, CUSTOM_ID
|
||
If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal in the
|
||
current file. The most important case is a link like
|
||
@samp{[[#my-custom-id]]} which will link to the entry with the
|
||
@code{CUSTOM_ID} property @samp{my-custom-id}. You are responsible yourself
|
||
to make sure these custom IDs are unique in a file.
|
||
|
||
Links such as @samp{[[My Target]]} or @samp{[[My Target][Find my target]]}
|
||
lead to a text search in the current file.
|
||
|
||
The link can be followed with @kbd{C-c C-o} when the cursor is on the link,
|
||
or with a mouse click (@pxref{Handling links}). Links to custom IDs will
|
||
point to the corresponding headline. The preferred match for a text link is
|
||
a @i{dedicated target}: the same string in double angular brackets, like
|
||
@samp{<<My Target>>}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+NAME
|
||
If no dedicated target exists, the link will then try to match the exact name
|
||
of an element within the buffer. Naming is done with the @code{#+NAME}
|
||
keyword, which has to be put in the line before the element it refers to, as
|
||
in the following example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: My Target
|
||
| a | table |
|
||
|----+------------|
|
||
| of | four cells |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If none of the above succeeds, Org will search for a headline that is exactly
|
||
the link text but may also include a TODO keyword and tags@footnote{To insert
|
||
a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be used. Just type
|
||
a star followed by a few optional letters into the buffer and press
|
||
@kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. All headlines in the current buffer will be offered as
|
||
completions.}.
|
||
|
||
During export, internal links will be used to mark objects and assign them
|
||
a number. Marked objects will then be referenced by links pointing to them.
|
||
In particular, links without a description will appear as the number assigned
|
||
to the marked object@footnote{When targeting a @code{#+NAME} keyword,
|
||
@code{#+CAPTION} keyword is mandatory in order to get proper numbering
|
||
(@pxref{Images and tables}).}. In the following excerpt from an Org buffer
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
- one item
|
||
- <<target>>another item
|
||
Here we refer to item [[target]].
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The last sentence will appear as @samp{Here we refer to item 2} when
|
||
exported.
|
||
|
||
In non-Org files, the search will look for the words in the link text. In
|
||
the above example the search would be for @samp{my target}.
|
||
|
||
Following a link pushes a mark onto Org's own mark ring. You can
|
||
return to the previous position with @kbd{C-c &}. Using this command
|
||
several times in direct succession goes back to positions recorded
|
||
earlier.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Radio targets
|
||
@subsection Radio targets
|
||
@cindex radio targets
|
||
@cindex targets, radio
|
||
@cindex links, radio targets
|
||
|
||
Org can automatically turn any occurrences of certain target names
|
||
in normal text into a link. So without explicitly creating a link, the
|
||
text connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are
|
||
enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target @samp{<<<My
|
||
Target>>>} causes each occurrence of @samp{my target} in normal text to
|
||
become activated as a link. The Org file is scanned automatically
|
||
for radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To
|
||
update the target list during editing, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the
|
||
cursor on or at a target.
|
||
|
||
@node External links
|
||
@section External links
|
||
@cindex links, external
|
||
@cindex external links
|
||
@cindex Gnus links
|
||
@cindex BBDB links
|
||
@cindex IRC links
|
||
@cindex URL links
|
||
@cindex file links
|
||
@cindex RMAIL links
|
||
@cindex MH-E links
|
||
@cindex USENET links
|
||
@cindex SHELL links
|
||
@cindex Info links
|
||
@cindex Elisp links
|
||
|
||
Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages, BBDB
|
||
database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their logs.
|
||
External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short identifying
|
||
string followed by a colon. There can be no space after the colon. The
|
||
following list shows examples for each link type.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik @r{on the web}
|
||
doi:10.1000/182 @r{DOI for an electronic resource}
|
||
file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg @r{file, absolute path}
|
||
/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg @r{same as above}
|
||
file:papers/last.pdf @r{file, relative path}
|
||
./papers/last.pdf @r{same as above}
|
||
file:/ssh:myself@@some.where:papers/last.pdf @r{file, path on remote machine}
|
||
/ssh:myself@@some.where:papers/last.pdf @r{same as above}
|
||
file:sometextfile::NNN @r{file, jump to line number}
|
||
file:projects.org @r{another Org file}
|
||
file:projects.org::some words @r{text search in Org file}@footnote{
|
||
The actual behavior of the search will depend on the value of
|
||
the option @code{org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline}. If its value
|
||
is @code{nil}, then a fuzzy text search will be done. If it is t, then only
|
||
the exact headline will be matched, ignoring spaces and cookies. If the
|
||
value is @code{query-to-create}, then an exact headline will be searched; if
|
||
it is not found, then the user will be queried to create it.}
|
||
file:projects.org::*task title @r{heading search in Org file}@footnote{
|
||
Headline searches always match the exact headline, ignoring
|
||
spaces and cookies. If the headline is not found and the value of the option
|
||
@code{org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline} is @code{query-to-create},
|
||
then the user will be queried to create it.}
|
||
docview:papers/last.pdf::NNN @r{open in doc-view mode at page}
|
||
id:B7423F4D-2E8A-471B-8810-C40F074717E9 @r{Link to heading by ID}
|
||
news:comp.emacs @r{Usenet link}
|
||
mailto:adent@@galaxy.net @r{Mail link}
|
||
mhe:folder @r{MH-E folder link}
|
||
mhe:folder#id @r{MH-E message link}
|
||
rmail:folder @r{RMAIL folder link}
|
||
rmail:folder#id @r{RMAIL message link}
|
||
gnus:group @r{Gnus group link}
|
||
gnus:group#id @r{Gnus article link}
|
||
bbdb:R.*Stallman @r{BBDB link (with regexp)}
|
||
irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob @r{IRC link}
|
||
info:org#External links @r{Info node or index link}
|
||
shell:ls *.org @r{A shell command}
|
||
elisp:org-agenda @r{Interactive Elisp command}
|
||
elisp:(find-file-other-frame "Elisp.org") @r{Elisp form to evaluate}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex VM links
|
||
@cindex WANDERLUST links
|
||
On top of these built-in link types, some are available through the
|
||
@code{contrib/} directory (@pxref{Installation}). For example, these links
|
||
to VM or Wanderlust messages are available when you load the corresponding
|
||
libraries from the @code{contrib/} directory:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
vm:folder @r{VM folder link}
|
||
vm:folder#id @r{VM message link}
|
||
vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id @r{VM on remote machine}
|
||
vm-imap:account:folder @r{VM IMAP folder link}
|
||
vm-imap:account:folder#id @r{VM IMAP message link}
|
||
wl:folder @r{WANDERLUST folder link}
|
||
wl:folder#id @r{WANDERLUST message link}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
For customizing Org to add new link types @ref{Adding hyperlink types}.
|
||
|
||
A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a descriptive
|
||
text to be displayed instead of the URL (@pxref{Link format}), for example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
If the description is a file name or URL that points to an image, HTML
|
||
export (@pxref{HTML export}) will inline the image as a clickable
|
||
button. If there is no description at all and the link points to an
|
||
image,
|
||
that image will be inlined into the exported HTML file.
|
||
|
||
@cindex square brackets, around links
|
||
@cindex plain text external links
|
||
Org also finds external links in the normal text and activates them
|
||
as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in
|
||
@samp{bbdb:Richard Stallman}), or if you need to remove ambiguities
|
||
about the end of the link, enclose them in square brackets.
|
||
|
||
@node Handling links
|
||
@section Handling links
|
||
@cindex links, handling
|
||
|
||
Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
|
||
insert it into an Org file, and to follow the link.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c l,org-store-link}
|
||
@cindex storing links
|
||
Store a link to the current location. This is a @emph{global} command (you
|
||
must create the key binding yourself) which can be used in any buffer to
|
||
create a link. The link will be stored for later insertion into an Org
|
||
buffer (see below). What kind of link will be created depends on the current
|
||
buffer:
|
||
|
||
@b{Org mode buffers}@*
|
||
For Org files, if there is a @samp{<<target>>} at the cursor, the link points
|
||
to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline, which will also
|
||
be the description@footnote{If the headline contains a timestamp, it will be
|
||
removed from the link and result in a wrong link---you should avoid putting
|
||
timestamp in the headline.}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-id-link-to-org-use-id
|
||
@cindex property, CUSTOM_ID
|
||
@cindex property, ID
|
||
If the headline has a @code{CUSTOM_ID} property, a link to this custom ID
|
||
will be stored. In addition or alternatively (depending on the value of
|
||
@code{org-id-link-to-org-use-id}), a globally unique @code{ID} property will
|
||
be created and/or used to construct a link@footnote{The library
|
||
@file{org-id.el} must first be loaded, either through @code{org-customize} by
|
||
enabling @code{org-id} in @code{org-modules}, or by adding @code{(require
|
||
'org-id)} in your Emacs init file.}. So using this command in Org buffers
|
||
will potentially create two links: a human-readable from the custom ID, and
|
||
one that is globally unique and works even if the entry is moved from file to
|
||
file. Later, when inserting the link, you need to decide which one to use.
|
||
|
||
@b{Email/News clients: VM, Rmail, Wanderlust, MH-E, Gnus}@*
|
||
Pretty much all Emacs mail clients are supported. The link will point to the
|
||
current article, or, in some GNUS buffers, to the group. The description is
|
||
constructed from the author and the subject.
|
||
|
||
@b{Web browsers: Eww, W3 and W3M}@*
|
||
Here the link will be the current URL, with the page title as description.
|
||
|
||
@b{Contacts: BBDB}@*
|
||
Links created in a BBDB buffer will point to the current entry.
|
||
|
||
@b{Chat: IRC}@*
|
||
@vindex org-irc-link-to-logs
|
||
For IRC links, if you set the option @code{org-irc-link-to-logs} to @code{t},
|
||
a @samp{file:/} style link to the relevant point in the logs for the current
|
||
conversation is created. Otherwise an @samp{irc:/} style link to the
|
||
user/channel/server under the point will be stored.
|
||
|
||
@b{Other files}@*
|
||
For any other files, the link will point to the file, with a search string
|
||
(@pxref{Search options}) pointing to the contents of the current line. If
|
||
there is an active region, the selected words will form the basis of the
|
||
search string. If the automatically created link is not working correctly or
|
||
accurately enough, you can write custom functions to select the search string
|
||
and to do the search for particular file types---see @ref{Custom searches}.
|
||
The key binding @kbd{C-c l} is only a suggestion---see @ref{Installation}.
|
||
|
||
@b{Agenda view}@*
|
||
When the cursor is in an agenda view, the created link points to the
|
||
entry referenced by the current line.
|
||
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-l,org-insert-link}
|
||
@cindex link completion
|
||
@cindex completion, of links
|
||
@cindex inserting links
|
||
@vindex org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion
|
||
@vindex org-link-parameters
|
||
Insert a link@footnote{Note that you don't have to use this command to
|
||
insert a link. Links in Org are plain text, and you can type or paste them
|
||
straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links are automatically
|
||
enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for the optional
|
||
descriptive text.}. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer.
|
||
You can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the link
|
||
type prefixes mentioned in the examples above. The link will be inserted
|
||
into the buffer@footnote{After insertion of a stored link, the link will be
|
||
removed from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list later use, use
|
||
a triple @kbd{C-u} prefix argument to @kbd{C-c C-l}, or configure the option
|
||
@code{org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion}.}, along with a descriptive text.
|
||
If some text was selected when this command is called, the selected text
|
||
becomes the default description.
|
||
|
||
@b{Inserting stored links}@*
|
||
All links stored during the
|
||
current session are part of the history for this prompt, so you can access
|
||
them with @key{up} and @key{down} (or @kbd{M-p/n}).
|
||
|
||
@b{Completion support}@* Completion with @key{TAB} will help you to insert
|
||
valid link prefixes like @samp{http:} or @samp{ftp:}, including the prefixes
|
||
defined through link abbreviations (@pxref{Link abbreviations}). If you
|
||
press @key{RET} after inserting only the @var{prefix}, Org will offer
|
||
specific completion support for some link types@footnote{This works if
|
||
a completion function is defined in the @samp{:complete} property of a link
|
||
in @code{org-link-parameters}.} For example, if you type @kbd{file
|
||
@key{RET}}, file name completion (alternative access: @kbd{C-u C-c C-l}, see
|
||
below) will be offered, and after @kbd{bbdb @key{RET}} you can complete
|
||
contact names.
|
||
@orgkey C-u C-c C-l
|
||
@cindex file name completion
|
||
@cindex completion, of file names
|
||
When @kbd{C-c C-l} is called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, a link to
|
||
a file will be inserted and you may use file name completion to select
|
||
the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted relative to the
|
||
directory of the current Org file, if the linked file is in the current
|
||
directory or in a sub-directory of it, or if the path is written relative
|
||
to the current directory using @samp{../}. Otherwise an absolute path
|
||
is used, if possible with @samp{~/} for your home directory. You can
|
||
force an absolute path with two @kbd{C-u} prefixes.
|
||
@c
|
||
@item C-c C-l @ @r{(with cursor on existing link)}
|
||
When the cursor is on an existing link, @kbd{C-c C-l} allows you to edit the
|
||
link and description parts of the link.
|
||
@c
|
||
@cindex following links
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-o,org-open-at-point}
|
||
@vindex org-file-apps
|
||
@vindex org-link-frame-setup
|
||
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
|
||
@command{browse-url-at-point}), run VM/MH-E/Wanderlust/Rmail/Gnus/BBDB for
|
||
the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link. When the
|
||
cursor is on an internal link, this command runs the corresponding search.
|
||
When the cursor is on a TAG list in a headline, it creates the corresponding
|
||
TAGS view. If the cursor is on a timestamp, it compiles the agenda for that
|
||
date. Furthermore, it will visit text and remote files in @samp{file:} links
|
||
with Emacs and select a suitable application for local non-text files.
|
||
Classification of files is based on file extension only. See option
|
||
@code{org-file-apps}. If you want to override the default application and
|
||
visit the file with Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u} prefix. If you want to avoid
|
||
opening in Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u C-u} prefix.@*
|
||
If the cursor is on a headline, but not on a link, offer all links in the
|
||
headline and entry text. If you want to setup the frame configuration for
|
||
following links, customize @code{org-link-frame-setup}.
|
||
|
||
@orgkey @key{RET}
|
||
@vindex org-return-follows-link
|
||
When @code{org-return-follows-link} is set, @kbd{@key{RET}} will also follow
|
||
the link at point.
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex mouse-2
|
||
@kindex mouse-1
|
||
@item mouse-2
|
||
@itemx mouse-1
|
||
On links, @kbd{mouse-1} and @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just as @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-o} would.
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex mouse-3
|
||
@item mouse-3
|
||
@vindex org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer
|
||
Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with Emacs, and
|
||
internal links to be displayed in another window@footnote{See the
|
||
option @code{org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer}}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-v,org-toggle-inline-images}
|
||
@cindex inlining images
|
||
@cindex images, inlining
|
||
@vindex org-startup-with-inline-images
|
||
@cindex @code{inlineimages}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{noinlineimages}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
Toggle the inline display of linked images. Normally this will only inline
|
||
images that have no description part in the link, i.e., images that will also
|
||
be inlined during export. When called with a prefix argument, also display
|
||
images that do have a link description. You can ask for inline images to be
|
||
displayed at startup by configuring the variable
|
||
@code{org-startup-with-inline-images}@footnote{with corresponding
|
||
@code{#+STARTUP} keywords @code{inlineimages} and @code{noinlineimages}}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c %,org-mark-ring-push}
|
||
@cindex mark ring
|
||
Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to return
|
||
easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c &,org-mark-ring-goto}
|
||
@cindex links, returning to
|
||
Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the
|
||
commands following internal links, and by @kbd{C-c %}. Using this
|
||
command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
|
||
previously recorded positions.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{C-c C-x C-n,C-c C-x C-p,org-next-link,org-previous-link}
|
||
@cindex links, finding next/previous
|
||
Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the limit of
|
||
the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps around. The key
|
||
bindings for this are really too long; you might want to bind this also
|
||
to @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p}
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'org-load-hook
|
||
(lambda ()
|
||
(define-key org-mode-map "\C-n" 'org-next-link)
|
||
(define-key org-mode-map "\C-p" 'org-previous-link)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Using links outside Org
|
||
@section Using links outside Org
|
||
|
||
You can insert and follow links that have Org syntax not only in
|
||
Org, but in any Emacs buffer. For this, you should create two
|
||
global commands, like this (please select suitable global keys
|
||
yourself):
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(global-set-key "\C-c L" 'org-insert-link-global)
|
||
(global-set-key "\C-c o" 'org-open-at-point-global)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Link abbreviations
|
||
@section Link abbreviations
|
||
@cindex link abbreviations
|
||
@cindex abbreviation, links
|
||
|
||
Long URLs can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are
|
||
needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An
|
||
abbreviated link looks like this
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[linkword:tag][description]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-link-abbrev-alist
|
||
where the tag is optional.
|
||
The @i{linkword} must be a word, starting with a letter, followed by
|
||
letters, numbers, @samp{-}, and @samp{_}. Abbreviations are resolved
|
||
according to the information in the variable @code{org-link-abbrev-alist}
|
||
that relates the linkwords to replacement text. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-link-abbrev-alist
|
||
'(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=")
|
||
("url-to-ja" . "http://translate.google.fr/translate?sl=en&tl=ja&u=%h")
|
||
("google" . "http://www.google.com/search?q=")
|
||
("gmap" . "http://maps.google.com/maps?q=%s")
|
||
("omap" . "http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=%s&polygon=1")
|
||
("ads" . "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?author=%s&db_key=AST")))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
If the replacement text contains the string @samp{%s}, it will be
|
||
replaced with the tag. Using @samp{%h} instead of @samp{%s} will
|
||
url-encode the tag (see the example above, where we need to encode
|
||
the URL parameter.) Using @samp{%(my-function)} will pass the tag
|
||
to a custom function, and replace it by the resulting string.
|
||
|
||
If the replacement text doesn't contain any specifier, the tag will simply be
|
||
appended in order to create the link.
|
||
|
||
Instead of a string, you may also specify a function that will be
|
||
called with the tag as the only argument to create the link.
|
||
|
||
With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with
|
||
@code{[[bugzilla:129]]}, search the web for @samp{OrgMode} with
|
||
@code{[[google:OrgMode]]}, show the map location of the Free Software
|
||
Foundation @code{[[gmap:51 Franklin Street, Boston]]} or of Carsten office
|
||
@code{[[omap:Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands]]} and find out
|
||
what the Org author is doing besides Emacs hacking with
|
||
@code{[[ads:Dominik,C]]}.
|
||
|
||
If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org buffer, you
|
||
can define them in the file with
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+LINK
|
||
@example
|
||
#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=
|
||
#+LINK: google http://www.google.com/search?q=%s
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
In-buffer completion (@pxref{Completion}) can be used after @samp{[} to
|
||
complete link abbreviations. You may also define a function that implements
|
||
special (e.g., completion) support for inserting such a link with @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-l}. Such a function should not accept any arguments, and return the full
|
||
link with prefix. You can add a completion function to a link like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(org-link-set-parameters ``type'' :complete #'some-function)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Search options
|
||
@section Search options in file links
|
||
@cindex search option in file links
|
||
@cindex file links, searching
|
||
|
||
File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
|
||
particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
|
||
line number or a search option after a double@footnote{For backward
|
||
compatibility, line numbers can also follow a single colon.} colon. For
|
||
example, when the command @kbd{C-c l} creates a link (@pxref{Handling
|
||
links}) to a file, it encodes the words in the current line as a search
|
||
string that can be used to find this line back later when following the
|
||
link with @kbd{C-c C-o}.
|
||
|
||
Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file
|
||
link, together with an explanation:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[file:~/code/main.c::255]]
|
||
[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]]
|
||
[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]]
|
||
[[file:~/xx.org::#my-custom-id]]
|
||
[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item 255
|
||
Jump to line 255.
|
||
@item My Target
|
||
Search for a link target @samp{<<My Target>>}, or do a text search for
|
||
@samp{my target}, similar to the search in internal links, see
|
||
@ref{Internal links}. In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such a file
|
||
link will become an HTML reference to the corresponding named anchor in
|
||
the linked file.
|
||
@item *My Target
|
||
In an Org file, restrict search to headlines.
|
||
@item #my-custom-id
|
||
Link to a heading with a @code{CUSTOM_ID} property
|
||
@item /regexp/
|
||
Do a regular expression search for @code{regexp}. This uses the Emacs
|
||
command @code{occur} to list all matches in a separate window. If the
|
||
target file is in Org mode, @code{org-occur} is used to create a
|
||
sparse tree with the matches.
|
||
@c If the target file is a directory,
|
||
@c @code{grep} will be used to search all files in the directory.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
|
||
to search the current file. For example, @code{[[file:::find me]]} does
|
||
a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just as
|
||
@samp{[[find me]]} would.
|
||
|
||
@node Custom searches
|
||
@section Custom Searches
|
||
@cindex custom search strings
|
||
@cindex search strings, custom
|
||
|
||
The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the
|
||
actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all
|
||
cases. For example, Bib@TeX{} database files have many entries like
|
||
@samp{year="1993"} which would not result in good search strings,
|
||
because the only unique identification for a Bib@TeX{} entry is the
|
||
citation key.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-create-file-search-functions
|
||
@vindex org-execute-file-search-functions
|
||
If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to set
|
||
the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the search
|
||
for the string in the file. Using @code{add-hook}, these functions need
|
||
to be added to the hook variables
|
||
@code{org-create-file-search-functions} and
|
||
@code{org-execute-file-search-functions}. See the docstring for these
|
||
variables for more information. Org actually uses this mechanism
|
||
for Bib@TeX{} database files, and you can use the corresponding code as
|
||
an implementation example. See the file @file{org-bibtex.el}.
|
||
|
||
@node TODO items
|
||
@chapter TODO items
|
||
@cindex TODO items
|
||
|
||
Org mode does not maintain TODO lists as separate documents@footnote{Of
|
||
course, you can make a document that contains only long lists of TODO items,
|
||
but this is not required.}. Instead, TODO items are an integral part of the
|
||
notes file, because TODO items usually come up while taking notes! With Org
|
||
mode, simply mark any entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way,
|
||
information is not duplicated, and the entire context from which the TODO
|
||
item emerged is always present.
|
||
|
||
Of course, this technique for managing TODO items scatters them
|
||
throughout your notes file. Org mode compensates for this by providing
|
||
methods to give you an overview of all the things that you have to do.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
|
||
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
|
||
* Progress logging:: Dates and notes for progress
|
||
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
|
||
* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces
|
||
* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node TODO basics
|
||
@section Basic TODO functionality
|
||
|
||
Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word
|
||
@samp{TODO}, for example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The most important commands to work with TODO entries are:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-t,org-todo}
|
||
@cindex cycling, of TODO states
|
||
@vindex org-use-fast-todo-selection
|
||
|
||
Rotate the TODO state of the current item among
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
|
||
'--------------------------------'
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If TODO keywords have fast access keys (see @ref{Fast access to TODO
|
||
states}), you will be prompted for a TODO keyword through the fast selection
|
||
interface; this is the default behavior when
|
||
@code{org-use-fast-todo-selection} is non-@code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from agenda buffers with the
|
||
@kbd{t} command key (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
||
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c C-t}
|
||
When TODO keywords have no selection keys, select a specific keyword using
|
||
completion; otherwise force cycling through TODO states with no prompt. When
|
||
@code{org-use-fast-todo-selection} is set to @code{prefix}, use the fast
|
||
selection interface.
|
||
|
||
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
||
@item S-@key{right} @ @r{/} @ S-@key{left}
|
||
@vindex org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change
|
||
Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. Useful
|
||
mostly if more than two TODO states are possible (@pxref{TODO
|
||
extensions}). See also @ref{Conflicts}, for a discussion of the interaction
|
||
with @code{shift-selection-mode}. See also the variable
|
||
@code{org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c / t,org-show-todo-tree}
|
||
@cindex sparse tree, for TODO
|
||
@vindex org-todo-keywords
|
||
View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (@pxref{Sparse trees}). Folds the
|
||
entire buffer, but shows all TODO items (with not-DONE state) and the
|
||
headings hierarchy above them. With a prefix argument (or by using @kbd{C-c
|
||
/ T}), search for a specific TODO@. You will be prompted for the keyword,
|
||
and you can also give a list of keywords like @code{KWD1|KWD2|...} to list
|
||
entries that match any one of these keywords. With a numeric prefix argument
|
||
N, show the tree for the Nth keyword in the option @code{org-todo-keywords}.
|
||
With two prefix arguments, find all TODO states, both un-done and done.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a t,org-todo-list}
|
||
Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items (with not-DONE states)
|
||
from all agenda files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer. The new
|
||
buffer will be in @code{agenda-mode}, which provides commands to examine and
|
||
manipulate the TODO entries from the new buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
||
@xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
|
||
@orgcmd{S-M-@key{RET},org-insert-todo-heading}
|
||
Insert a new TODO entry below the current one.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-todo-state-tags-triggers
|
||
Changing a TODO state can also trigger tag changes. See the docstring of the
|
||
option @code{org-todo-state-tags-triggers} for details.
|
||
|
||
@node TODO extensions
|
||
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
|
||
@cindex extended TODO keywords
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-todo-keywords
|
||
By default, marked TODO entries have one of only two states: TODO and
|
||
DONE@. Org mode allows you to classify TODO items in more complex ways
|
||
with @emph{TODO keywords} (stored in @code{org-todo-keywords}). With
|
||
special setup, the TODO keyword system can work differently in different
|
||
files.
|
||
|
||
Note that @i{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and
|
||
TODO items in particular (@pxref{Tags}).
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
|
||
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred does the rest
|
||
* Multiple sets in one file:: Mixing it all, and still finding your way
|
||
* Fast access to TODO states:: Single letter selection of a state
|
||
* Per-file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
|
||
* Faces for TODO keywords:: Highlighting states
|
||
* TODO dependencies:: When one task needs to wait for others
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Workflow states
|
||
@subsection TODO keywords as workflow states
|
||
@cindex TODO workflow
|
||
@cindex workflow states as TODO keywords
|
||
|
||
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different @emph{sequential} states
|
||
in the process of working on an item, for example@footnote{Changing
|
||
this variable only becomes effective after restarting Org mode in a
|
||
buffer.}:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
||
'((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The vertical bar separates the TODO keywords (states that @emph{need
|
||
action}) from the DONE states (which need @emph{no further action}). If
|
||
you don't provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the DONE
|
||
state.
|
||
@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
|
||
With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} will cycle an entry from TODO
|
||
to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE and DELEGATED@. You may
|
||
also use a numeric prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For
|
||
example @kbd{C-3 C-c C-t} will change the state immediately to VERIFY@.
|
||
Or you can use @kbd{S-@key{left}} to go backward through the sequence. If you
|
||
define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion
|
||
(@pxref{Completion}) or even a special one-key selection scheme
|
||
(@pxref{Fast access to TODO states}) to insert these words into the
|
||
buffer. Changing a TODO state can be logged with a timestamp, see
|
||
@ref{Tracking TODO state changes}, for more information.
|
||
|
||
@node TODO types
|
||
@subsection TODO keywords as types
|
||
@cindex TODO types
|
||
@cindex names as TODO keywords
|
||
@cindex types as TODO keywords
|
||
|
||
The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
|
||
@emph{types} of action items. For example, you might want to indicate
|
||
that items are for ``work'' or ``home''. Or, when you work with several
|
||
people on a single project, you might want to assign action items
|
||
directly to persons, by using their names as TODO keywords. This would
|
||
be set up like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-todo-keywords '((type "Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "|" "DONE")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but rather
|
||
different types. So the normal work flow would be to assign a task to
|
||
a person, and later to mark it DONE@. Org mode supports this style by
|
||
adapting the workings of the command @kbd{C-c C-t}@footnote{This is also true
|
||
for the @kbd{t} command in the agenda buffers.}. When used several times in
|
||
succession, it will still cycle through all names, in order to first select
|
||
the right type for a task. But when you return to the item after some time
|
||
and execute @kbd{C-c C-t} again, it will switch from any name directly to
|
||
DONE@. Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select a specific name.
|
||
You can also review the items of a specific TODO type in a sparse tree by
|
||
using a numeric prefix to @kbd{C-c / t}. For example, to see all things Lucy
|
||
has to do, you would use @kbd{C-3 C-c / t}. To collect Lucy's items from all
|
||
agenda files into a single buffer, you would use the numeric prefix argument
|
||
as well when creating the global TODO list: @kbd{C-3 C-c a t}.
|
||
|
||
@node Multiple sets in one file
|
||
@subsection Multiple keyword sets in one file
|
||
@cindex TODO keyword sets
|
||
|
||
Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in
|
||
parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic
|
||
@code{TODO}/@code{DONE}, but also a workflow for bug fixing, and a
|
||
separate state indicating that an item has been canceled (so it is not
|
||
DONE, but also does not require action). Your setup would then look
|
||
like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
||
'((sequence "TODO" "|" "DONE")
|
||
(sequence "REPORT" "BUG" "KNOWNCAUSE" "|" "FIXED")
|
||
(sequence "|" "CANCELED")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode to keep track
|
||
of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. In this setup,
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-t} only operates within a subsequence, so it switches from
|
||
@code{DONE} to (nothing) to @code{TODO}, and from @code{FIXED} to
|
||
(nothing) to @code{REPORT}. Therefore you need a mechanism to initially
|
||
select the correct sequence. Besides the obvious ways like typing a
|
||
keyword or using completion, you may also apply the following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-S-@key{right}
|
||
@kindex C-S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-t
|
||
@item C-u C-u C-c C-t
|
||
@itemx C-S-@key{right}
|
||
@itemx C-S-@key{left}
|
||
These keys jump from one TODO subset to the next. In the above example,
|
||
@kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-t} or @kbd{C-S-@key{right}} would jump from @code{TODO} or
|
||
@code{DONE} to @code{REPORT}, and any of the words in the second row to
|
||
@code{CANCELED}. Note that the @kbd{C-S-} key binding conflict with
|
||
@code{shift-selection-mode} (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
||
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
||
@item S-@key{right}
|
||
@itemx S-@key{left}
|
||
@kbd{S-@key{left}} and @kbd{S-@key{right}} and walk through @emph{all}
|
||
keywords from all sets, so for example @kbd{S-@key{right}} would switch
|
||
from @code{DONE} to @code{REPORT} in the example above. See also
|
||
@ref{Conflicts}, for a discussion of the interaction with
|
||
@code{shift-selection-mode}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Fast access to TODO states
|
||
@subsection Fast access to TODO states
|
||
|
||
If you would like to quickly change an entry to an arbitrary TODO state
|
||
instead of cycling through the states, you can set up keys for single-letter
|
||
access to the states. This is done by adding the selection character after
|
||
each keyword, in parentheses@footnote{All characters are allowed except
|
||
@code{@@^!}, which have a special meaning here.}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
||
'((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)")
|
||
(sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)")
|
||
(sequence "|" "CANCELED(c)")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo
|
||
If you then press @kbd{C-c C-t} followed by the selection key, the entry
|
||
will be switched to this state. @kbd{SPC} can be used to remove any TODO
|
||
keyword from an entry.@footnote{Check also the option
|
||
@code{org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo}, it allows you to change the TODO
|
||
state through the tags interface (@pxref{Setting tags}), in case you like to
|
||
mingle the two concepts. Note that this means you need to come up with
|
||
unique keys across both sets of keywords.}
|
||
|
||
@node Per-file keywords
|
||
@subsection Setting up keywords for individual files
|
||
@cindex keyword options
|
||
@cindex per-file keywords
|
||
@cindex #+TODO
|
||
@cindex #+TYP_TODO
|
||
@cindex #+SEQ_TODO
|
||
|
||
It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
|
||
different files. For file-local settings, you need to add special lines to
|
||
the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that file only. For
|
||
example, to set one of the two examples discussed above, you need one of the
|
||
following lines anywhere in the file:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY | DONE CANCELED
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent (you may also write @code{#+SEQ_TODO} to be explicit about the
|
||
interpretation, but it means the same as @code{#+TODO}), or
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike | DONE
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
A setup for using several sets in parallel would be:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TODO: TODO | DONE
|
||
#+TODO: REPORT BUG KNOWNCAUSE | FIXED
|
||
#+TODO: | CANCELED
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex completion, of option keywords
|
||
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
||
@noindent To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type
|
||
@samp{#+} into the buffer and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion.
|
||
|
||
@cindex DONE, final TODO keyword
|
||
Remember that the keywords after the vertical bar (or the last keyword
|
||
if no bar is there) must always mean that the item is DONE (although you
|
||
may use a different word). After changing one of these lines, use
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the line to make the changes
|
||
known to Org mode@footnote{Org mode parses these lines only when
|
||
Org mode is activated after visiting a file. @kbd{C-c C-c} with the
|
||
cursor in a line starting with @samp{#+} is simply restarting Org mode
|
||
for the current buffer.}.
|
||
|
||
@node Faces for TODO keywords
|
||
@subsection Faces for TODO keywords
|
||
@cindex faces, for TODO keywords
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-todo @r{(face)}
|
||
@vindex org-done @r{(face)}
|
||
@vindex org-todo-keyword-faces
|
||
Org mode highlights TODO keywords with special faces: @code{org-todo}
|
||
for keywords indicating that an item still has to be acted upon, and
|
||
@code{org-done} for keywords indicating that an item is finished. If
|
||
you are using more than 2 different states, you might want to use
|
||
special faces for some of them. This can be done using the option
|
||
@code{org-todo-keyword-faces}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-todo-keyword-faces
|
||
'(("TODO" . org-warning) ("STARTED" . "yellow")
|
||
("CANCELED" . (:foreground "blue" :weight bold))))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
While using a list with face properties as shown for CANCELED @emph{should}
|
||
work, this does not always seem to be the case. If necessary, define a
|
||
special face and use that. A string is interpreted as a color. The option
|
||
@code{org-faces-easy-properties} determines if that color is interpreted as a
|
||
foreground or a background color.
|
||
|
||
@node TODO dependencies
|
||
@subsection TODO dependencies
|
||
@cindex TODO dependencies
|
||
@cindex dependencies, of TODO states
|
||
@cindex TODO dependencies, NOBLOCKING
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-enforce-todo-dependencies
|
||
@cindex property, ORDERED
|
||
The structure of Org files (hierarchy and lists) makes it easy to define TODO
|
||
dependencies. Usually, a parent TODO task should not be marked DONE until
|
||
all subtasks (defined as children tasks) are marked as DONE@. And sometimes
|
||
there is a logical sequence to a number of (sub)tasks, so that one task
|
||
cannot be acted upon before all siblings above it are done. If you customize
|
||
the option @code{org-enforce-todo-dependencies}, Org will block entries
|
||
from changing state to DONE while they have children that are not DONE@.
|
||
Furthermore, if an entry has a property @code{ORDERED}, each of its children
|
||
will be blocked until all earlier siblings are marked DONE@. Here is an
|
||
example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* TODO Blocked until (two) is done
|
||
** DONE one
|
||
** TODO two
|
||
|
||
* Parent
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:ORDERED: t
|
||
:END:
|
||
** TODO a
|
||
** TODO b, needs to wait for (a)
|
||
** TODO c, needs to wait for (a) and (b)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
You can ensure an entry is never blocked by using the @code{NOBLOCKING}
|
||
property:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* This entry is never blocked
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:NOBLOCKING: t
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x o,org-toggle-ordered-property}
|
||
@vindex org-track-ordered-property-with-tag
|
||
@cindex property, ORDERED
|
||
Toggle the @code{ORDERED} property of the current entry. A property is used
|
||
for this behavior because this should be local to the current entry, not
|
||
inherited like a tag. However, if you would like to @i{track} the value of
|
||
this property with a tag for better visibility, customize the option
|
||
@code{org-track-ordered-property-with-tag}.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t}
|
||
Change TODO state, circumventing any state blocking.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks
|
||
If you set the option @code{org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks}, TODO entries
|
||
that cannot be closed because of such dependencies will be shown in a dimmed
|
||
font or even made invisible in agenda views (@pxref{Agenda views}).
|
||
|
||
@cindex checkboxes and TODO dependencies
|
||
@vindex org-enforce-todo-dependencies
|
||
You can also block changes of TODO states by looking at checkboxes
|
||
(@pxref{Checkboxes}). If you set the option
|
||
@code{org-enforce-todo-checkbox-dependencies}, an entry that has unchecked
|
||
checkboxes will be blocked from switching to DONE.
|
||
|
||
If you need more complex dependency structures, for example dependencies
|
||
between entries in different trees or files, check out the contributed
|
||
module @file{org-depend.el}.
|
||
|
||
@page
|
||
@node Progress logging
|
||
@section Progress logging
|
||
@cindex progress logging
|
||
@cindex logging, of progress
|
||
|
||
Org mode can automatically record a timestamp and possibly a note when
|
||
you mark a TODO item as DONE, or even each time you change the state of
|
||
a TODO item. This system is highly configurable; settings can be on a
|
||
per-keyword basis and can be localized to a file or even a subtree. For
|
||
information on how to clock working time for a task, see @ref{Clocking
|
||
work time}.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
|
||
* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
|
||
* Tracking your habits:: How consistent have you been?
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Closing items
|
||
@subsection Closing items
|
||
|
||
The most basic logging is to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO
|
||
item was finished. This is achieved with@footnote{The corresponding
|
||
in-buffer setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: logdone}}
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-log-done 'time)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-closed-keep-when-no-todo
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) state into any of the
|
||
DONE states, a line @samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted just after
|
||
the headline. If you turn the entry back into a TODO item through further
|
||
state cycling, that line will be removed again. If you turn the entry back
|
||
to a non-TODO state (by pressing @key{C-c C-t SPC} for example), that line
|
||
will also be removed, unless you set @code{org-closed-keep-when-no-todo} to
|
||
non-@code{nil}. If you want to record a note along with the timestamp,
|
||
use@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is: @code{#+STARTUP:
|
||
lognotedone}.}
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-log-done 'note)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
You will then be prompted for a note, and that note will be stored below
|
||
the entry with a @samp{Closing Note} heading.
|
||
|
||
@node Tracking TODO state changes
|
||
@subsection Tracking TODO state changes
|
||
@cindex drawer, for state change recording
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-log-states-order-reversed
|
||
@vindex org-log-into-drawer
|
||
@cindex property, LOG_INTO_DRAWER
|
||
When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (@pxref{Workflow states}), you
|
||
might want to keep track of when a state change occurred and maybe take a
|
||
note about this change. You can either record just a timestamp, or a
|
||
time-stamped note for a change. These records will be inserted after the
|
||
headline as an itemized list, newest first@footnote{See the option
|
||
@code{org-log-states-order-reversed}}. When taking a lot of notes, you might
|
||
want to get the notes out of the way into a drawer (@pxref{Drawers}).
|
||
Customize @code{org-log-into-drawer} to get this behavior---the recommended
|
||
drawer for this is called @code{LOGBOOK}@footnote{Note that the
|
||
@code{LOGBOOK} drawer is unfolded when pressing @key{SPC} in the agenda to
|
||
show an entry---use @key{C-u SPC} to keep it folded here}. You can also
|
||
overrule the setting of this variable for a subtree by setting a
|
||
@code{LOG_INTO_DRAWER} property.
|
||
|
||
Since it is normally too much to record a note for every state, Org mode
|
||
expects configuration on a per-keyword basis for this. This is achieved by
|
||
adding special markers @samp{!} (for a timestamp) or @samp{@@} (for a note
|
||
with timestamp) in parentheses after each keyword. For example, with the
|
||
setting
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
||
'((sequence "TODO(t)" "WAIT(w@@/!)" "|" "DONE(d!)" "CANCELED(c@@)")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
To record a timestamp without a note for TODO keywords configured with
|
||
@samp{@@}, just type @kbd{C-c C-c} to enter a blank note when prompted.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-log-done
|
||
You not only define global TODO keywords and fast access keys, but also
|
||
request that a time is recorded when the entry is set to
|
||
DONE@footnote{It is possible that Org mode will record two timestamps
|
||
when you are using both @code{org-log-done} and state change logging.
|
||
However, it will never prompt for two notes---if you have configured
|
||
both, the state change recording note will take precedence and cancel
|
||
the @samp{Closing Note}.}, and that a note is recorded when switching to
|
||
WAIT or CANCELED@. The setting for WAIT is even more special: the
|
||
@samp{!} after the slash means that in addition to the note taken when
|
||
entering the state, a timestamp should be recorded when @i{leaving} the
|
||
WAIT state, if and only if the @i{target} state does not configure
|
||
logging for entering it. So it has no effect when switching from WAIT
|
||
to DONE, because DONE is configured to record a timestamp only. But
|
||
when switching from WAIT back to TODO, the @samp{/!} in the WAIT
|
||
setting now triggers a timestamp even though TODO has no logging
|
||
configured.
|
||
|
||
You can use the exact same syntax for setting logging preferences local
|
||
to a buffer:
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@@)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, LOGGING
|
||
In order to define logging settings that are local to a subtree or a
|
||
single item, define a LOGGING property in this entry. Any non-empty
|
||
LOGGING property resets all logging settings to @code{nil}. You may then turn
|
||
on logging for this specific tree using STARTUP keywords like
|
||
@code{lognotedone} or @code{logrepeat}, as well as adding state specific
|
||
settings like @code{TODO(!)}. For example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* TODO Log each state with only a time
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:LOGGING: TODO(!) WAIT(!) DONE(!) CANCELED(!)
|
||
:END:
|
||
* TODO Only log when switching to WAIT, and when repeating
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:LOGGING: WAIT(@@) logrepeat
|
||
:END:
|
||
* TODO No logging at all
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:LOGGING: nil
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Tracking your habits
|
||
@subsection Tracking your habits
|
||
@cindex habits
|
||
|
||
Org has the ability to track the consistency of a special category of TODOs,
|
||
called ``habits''. A habit has the following properties:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
You have enabled the @code{habits} module by customizing @code{org-modules}.
|
||
@item
|
||
The habit is a TODO item, with a TODO keyword representing an open state.
|
||
@item
|
||
The property @code{STYLE} is set to the value @code{habit}.
|
||
@item
|
||
The TODO has a scheduled date, usually with a @code{.+} style repeat
|
||
interval. A @code{++} style may be appropriate for habits with time
|
||
constraints, e.g., must be done on weekends, or a @code{+} style for an
|
||
unusual habit that can have a backlog, e.g., weekly reports.
|
||
@item
|
||
The TODO may also have minimum and maximum ranges specified by using the
|
||
syntax @samp{.+2d/3d}, which says that you want to do the task at least every
|
||
three days, but at most every two days.
|
||
@item
|
||
You must also have state logging for the @code{DONE} state enabled
|
||
(@pxref{Tracking TODO state changes}), in order for historical data to be
|
||
represented in the consistency graph. If it is not enabled it is not an
|
||
error, but the consistency graphs will be largely meaningless.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
To give you an idea of what the above rules look like in action, here's an
|
||
actual habit with some history:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
** TODO Shave
|
||
SCHEDULED: <2009-10-17 Sat .+2d/4d>
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:STYLE: habit
|
||
:LAST_REPEAT: [2009-10-19 Mon 00:36]
|
||
:END:
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-15 Thu]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-12 Mon]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-10 Sat]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-04 Sun]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-02 Fri]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-29 Tue]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-25 Fri]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-19 Sat]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-16 Wed]
|
||
- State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-12 Sat]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
What this habit says is: I want to shave at most every 2 days (given by the
|
||
@code{SCHEDULED} date and repeat interval) and at least every 4 days. If
|
||
today is the 15th, then the habit first appears in the agenda on Oct 17,
|
||
after the minimum of 2 days has elapsed, and will appear overdue on Oct 19,
|
||
after four days have elapsed.
|
||
|
||
What's really useful about habits is that they are displayed along with a
|
||
consistency graph, to show how consistent you've been at getting that task
|
||
done in the past. This graph shows every day that the task was done over the
|
||
past three weeks, with colors for each day. The colors used are:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item Blue
|
||
If the task wasn't to be done yet on that day.
|
||
@item Green
|
||
If the task could have been done on that day.
|
||
@item Yellow
|
||
If the task was going to be overdue the next day.
|
||
@item Red
|
||
If the task was overdue on that day.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
In addition to coloring each day, the day is also marked with an asterisk if
|
||
the task was actually done that day, and an exclamation mark to show where
|
||
the current day falls in the graph.
|
||
|
||
There are several configuration variables that can be used to change the way
|
||
habits are displayed in the agenda.
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item org-habit-graph-column
|
||
The buffer column at which the consistency graph should be drawn. This will
|
||
overwrite any text in that column, so it is a good idea to keep your habits'
|
||
titles brief and to the point.
|
||
@item org-habit-preceding-days
|
||
The amount of history, in days before today, to appear in consistency graphs.
|
||
@item org-habit-following-days
|
||
The number of days after today that will appear in consistency graphs.
|
||
@item org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today
|
||
If non-@code{nil}, only show habits in today's agenda view. This is set to true by
|
||
default.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Lastly, pressing @kbd{K} in the agenda buffer will cause habits to
|
||
temporarily be disabled and they won't appear at all. Press @kbd{K} again to
|
||
bring them back. They are also subject to tag filtering, if you have habits
|
||
which should only be done in certain contexts, for example.
|
||
|
||
@node Priorities
|
||
@section Priorities
|
||
@cindex priorities
|
||
|
||
If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up with enough TODO items that
|
||
it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be done by
|
||
placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the headline of a TODO item, like this
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-priority-faces
|
||
By default, Org mode supports three priorities: @samp{A}, @samp{B}, and
|
||
@samp{C}. @samp{A} is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie is
|
||
treated just like priority @samp{B}. Priorities make a difference only for
|
||
sorting in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}); outside the agenda, they
|
||
have no inherent meaning to Org mode. The cookies can be highlighted with
|
||
special faces by customizing @code{org-priority-faces}.
|
||
|
||
Priorities can be attached to any outline node; they do not need to be TODO
|
||
items.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c ,}
|
||
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
|
||
@findex org-priority
|
||
Set the priority of the current headline (@command{org-priority}). The
|
||
command prompts for a priority character @samp{A}, @samp{B} or @samp{C}.
|
||
When you press @key{SPC} instead, the priority cookie is removed from the
|
||
headline. The priorities can also be changed ``remotely'' from the agenda
|
||
buffer with the @kbd{,} command (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{S-@key{up},S-@key{down},org-priority-up,org-priority-down}
|
||
@vindex org-priority-start-cycle-with-default
|
||
Increase/decrease priority of current headline@footnote{See also the option
|
||
@code{org-priority-start-cycle-with-default}.}. Note that these keys are
|
||
also used to modify timestamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}). See also
|
||
@ref{Conflicts}, for a discussion of the interaction with
|
||
@code{shift-selection-mode}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-highest-priority
|
||
@vindex org-lowest-priority
|
||
@vindex org-default-priority
|
||
You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the options
|
||
@code{org-highest-priority}, @code{org-lowest-priority}, and
|
||
@code{org-default-priority}. For an individual buffer, you may set
|
||
these values (highest, lowest, default) like this (please make sure that
|
||
the highest priority is earlier in the alphabet than the lowest
|
||
priority):
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+PRIORITIES
|
||
@example
|
||
#+PRIORITIES: A C B
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Breaking down tasks
|
||
@section Breaking tasks down into subtasks
|
||
@cindex tasks, breaking down
|
||
@cindex statistics, for TODO items
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels
|
||
It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, manageable
|
||
subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree below a TODO item,
|
||
with detailed subtasks on the tree@footnote{To keep subtasks out of the
|
||
global TODO list, see the @code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels}.}. To keep
|
||
the overview over the fraction of subtasks that are already completed, insert
|
||
either @samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]} anywhere in the headline. These cookies will
|
||
be updated each time the TODO status of a child changes, or when pressing
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c} on the cookie. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Organize Party [33%]
|
||
** TODO Call people [1/2]
|
||
*** TODO Peter
|
||
*** DONE Sarah
|
||
** TODO Buy food
|
||
** DONE Talk to neighbor
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, COOKIE_DATA
|
||
If a heading has both checkboxes and TODO children below it, the meaning of
|
||
the statistics cookie become ambiguous. Set the property
|
||
@code{COOKIE_DATA} to either @samp{checkbox} or @samp{todo} to resolve
|
||
this issue.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-hierarchical-todo-statistics
|
||
If you would like to have the statistics cookie count any TODO entries in the
|
||
subtree (not just direct children), configure
|
||
@code{org-hierarchical-todo-statistics}. To do this for a single subtree,
|
||
include the word @samp{recursive} into the value of the @code{COOKIE_DATA}
|
||
property.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Parent capturing statistics [2/20]
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:COOKIE_DATA: todo recursive
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If you would like a TODO entry to automatically change to DONE
|
||
when all children are done, you can use the following setup:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
(defun org-summary-todo (n-done n-not-done)
|
||
"Switch entry to DONE when all subentries are done, to TODO otherwise."
|
||
(let (org-log-done org-log-states) ; turn off logging
|
||
(org-todo (if (= n-not-done 0) "DONE" "TODO"))))
|
||
|
||
(add-hook 'org-after-todo-statistics-hook 'org-summary-todo)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
|
||
Another possibility is the use of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy of) a
|
||
large number of subtasks (@pxref{Checkboxes}).
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Checkboxes
|
||
@section Checkboxes
|
||
@cindex checkboxes
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-list-automatic-rules
|
||
Every item in a plain list@footnote{With the exception of description
|
||
lists. But you can allow it by modifying @code{org-list-automatic-rules}
|
||
accordingly.} (@pxref{Plain lists}) can be made into a checkbox by starting
|
||
it with the string @samp{[ ]}. This feature is similar to TODO items
|
||
(@pxref{TODO items}), but is more lightweight. Checkboxes are not included
|
||
in the global TODO list, so they are often great to split a task into a
|
||
number of simple steps. Or you can use them in a shopping list. To toggle a
|
||
checkbox, use @kbd{C-c C-c}, or use the mouse (thanks to Piotr Zielinski's
|
||
@file{org-mouse.el}).
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of a checkbox list.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* TODO Organize party [2/4]
|
||
- [-] call people [1/3]
|
||
- [ ] Peter
|
||
- [X] Sarah
|
||
- [ ] Sam
|
||
- [X] order food
|
||
- [ ] think about what music to play
|
||
- [X] talk to the neighbors
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children that
|
||
are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes will make the
|
||
parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are
|
||
checked.
|
||
|
||
@cindex statistics, for checkboxes
|
||
@cindex checkbox statistics
|
||
@cindex property, COOKIE_DATA
|
||
@vindex org-checkbox-hierarchical-statistics
|
||
The @samp{[2/4]} and @samp{[1/3]} in the first and second line are cookies
|
||
indicating how many checkboxes present in this entry have been checked off,
|
||
and the total number of checkboxes present. This can give you an idea on how
|
||
many checkboxes remain, even without opening a folded entry. The cookies can
|
||
be placed into a headline or into (the first line of) a plain list item.
|
||
Each cookie covers checkboxes of direct children structurally below the
|
||
headline/item on which the cookie appears@footnote{Set the option
|
||
@code{org-checkbox-hierarchical-statistics} if you want such cookies to
|
||
count all checkboxes below the cookie, not just those belonging to direct
|
||
children.}. You have to insert the cookie yourself by typing either
|
||
@samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]}. With @samp{[/]} you get an @samp{n out of m}
|
||
result, as in the examples above. With @samp{[%]} you get information about
|
||
the percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be
|
||
@samp{[50%]} and @samp{[33%]}, respectively). In a headline, a cookie can
|
||
count either checkboxes below the heading or TODO states of children, and it
|
||
will display whatever was changed last. Set the property @code{COOKIE_DATA}
|
||
to either @samp{checkbox} or @samp{todo} to resolve this issue.
|
||
|
||
@cindex blocking, of checkboxes
|
||
@cindex checkbox blocking
|
||
@cindex property, ORDERED
|
||
If the current outline node has an @code{ORDERED} property, checkboxes must
|
||
be checked off in sequence, and an error will be thrown if you try to check
|
||
off a box while there are unchecked boxes above it.
|
||
|
||
@noindent The following commands work with checkboxes:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c,org-toggle-checkbox}
|
||
Toggle checkbox status or (with prefix arg) checkbox presence at point. With
|
||
a single prefix argument, add an empty checkbox or remove the current
|
||
one@footnote{@kbd{C-u C-c C-c} before the @emph{first} bullet in a list with
|
||
no checkbox will add checkboxes to the rest of the list.}. With a double
|
||
prefix argument, set it to @samp{[-]}, which is considered to be an
|
||
intermediate state.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-b,org-toggle-checkbox}
|
||
Toggle checkbox status or (with prefix arg) checkbox presence at point. With
|
||
double prefix argument, set it to @samp{[-]}, which is considered to be an
|
||
intermediate state.
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in the region
|
||
and set all remaining boxes to the same status as the first. With a prefix
|
||
arg, add or remove the checkbox for all items in the region.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is in a headline, toggle the state of the first checkbox in the
|
||
region between this headline and the next---so @emph{not} the entire
|
||
subtree---and propagate this new state to all other checkboxes in the same
|
||
area.
|
||
@item
|
||
If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at point.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
@orgcmd{M-S-@key{RET},org-insert-todo-heading}
|
||
Insert a new item with a checkbox. This works only if the cursor is already
|
||
in a plain list item (@pxref{Plain lists}).
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x o,org-toggle-ordered-property}
|
||
@vindex org-track-ordered-property-with-tag
|
||
@cindex property, ORDERED
|
||
Toggle the @code{ORDERED} property of the entry, to toggle if checkboxes must
|
||
be checked off in sequence. A property is used for this behavior because
|
||
this should be local to the current entry, not inherited like a tag.
|
||
However, if you would like to @i{track} the value of this property with a tag
|
||
for better visibility, customize @code{org-track-ordered-property-with-tag}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c #,org-update-statistics-cookies}
|
||
Update the statistics cookie in the current outline entry. When called with
|
||
a @kbd{C-u} prefix, update the entire file. Checkbox statistic cookies are
|
||
updated automatically if you toggle checkboxes with @kbd{C-c C-c} and make
|
||
new ones with @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}}. TODO statistics cookies update when
|
||
changing TODO states. If you delete boxes/entries or add/change them by
|
||
hand, use this command to get things back into sync.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Tags
|
||
@chapter Tags
|
||
@cindex tags
|
||
@cindex headline tagging
|
||
@cindex matching, tags
|
||
@cindex sparse tree, tag based
|
||
|
||
An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for cross-correlating
|
||
information is to assign @i{tags} to headlines. Org mode has extensive
|
||
support for tags.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-tag-faces
|
||
Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of the
|
||
headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, and
|
||
@samp{@@}. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon, e.g.,
|
||
@samp{:work:}. Several tags can be specified, as in @samp{:work:urgent:}.
|
||
Tags will by default be in bold face with the same color as the headline.
|
||
You may specify special faces for specific tags using the option
|
||
@code{org-tag-faces}, in much the same way as you can for TODO keywords
|
||
(@pxref{Faces for TODO keywords}).
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
|
||
* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
|
||
* Tag hierarchy:: Create a hierarchy of tags
|
||
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Tag inheritance
|
||
@section Tag inheritance
|
||
@cindex tag inheritance
|
||
@cindex inheritance, of tags
|
||
@cindex sublevels, inclusion into tags match
|
||
|
||
@i{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
|
||
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
|
||
well. For example, in the list
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Meeting with the French group :work:
|
||
** Summary by Frank :boss:notes:
|
||
*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
the final heading will have the tags @samp{:work:}, @samp{:boss:},
|
||
@samp{:notes:}, and @samp{:action:} even though the final heading is not
|
||
explicitly marked with all those tags. You can also set tags that all
|
||
entries in a file should inherit just as if these tags were defined in
|
||
a hypothetical level zero that surrounds the entire file. Use a line like
|
||
this@footnote{As with all these in-buffer settings, pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}
|
||
activates any changes in the line.}:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+FILETAGS
|
||
@example
|
||
#+FILETAGS: :Peter:Boss:Secret:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-use-tag-inheritance
|
||
@vindex org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance
|
||
To limit tag inheritance to specific tags, use @code{org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance}.
|
||
To turn it off entirely, use @code{org-use-tag-inheritance}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels
|
||
When a headline matches during a tags search while tag inheritance is turned
|
||
on, all the sublevels in the same tree will (for a simple match form) match
|
||
as well@footnote{This is only true if the search does not involve more
|
||
complex tests including properties (@pxref{Property searches}).}. The list
|
||
of matches may then become very long. If you only want to see the first tags
|
||
match in a subtree, configure @code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels} (not
|
||
recommended).
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance
|
||
Tag inheritance is relevant when the agenda search tries to match a tag,
|
||
either in the @code{tags} or @code{tags-todo} agenda types. In other agenda
|
||
types, @code{org-use-tag-inheritance} has no effect. Still, you may want to
|
||
have your tags correctly set in the agenda, so that tag filtering works fine,
|
||
with inherited tags. Set @code{org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance} to control
|
||
this: the default value includes all agenda types, but setting this to @code{nil}
|
||
can really speed up agenda generation.
|
||
|
||
@node Setting tags
|
||
@section Setting tags
|
||
@cindex setting tags
|
||
@cindex tags, setting
|
||
|
||
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
||
Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline.
|
||
After a colon, @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on tags. There is
|
||
also a special command for inserting tags:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-q,org-set-tags-command}
|
||
@cindex completion, of tags
|
||
@vindex org-tags-column
|
||
Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode will either offer
|
||
completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see
|
||
below. After pressing @key{RET}, the tags will be inserted and aligned
|
||
to @code{org-tags-column}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, all
|
||
tags in the current buffer will be aligned to that column, just to make
|
||
things look nice. TAGS are automatically realigned after promotion,
|
||
demotion, and TODO state changes (@pxref{TODO basics}).
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c,org-set-tags-command}
|
||
When the cursor is in a headline, this does the same as @kbd{C-c C-q}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-tag-alist
|
||
Org supports tag insertion based on a @emph{list of tags}. By
|
||
default this list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags
|
||
currently used in the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list
|
||
of tags with the variable @code{org-tag-alist}. Finally you can set
|
||
the default tags for a given file with lines like
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TAGS
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: @@work @@home @@tennisclub
|
||
#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the
|
||
variable @code{org-tag-alist}, but would like to use a dynamic tag list
|
||
in a specific file, add an empty TAGS option line to that file:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-tag-persistent-alist
|
||
If you have a preferred set of tags that you would like to use in every file,
|
||
in addition to those defined on a per-file basis by TAGS option lines, then
|
||
you may specify a list of tags with the variable
|
||
@code{org-tag-persistent-alist}. You may turn this off on a per-file basis
|
||
by adding a STARTUP option line to that file:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: noptag
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities for
|
||
entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag selection
|
||
method called @emph{fast tag selection}. This allows you to select and
|
||
deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to work well you should
|
||
assign unique, case-sensitive, letters to most of your commonly used tags.
|
||
You can do this globally by configuring the variable @code{org-tag-alist} in
|
||
your Emacs init file. For example, you may find the need to tag many items
|
||
in different files with @samp{:@@home:}. In this case you can set something
|
||
like:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working on, then you
|
||
can instead set the TAGS option line as:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent The tags interface will show the available tags in a splash
|
||
window. If you want to start a new line after a specific tag, insert
|
||
@samp{\n} into the tag list
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) \n laptop(l) pc(p)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent or write them in two lines:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t)
|
||
#+TAGS: laptop(l) pc(p)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive by using
|
||
braces, as in:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: @{ @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) @} laptop(l) pc(p)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent you indicate that at most one of @samp{@@work}, @samp{@@home},
|
||
and @samp{@@tennisclub} should be selected. Multiple such groups are allowed.
|
||
|
||
@noindent Don't forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in one of
|
||
these lines to activate any changes.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
To set these mutually exclusive groups in the variable @code{org-tag-alist},
|
||
you must use the dummy tags @code{:startgroup} and @code{:endgroup} instead
|
||
of the braces. Similarly, you can use @code{:newline} to indicate a line
|
||
break. The previous example would be set globally by the following
|
||
configuration:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgroup . nil)
|
||
("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h)
|
||
("@@tennisclub" . ?t)
|
||
(:endgroup . nil)
|
||
("laptop" . ?l) ("pc" . ?p)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
If at least one tag has a selection key then pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} will
|
||
automatically present you with a special interface, listing inherited tags,
|
||
the tags of the current headline, and a list of all valid tags with
|
||
corresponding keys@footnote{Keys will automatically be assigned to tags which
|
||
have no configured keys.}.
|
||
|
||
Pressing keys assigned to tags will add or remove them from the list of tags
|
||
in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of mutually exclusive tags
|
||
will turn off any other tags from that group.
|
||
|
||
In this interface, you can also use the following special keys:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
||
@item @key{TAB}
|
||
Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the predefined
|
||
list. You will be able to complete on all tags present in the buffer.
|
||
You can also add several tags: just separate them with a comma.
|
||
|
||
@kindex @key{SPC}
|
||
@item @key{SPC}
|
||
Clear all tags for this line.
|
||
|
||
@kindex @key{RET}
|
||
@item @key{RET}
|
||
Accept the modified set.
|
||
|
||
@item C-g
|
||
Abort without installing changes.
|
||
|
||
@item q
|
||
If @kbd{q} is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like @kbd{C-g}.
|
||
|
||
@item !
|
||
Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an
|
||
exception) assign several tags from such a group.
|
||
|
||
@item C-c
|
||
Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below).
|
||
If you are using expert mode, the first @kbd{C-c} will display the
|
||
selection window.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys. With
|
||
the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set @samp{@@home},
|
||
@samp{laptop} and @samp{pc} tags with just the following keys: @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-c @key{SPC} h l p @key{RET}}. Switching from @samp{@@home} to
|
||
@samp{@@work} would be done with @kbd{C-c C-c w @key{RET}} or
|
||
alternatively with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c w}. Adding the non-predefined tag
|
||
@samp{Sarah} could be done with @kbd{C-c C-c @key{TAB} S a r a h
|
||
@key{RET} @key{RET}}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-fast-tag-selection-single-key
|
||
If you find that most of the time you need only a single key press to
|
||
modify your list of tags, set @code{org-fast-tag-selection-single-key}.
|
||
Then you no longer have to press @key{RET} to exit fast tag selection---it
|
||
will immediately exit after the first change. If you then occasionally
|
||
need more keys, press @kbd{C-c} to turn off auto-exit for the current tag
|
||
selection process (in effect: start selection with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c}
|
||
instead of @kbd{C-c C-c}). If you set the variable to the value
|
||
@code{expert}, the special window is not even shown for single-key tag
|
||
selection, it comes up only when you press an extra @kbd{C-c}.
|
||
|
||
@node Tag hierarchy
|
||
@section Tag hierarchy
|
||
|
||
@cindex group tags
|
||
@cindex tags, groups
|
||
@cindex tag hierarchy
|
||
Tags can be defined in hierarchies. A tag can be defined as a @emph{group
|
||
tag} for a set of other tags. The group tag can be seen as the ``broader
|
||
term'' for its set of tags. Defining multiple @emph{group tags} and nesting
|
||
them creates a tag hierarchy.
|
||
|
||
One use-case is to create a taxonomy of terms (tags) that can be used to
|
||
classify nodes in a document or set of documents.
|
||
|
||
When you search for a group tag, it will return matches for all members in
|
||
the group and its subgroups. In an agenda view, filtering by a group tag
|
||
will display or hide headlines tagged with at least one of the members of the
|
||
group or any of its subgroups. This makes tag searches and filters even more
|
||
flexible.
|
||
|
||
You can set group tags by using brackets and inserting a colon between the
|
||
group tag and its related tags---beware that all whitespaces are mandatory so
|
||
that Org can parse this line correctly:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: [ GTD : Control Persp ]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
In this example, @samp{GTD} is the @emph{group tag} and it is related to two
|
||
other tags: @samp{Control}, @samp{Persp}. Defining @samp{Control} and
|
||
@samp{Persp} as group tags creates an hierarchy of tags:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: [ Control : Context Task ]
|
||
#+TAGS: [ Persp : Vision Goal AOF Project ]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
That can conceptually be seen as a hierarchy of tags:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
- GTD
|
||
- Persp
|
||
- Vision
|
||
- Goal
|
||
- AOF
|
||
- Project
|
||
- Control
|
||
- Context
|
||
- Task
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
You can use the @code{:startgrouptag}, @code{:grouptags} and
|
||
@code{:endgrouptag} keyword directly when setting @code{org-tag-alist}
|
||
directly:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgrouptag)
|
||
("GTD")
|
||
(:grouptags)
|
||
("Control")
|
||
("Persp")
|
||
(:endgrouptag)
|
||
(:startgrouptag)
|
||
("Control")
|
||
(:grouptags)
|
||
("Context")
|
||
("Task")
|
||
(:endgrouptag)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The tags in a group can be mutually exclusive if using the same group syntax
|
||
as is used for grouping mutually exclusive tags together; using curly
|
||
brackets.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: @{ Context : @@Home @@Work @@Call @}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
When setting @code{org-tag-alist} you can use @code{:startgroup} &
|
||
@code{:endgroup} instead of @code{:startgrouptag} & @code{:endgrouptag} to
|
||
make the tags mutually exclusive.
|
||
|
||
Furthermore, the members of a @emph{group tag} can also be regular
|
||
expressions, creating the possibility of a more dynamic and rule-based
|
||
tag structure. The regular expressions in the group must be specified
|
||
within @{ @}. Here is an expanded example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TAGS: [ Vision : @{V@@@.+@} ]
|
||
#+TAGS: [ Goal : @{G@@@.+@} ]
|
||
#+TAGS: [ AOF : @{AOF@@@.+@} ]
|
||
#+TAGS: [ Project : @{P@@@.+@} ]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Searching for the tag @samp{Project} will now list all tags also including
|
||
regular expression matches for @samp{P@@@.+}, and similarly for tag searches on
|
||
@samp{Vision}, @samp{Goal} and @samp{AOF}. For example, this would work well
|
||
for a project tagged with a common project-identifier, e.g. @samp{P@@2014_OrgTags}.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x q
|
||
@vindex org-group-tags
|
||
If you want to ignore group tags temporarily, toggle group tags support
|
||
with @command{org-toggle-tags-groups}, bound to @kbd{C-c C-x q}. If you
|
||
want to disable tag groups completely, set @code{org-group-tags} to @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
@node Tag searches
|
||
@section Tag searches
|
||
@cindex tag searches
|
||
@cindex searching for tags
|
||
|
||
Once a system of tags has been set up, it can be used to collect related
|
||
information into special lists.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c / m,C-c \\,org-match-sparse-tree}
|
||
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags/property/TODO search.
|
||
With a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line.
|
||
@xref{Matching tags and properties}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a m,org-tags-view}
|
||
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. @xref{Matching
|
||
tags and properties}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a M,org-tags-view}
|
||
@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels
|
||
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check
|
||
only TODO items and force checking subitems (see the option
|
||
@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}).
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
These commands all prompt for a match string which allows basic Boolean logic
|
||
like @samp{+boss+urgent-project1}, to find entries with tags @samp{boss} and
|
||
@samp{urgent}, but not @samp{project1}, or @samp{Kathy|Sally} to find entries
|
||
tagged as @samp{Kathy} or @samp{Sally}. The full syntax of the search string
|
||
is rich and allows also matching against TODO keywords, entry levels and
|
||
properties. For a complete description with many examples, see @ref{Matching
|
||
tags and properties}.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Properties and columns
|
||
@chapter Properties and columns
|
||
@cindex properties
|
||
|
||
A property is a key-value pair associated with an entry. Properties can be
|
||
set so they are associated with a single entry, with every entry in a tree,
|
||
or with every entry in an Org mode file.
|
||
|
||
There are two main applications for properties in Org mode. First,
|
||
properties are like tags, but with a value. Imagine maintaining a file where
|
||
you document bugs and plan releases for a piece of software. Instead of
|
||
using tags like @code{:release_1:}, @code{:release_2:}, you can use a
|
||
property, say @code{:Release:}, that in different subtrees has different
|
||
values, such as @code{1.0} or @code{2.0}. Second, you can use properties to
|
||
implement (very basic) database capabilities in an Org buffer. Imagine
|
||
keeping track of your music CDs, where properties could be things such as the
|
||
album, artist, date of release, number of tracks, and so on.
|
||
|
||
Properties can be conveniently edited and viewed in column view
|
||
(@pxref{Column view}).
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Property syntax:: How properties are spelled out
|
||
* Special properties:: Access to other Org mode features
|
||
* Property searches:: Matching property values
|
||
* Property inheritance:: Passing values down the tree
|
||
* Column view:: Tabular viewing and editing
|
||
* Property API:: Properties for Lisp programmers
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Property syntax
|
||
@section Property syntax
|
||
@cindex property syntax
|
||
@cindex drawer, for properties
|
||
|
||
Properties are key-value pairs. When they are associated with a single entry
|
||
or with a tree they need to be inserted into a special drawer
|
||
(@pxref{Drawers}) with the name @code{PROPERTIES}, which has to be located
|
||
right below a headline, and its planning line (@pxref{Deadlines and
|
||
scheduling}) when applicable. Each property is specified on a single line,
|
||
with the key (surrounded by colons) first, and the value after it. Keys are
|
||
case-insensitives. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* CD collection
|
||
** Classic
|
||
*** Goldberg Variations
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:Title: Goldberg Variations
|
||
:Composer: J.S. Bach
|
||
:Artist: Glen Gould
|
||
:Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon
|
||
:NDisks: 1
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Depending on the value of @code{org-use-property-inheritance}, a property set
|
||
this way will either be associated with a single entry, or the subtree
|
||
defined by the entry, see @ref{Property inheritance}.
|
||
|
||
You may define the allowed values for a particular property @samp{:Xyz:}
|
||
by setting a property @samp{:Xyz_ALL:}. This special property is
|
||
@emph{inherited}, so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it will apply to
|
||
the entire tree. When allowed values are defined, setting the
|
||
corresponding property becomes easier and is less prone to typing
|
||
errors. For the example with the CD collection, we can predefine
|
||
publishers and the number of disks in a box like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* CD collection
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4
|
||
:Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Philips EMI
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If you want to set properties that can be inherited by any entry in a
|
||
file, use a line like
|
||
@cindex property, _ALL
|
||
@cindex #+PROPERTY
|
||
@example
|
||
#+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Contrary to properties set from a special drawer, you have to refresh the
|
||
buffer with @kbd{C-c C-c} to activate this change.
|
||
|
||
If you want to add to the value of an existing property, append a @code{+} to
|
||
the property name. The following results in the property @code{var} having
|
||
the value ``foo=1 bar=2''.
|
||
@cindex property, +
|
||
@example
|
||
#+PROPERTY: var foo=1
|
||
#+PROPERTY: var+ bar=2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
It is also possible to add to the values of inherited properties. The
|
||
following results in the @code{genres} property having the value ``Classic
|
||
Baroque'' under the @code{Goldberg Variations} subtree.
|
||
@cindex property, +
|
||
@example
|
||
* CD collection
|
||
** Classic
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:GENRES: Classic
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Goldberg Variations
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:Title: Goldberg Variations
|
||
:Composer: J.S. Bach
|
||
:Artist: Glen Gould
|
||
:Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon
|
||
:NDisks: 1
|
||
:GENRES+: Baroque
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
Note that a property can only have one entry per Drawer.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-global-properties
|
||
Property values set with the global variable
|
||
@code{org-global-properties} can be inherited by all entries in all
|
||
Org files.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The following commands help to work with properties:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{TAB},pcomplete}
|
||
After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys. All keys used
|
||
in the current file will be offered as possible completions.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x p,org-set-property}
|
||
Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. If
|
||
necessary, the property drawer is created as well.
|
||
@item C-u M-x org-insert-drawer RET
|
||
@cindex org-insert-drawer
|
||
Insert a property drawer into the current entry. The drawer will be
|
||
inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning
|
||
information like deadlines.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c,org-property-action}
|
||
With the cursor in a property drawer, this executes property commands.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c s,org-set-property}
|
||
Set a property in the current entry. Both the property and the value
|
||
can be inserted using completion.
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{S-@key{right},S-@key{left},org-property-next-allowed-value,org-property-previous-allowed-value}
|
||
Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c d,org-delete-property}
|
||
Remove a property from the current entry.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c D,org-delete-property-globally}
|
||
Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c c,org-compute-property-at-point}
|
||
Compute the property at point, using the operator and scope from the
|
||
nearest column format definition.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Special properties
|
||
@section Special properties
|
||
@cindex properties, special
|
||
|
||
Special properties provide an alternative access method to Org mode features,
|
||
like the TODO state or the priority of an entry, discussed in the previous
|
||
chapters. This interface exists so that you can include these states in
|
||
a column view (@pxref{Column view}), or to use them in queries. The
|
||
following property names are special and should not be used as keys in the
|
||
properties drawer:
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, special, ALLTAGS
|
||
@cindex property, special, BLOCKED
|
||
@cindex property, special, CLOCKSUM
|
||
@cindex property, special, CLOCKSUM_T
|
||
@cindex property, special, CLOSED
|
||
@cindex property, special, DEADLINE
|
||
@cindex property, special, FILE
|
||
@cindex property, special, ITEM
|
||
@cindex property, special, PRIORITY
|
||
@cindex property, special, SCHEDULED
|
||
@cindex property, special, TAGS
|
||
@cindex property, special, TIMESTAMP
|
||
@cindex property, special, TIMESTAMP_IA
|
||
@cindex property, special, TODO
|
||
@example
|
||
ALLTAGS @r{All tags, including inherited ones.}
|
||
BLOCKED @r{"t" if task is currently blocked by children or siblings.}
|
||
CLOCKSUM @r{The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree. @code{org-clock-sum}}
|
||
@r{must be run first to compute the values in the current buffer.}
|
||
CLOCKSUM_T @r{The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree for today.}
|
||
@r{@code{org-clock-sum-today} must be run first to compute the}
|
||
@r{values in the current buffer.}
|
||
CLOSED @r{When was this entry closed?}
|
||
DEADLINE @r{The deadline time string, without the angular brackets.}
|
||
FILE @r{The filename the entry is located in.}
|
||
ITEM @r{The headline of the entry.}
|
||
PRIORITY @r{The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter.}
|
||
SCHEDULED @r{The scheduling timestamp, without the angular brackets.}
|
||
TAGS @r{The tags defined directly in the headline.}
|
||
TIMESTAMP @r{The first keyword-less timestamp in the entry.}
|
||
TIMESTAMP_IA @r{The first inactive timestamp in the entry.}
|
||
TODO @r{The TODO keyword of the entry.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Property searches
|
||
@section Property searches
|
||
@cindex properties, searching
|
||
@cindex searching, of properties
|
||
|
||
To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on properties,
|
||
the same commands are used as for tag searches (@pxref{Tag searches}).
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c / m,C-c \\,org-match-sparse-tree}
|
||
Create a sparse tree with all matching entries. With a
|
||
@kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a m,org-tags-view}
|
||
Create a global list of tag/property matches from all agenda files.
|
||
@xref{Matching tags and properties}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a M,org-tags-view}
|
||
@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels
|
||
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check
|
||
only TODO items and force checking of subitems (see the option
|
||
@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}).
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The syntax for the search string is described in @ref{Matching tags and
|
||
properties}.
|
||
|
||
There is also a special command for creating sparse trees based on a
|
||
single property:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgkey{C-c / p}
|
||
Create a sparse tree based on the value of a property. This first
|
||
prompts for the name of a property, and then for a value. A sparse tree
|
||
is created with all entries that define this property with the given
|
||
value. If you enclose the value in curly braces, it is interpreted as
|
||
a regular expression and matched against the property values.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Property inheritance
|
||
@section Property Inheritance
|
||
@cindex properties, inheritance
|
||
@cindex inheritance, of properties
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-use-property-inheritance
|
||
The outline structure of Org mode documents lends itself to an
|
||
inheritance model of properties: if the parent in a tree has a certain
|
||
property, the children can inherit this property. Org mode does not
|
||
turn this on by default, because it can slow down property searches
|
||
significantly and is often not needed. However, if you find inheritance
|
||
useful, you can turn it on by setting the variable
|
||
@code{org-use-property-inheritance}. It may be set to @code{t} to make
|
||
all properties inherited from the parent, to a list of properties
|
||
that should be inherited, or to a regular expression that matches
|
||
inherited properties. If a property has the value @code{nil}, this is
|
||
interpreted as an explicit undefine of the property, so that inheritance
|
||
search will stop at this value and return @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
Org mode has a few properties for which inheritance is hard-coded, at
|
||
least for the special applications for which they are used:
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, COLUMNS
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item COLUMNS
|
||
The @code{:COLUMNS:} property defines the format of column view
|
||
(@pxref{Column view}). It is inherited in the sense that the level
|
||
where a @code{:COLUMNS:} property is defined is used as the starting
|
||
point for a column view table, independently of the location in the
|
||
subtree from where columns view is turned on.
|
||
@item CATEGORY
|
||
@cindex property, CATEGORY
|
||
For agenda view, a category set through a @code{:CATEGORY:} property
|
||
applies to the entire subtree.
|
||
@item ARCHIVE
|
||
@cindex property, ARCHIVE
|
||
For archiving, the @code{:ARCHIVE:} property may define the archive
|
||
location for the entire subtree (@pxref{Moving subtrees}).
|
||
@item LOGGING
|
||
@cindex property, LOGGING
|
||
The LOGGING property may define logging settings for an entry or a
|
||
subtree (@pxref{Tracking TODO state changes}).
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Column view
|
||
@section Column view
|
||
|
||
A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is
|
||
@emph{column view}. In column view, each outline node is turned into a
|
||
table row. Columns in this table provide access to properties of the
|
||
entries. Org mode implements columns by overlaying a tabular structure
|
||
over the headline of each item. While the headlines have been turned
|
||
into a table row, you can still change the visibility of the outline
|
||
tree. For example, you get a compact table by switching to CONTENTS
|
||
view (@kbd{S-@key{TAB} S-@key{TAB}}, or simply @kbd{c} while column view
|
||
is active), but you can still open, read, and edit the entry below each
|
||
headline. Or, you can switch to column view after executing a sparse
|
||
tree command and in this way get a table only for the selected items.
|
||
Column view also works in agenda buffers (@pxref{Agenda views}) where
|
||
queries have collected selected items, possibly from a number of files.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Defining columns:: The COLUMNS format property
|
||
* Using column view:: How to create and use column view
|
||
* Capturing column view:: A dynamic block for column view
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Defining columns
|
||
@subsection Defining columns
|
||
@cindex column view, for properties
|
||
@cindex properties, column view
|
||
|
||
Setting up a column view first requires defining the columns. This is
|
||
done by defining a column format line.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Scope of column definitions:: Where defined, where valid?
|
||
* Column attributes:: Appearance and content of a column
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Scope of column definitions
|
||
@subsubsection Scope of column definitions
|
||
|
||
To define a column format for an entire file, use a line like
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+COLUMNS
|
||
@example
|
||
#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add a
|
||
@code{:COLUMNS:} property to the top node of that tree, for example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
** Top node for columns view
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If a @code{:COLUMNS:} property is present in an entry, it defines columns
|
||
for the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it. Since the
|
||
column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the document,
|
||
you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough for all
|
||
sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you edit a
|
||
deeper part of the tree.
|
||
|
||
@node Column attributes
|
||
@subsubsection Column attributes
|
||
A column definition sets the attributes of a column. The general
|
||
definition looks like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
%[@var{width}]@var{property}[(@var{title})][@{@var{summary-type}@}]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Except for the percent sign and the property name, all items are
|
||
optional. The individual parts have the following meaning:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@var{width} @r{An integer specifying the width of the column in characters.}
|
||
@r{If omitted, the width will be determined automatically.}
|
||
@var{property} @r{The property that should be edited in this column.}
|
||
@r{Special properties representing meta data are allowed here}
|
||
@r{as well (@pxref{Special properties})}
|
||
@var{title} @r{The header text for the column. If omitted, the property}
|
||
@r{name is used.}
|
||
@{@var{summary-type}@} @r{The summary type. If specified, the column values for}
|
||
@r{parent nodes are computed from the children@footnote{If
|
||
more than one summary type apply to the property, the parent
|
||
values are computed according to the first of them.}.}
|
||
@r{Supported summary types are:}
|
||
@{+@} @r{Sum numbers in this column.}
|
||
@{+;%.1f@} @r{Like @samp{+}, but format result with @samp{%.1f}.}
|
||
@{$@} @r{Currency, short for @samp{+;%.2f}.}
|
||
@{min@} @r{Smallest number in column.}
|
||
@{max@} @r{Largest number.}
|
||
@{mean@} @r{Arithmetic mean of numbers.}
|
||
@{X@} @r{Checkbox status, @samp{[X]} if all children are @samp{[X]}.}
|
||
@{X/@} @r{Checkbox status, @samp{[n/m]}.}
|
||
@{X%@} @r{Checkbox status, @samp{[n%]}.}
|
||
@{:@} @r{Sum times, HH:MM, plain numbers are
|
||
hours@footnote{A time can also be a duration, using effort
|
||
modifiers defined in @code{org-effort-durations}, e.g.,
|
||
@samp{3d 1h}. If any value in the column is as such, the
|
||
summary will also be an effort duration.}.}
|
||
@{:min@} @r{Smallest time value in column.}
|
||
@{:max@} @r{Largest time value.}
|
||
@{:mean@} @r{Arithmetic mean of time values.}
|
||
@{@@min@} @r{Minimum age@footnote{An age is defined as
|
||
a duration since a given time-stamp (@pxref{Timestamps}). It
|
||
can also be expressed as days, hours, minutes and seconds,
|
||
identified by @samp{d}, @samp{h}, @samp{m} and @samp{s}
|
||
suffixes, all mandatory, e.g., @samp{0d 13h 0m 10s}.} (in
|
||
days/hours/mins/seconds).}
|
||
@{@@max@} @r{Maximum age (in days/hours/mins/seconds).}
|
||
@{@@mean@} @r{Arithmetic mean of ages (in days/hours/mins/seconds).}
|
||
@{est+@} @r{Add @samp{low-high} estimates.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The @code{est+} summary type requires further explanation. It is used for
|
||
combining estimates, expressed as @samp{low-high} ranges or plain numbers.
|
||
For example, instead of estimating a particular task will take 5 days, you
|
||
might estimate it as 5--6 days if you're fairly confident you know how much
|
||
work is required, or 1--10 days if you don't really know what needs to be
|
||
done. Both ranges average at 5.5 days, but the first represents a more
|
||
predictable delivery.
|
||
|
||
When combining a set of such estimates, simply adding the lows and highs
|
||
produces an unrealistically wide result. Instead, @code{est+} adds the
|
||
statistical mean and variance of the sub-tasks, generating a final estimate
|
||
from the sum. For example, suppose you had ten tasks, each of which was
|
||
estimated at 0.5 to 2 days of work. Straight addition produces an estimate
|
||
of 5 to 20 days, representing what to expect if everything goes either
|
||
extremely well or extremely poorly. In contrast, @code{est+} estimates the
|
||
full job more realistically, at 10--15 days.
|
||
|
||
Numbers are right-aligned when a format specifier with an explicit width like
|
||
@code{%5d} or @code{%5.1f} is used.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-columns-summary-types
|
||
You can also define custom summary types by setting
|
||
@code{org-columns-summary-types}, which see.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with allowed
|
||
values.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
:COLUMNS: %25ITEM %9Approved(Approved?)@{X@} %Owner %11Status \@footnote{Please note that the COLUMNS definition must be on a single line---it is wrapped here only because of formatting constraints.}
|
||
%10Time_Estimate@{:@} %CLOCKSUM %CLOCKSUM_T
|
||
:Owner_ALL: Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don
|
||
:Status_ALL: "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" ""
|
||
:Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]"
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The first column, @samp{%25ITEM}, means the first 25 characters of the
|
||
item itself, i.e., of the headline. You probably always should start the
|
||
column definition with the @samp{ITEM} specifier. The other specifiers
|
||
create columns @samp{Owner} with a list of names as allowed values, for
|
||
@samp{Status} with four different possible values, and for a checkbox
|
||
field @samp{Approved}. When no width is given after the @samp{%}
|
||
character, the column will be exactly as wide as it needs to be in order
|
||
to fully display all values. The @samp{Approved} column does have a
|
||
modified title (@samp{Approved?}, with a question mark). Summaries will
|
||
be created for the @samp{Time_Estimate} column by adding time duration
|
||
expressions like HH:MM, and for the @samp{Approved} column, by providing
|
||
an @samp{[X]} status if all children have been checked. The
|
||
@samp{CLOCKSUM} and @samp{CLOCKSUM_T} columns are special, they lists the
|
||
sums of CLOCK intervals in the subtree, either for all clocks or just for
|
||
today.
|
||
|
||
@node Using column view
|
||
@subsection Using column view
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@tsubheading{Turning column view on and off}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-c,org-columns}
|
||
@vindex org-columns-default-format
|
||
Turn on column view. If the cursor is before the first headline in the file,
|
||
or the function called with the universal prefix argument, column view is
|
||
turned on for the entire file, using the @code{#+COLUMNS} definition. If the
|
||
cursor is somewhere inside the outline, this command searches the hierarchy,
|
||
up from point, for a @code{:COLUMNS:} property that defines a format. When
|
||
one is found, the column view table is established for the tree starting at
|
||
the entry that contains the @code{:COLUMNS:} property. If no such property
|
||
is found, the format is taken from the @code{#+COLUMNS} line or from the
|
||
variable @code{org-columns-default-format}, and column view is established
|
||
for the current entry and its subtree.
|
||
@orgcmd{r,org-columns-redo}
|
||
Recreate the column view, to include recent changes made in the buffer.
|
||
@orgcmd{g,org-columns-redo}
|
||
Same as @kbd{r}.
|
||
@orgcmd{q,org-columns-quit}
|
||
Exit column view.
|
||
@tsubheading{Editing values}
|
||
@item @key{left} @key{right} @key{up} @key{down}
|
||
Move through the column view from field to field.
|
||
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
||
@item S-@key{left}/@key{right}
|
||
Switch to the next/previous allowed value of the field. For this, you
|
||
have to have specified allowed values for a property.
|
||
@item 1..9,0
|
||
Directly select the Nth allowed value, @kbd{0} selects the 10th value.
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{n,p,org-columns-next-allowed-value,org-columns-previous-allowed-value}
|
||
Same as @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}}
|
||
@orgcmd{e,org-columns-edit-value}
|
||
Edit the property at point. For the special properties, this will
|
||
invoke the same interface that you normally use to change that
|
||
property. For example, when editing a TAGS property, the tag completion
|
||
or fast selection interface will pop up.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c,org-columns-set-tags-or-toggle}
|
||
When there is a checkbox at point, toggle it.
|
||
@orgcmd{v,org-columns-show-value}
|
||
View the full value of this property. This is useful if the width of
|
||
the column is smaller than that of the value.
|
||
@orgcmd{a,org-columns-edit-allowed}
|
||
Edit the list of allowed values for this property. If the list is found
|
||
in the hierarchy, the modified value is stored there. If no list is
|
||
found, the new value is stored in the first entry that is part of the
|
||
current column view.
|
||
@tsubheading{Modifying the table structure}
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{<,>,org-columns-narrow,org-columns-widen}
|
||
Make the column narrower/wider by one character.
|
||
@orgcmd{S-M-@key{right},org-columns-new}
|
||
Insert a new column, to the left of the current column.
|
||
@orgcmd{S-M-@key{left},org-columns-delete}
|
||
Delete the current column.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Capturing column view
|
||
@subsection Capturing column view
|
||
|
||
Since column view is just an overlay over a buffer, it cannot be
|
||
exported or printed directly. If you want to capture a column view, use
|
||
a @code{columnview} dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). The frame
|
||
of this block looks like this:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN, columnview
|
||
@example
|
||
* The column view
|
||
#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id "label"
|
||
|
||
#+END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent This dynamic block has the following parameters:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item :id
|
||
This is the most important parameter. Column view is a feature that is
|
||
often localized to a certain (sub)tree, and the capture block might be
|
||
at a different location in the file. To identify the tree whose view to
|
||
capture, you can use 4 values:
|
||
@cindex property, ID
|
||
@example
|
||
local @r{use the tree in which the capture block is located}
|
||
global @r{make a global view, including all headings in the file}
|
||
"file:@var{path-to-file}"
|
||
@r{run column view at the top of this file}
|
||
"@var{ID}" @r{call column view in the tree that has an @code{:ID:}}
|
||
@r{property with the value @i{label}. You can use}
|
||
@r{@kbd{M-x org-id-copy RET} to create a globally unique ID for}
|
||
@r{the current entry and copy it to the kill-ring.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@item :hlines
|
||
When @code{t}, insert an hline after every line. When a number @var{N}, insert
|
||
an hline before each headline with level @code{<= @var{N}}.
|
||
@item :vlines
|
||
When set to @code{t}, force column groups to get vertical lines.
|
||
@item :maxlevel
|
||
When set to a number, don't capture entries below this level.
|
||
@item :skip-empty-rows
|
||
When set to @code{t}, skip rows where the only non-empty specifier of the
|
||
column view is @code{ITEM}.
|
||
@item :indent
|
||
When non-@code{nil}, indent each @code{ITEM} field according to its level.
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The following commands insert or update the dynamic block:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x i,org-insert-columns-dblock}
|
||
Insert a dynamic block capturing a column view. You will be prompted
|
||
for the scope or ID of the view.
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c C-c,C-c C-x C-u,org-dblock-update}
|
||
Update dynamic block at point. The cursor needs to be in the
|
||
@code{#+BEGIN} line of the dynamic block.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-c C-x C-u,org-update-all-dblocks}
|
||
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). This is useful if
|
||
you have several clock table blocks, column-capturing blocks or other dynamic
|
||
blocks in a buffer.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You can add formulas to the column view table and you may add plotting
|
||
instructions in front of the table---these will survive an update of the
|
||
block. If there is a @code{#+TBLFM:} after the table, the table will
|
||
actually be recalculated automatically after an update.
|
||
|
||
An alternative way to capture and process property values into a table is
|
||
provided by Eric Schulte's @file{org-collector.el} which is a contributed
|
||
package@footnote{Contributed packages are not part of Emacs, but are
|
||
distributed with the main distribution of Org (visit
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org}).}. It provides a general API to collect
|
||
properties from entries in a certain scope, and arbitrary Lisp expressions to
|
||
process these values before inserting them into a table or a dynamic block.
|
||
|
||
@node Property API
|
||
@section The Property API
|
||
@cindex properties, API
|
||
@cindex API, for properties
|
||
|
||
There is a full API for accessing and changing properties. This API can
|
||
be used by Emacs Lisp programs to work with properties and to implement
|
||
features based on them. For more information see @ref{Using the
|
||
property API}.
|
||
|
||
@node Dates and times
|
||
@chapter Dates and times
|
||
@cindex dates
|
||
@cindex times
|
||
@cindex timestamp
|
||
@cindex date stamp
|
||
|
||
To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date and/or
|
||
a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and time
|
||
information is called a @emph{timestamp} in Org mode. This may be a
|
||
little confusing because timestamp is often used to indicate when
|
||
something was created or last changed. However, in Org mode this term
|
||
is used in a much wider sense.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
|
||
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
|
||
* Deadlines and scheduling:: Planning your work
|
||
* Clocking work time:: Tracking how long you spend on a task
|
||
* Effort estimates:: Planning work effort in advance
|
||
* Timers:: Notes with a running timer
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Timestamps
|
||
@section Timestamps, deadlines, and scheduling
|
||
@cindex timestamps
|
||
@cindex ranges, time
|
||
@cindex date stamps
|
||
@cindex deadlines
|
||
@cindex scheduling
|
||
|
||
A timestamp is a specification of a date (possibly with a time or a range of
|
||
times) in a special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>}@footnote{In this
|
||
simplest form, the day name is optional when you type the date yourself.
|
||
However, any dates inserted or modified by Org will add that day name, for
|
||
reading convenience.} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>} or @samp{<2003-09-16
|
||
Tue 12:00-12:30>}@footnote{This is inspired by the standard ISO 8601
|
||
date/time format. To use an alternative format, see @ref{Custom time
|
||
format}.}. A timestamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org
|
||
tree entry. Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in the
|
||
agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}). We distinguish:
|
||
|
||
@table @var
|
||
@item Plain timestamp; Event; Appointment
|
||
@cindex timestamp
|
||
@cindex appointment
|
||
A simple timestamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is just like
|
||
writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. In the agenda
|
||
display, the headline of an entry associated with a plain timestamp will be
|
||
shown exactly on that date.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Meet Peter at the movies
|
||
<2006-11-01 Wed 19:15>
|
||
* Discussion on climate change
|
||
<2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Timestamp with repeater interval
|
||
@cindex timestamp, with repeater interval
|
||
A timestamp may contain a @emph{repeater interval}, indicating that it
|
||
applies not only on the given date, but again and again after a certain
|
||
interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years (y). The
|
||
following will show up in the agenda every Wednesday:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Pick up Sam at school
|
||
<2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Diary-style sexp entries
|
||
For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the special
|
||
sexp diary entries implemented in the Emacs calendar/diary
|
||
package@footnote{When working with the standard diary sexp functions, you
|
||
need to be very careful with the order of the arguments. That order depends
|
||
evilly on the variable @code{calendar-date-style} (or, for older Emacs
|
||
versions, @code{european-calendar-style}). For example, to specify a date
|
||
December 1, 2005, the call might look like @code{(diary-date 12 1 2005)} or
|
||
@code{(diary-date 1 12 2005)} or @code{(diary-date 2005 12 1)}, depending on
|
||
the settings. This has been the source of much confusion. Org mode users
|
||
can resort to special versions of these functions like @code{org-date} or
|
||
@code{org-anniversary}. These work just like the corresponding @code{diary-}
|
||
functions, but with stable ISO order of arguments (year, month, day) wherever
|
||
applicable, independent of the value of @code{calendar-date-style}.}. For
|
||
example with optional time
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* 22:00-23:00 The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month
|
||
<%%(diary-float t 4 2)>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Time/Date range
|
||
@cindex timerange
|
||
@cindex date range
|
||
Two timestamps connected by @samp{--} denote a range. The headline
|
||
will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and on any dates
|
||
that are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
** Meeting in Amsterdam
|
||
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Inactive timestamp
|
||
@cindex timestamp, inactive
|
||
@cindex inactive timestamp
|
||
Just like a plain timestamp, but with square brackets instead of
|
||
angular ones. These timestamps are inactive in the sense that they do
|
||
@emph{not} trigger an entry to show up in the agenda.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Gillian comes late for the fifth time
|
||
[2006-11-01 Wed]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Creating timestamps
|
||
@section Creating timestamps
|
||
@cindex creating timestamps
|
||
@cindex timestamps, creating
|
||
|
||
For Org mode to recognize timestamps, they need to be in the specific
|
||
format. All commands listed below produce timestamps in the correct
|
||
format.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c .,org-time-stamp}
|
||
Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding timestamp. When the cursor is
|
||
at an existing timestamp in the buffer, the command is used to modify this
|
||
timestamp instead of inserting a new one. When this command is used twice in
|
||
succession, a time range is inserted.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c !,org-time-stamp-inactive}
|
||
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but insert an inactive timestamp that will not cause
|
||
an agenda entry.
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex C-u C-c .
|
||
@kindex C-u C-c !
|
||
@item C-u C-c .
|
||
@itemx C-u C-c !
|
||
@vindex org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes
|
||
Like @kbd{C-c .} and @kbd{C-c !}, but use the alternative format which
|
||
contains date and time. The default time can be rounded to multiples of 5
|
||
minutes, see the option @code{org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgkey{C-c C-c}
|
||
Normalize timestamp, insert/fix day name if missing or wrong.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c <,org-date-from-calendar}
|
||
Insert a timestamp corresponding to the cursor date in the Calendar.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c >,org-goto-calendar}
|
||
Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is a
|
||
timestamp in the current line, go to the corresponding date
|
||
instead.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-o,org-open-at-point}
|
||
Access the agenda for the date given by the timestamp or -range at
|
||
point (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}).
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{S-@key{left},S-@key{right},org-timestamp-down-day,org-timestamp-up-day}
|
||
Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
|
||
shift-selection and related modes (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkcc{S-@key{up},S-@key{down},org-timestamp-up,org-timestamp-down-down}
|
||
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can be on a
|
||
year, month, day, hour or minute. When the timestamp contains a time range
|
||
like @samp{15:30-16:30}, modifying the first time will also shift the second,
|
||
shifting the time block with constant length. To change the length, modify
|
||
the second time. Note that if the cursor is in a headline and not at a
|
||
timestamp, these same keys modify the priority of an item.
|
||
(@pxref{Priorities}). The key bindings also conflict with shift-selection and
|
||
related modes (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-y,org-evaluate-time-range}
|
||
@cindex evaluate time range
|
||
Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and end.
|
||
With a prefix argument, insert result after the time range (in a table: into
|
||
the following column).
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* The date/time prompt:: How Org mode helps you entering date and time
|
||
* Custom time format:: Making dates look different
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node The date/time prompt
|
||
@subsection The date/time prompt
|
||
@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
|
||
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-read-date-prefer-future
|
||
When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown in default
|
||
date/time format, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for a specific
|
||
format. But it will in fact accept date/time information in a variety of
|
||
formats. Generally, the information should start at the beginning of the
|
||
string. Org mode will find whatever information is in
|
||
there and derive anything you have not specified from the @emph{default date
|
||
and time}. The default is usually the current date and time, but when
|
||
modifying an existing timestamp, or when entering the second stamp of a
|
||
range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer. When filling in
|
||
information, Org mode assumes that most of the time you will want to enter a
|
||
date in the future: if you omit the month/year and the given day/month is
|
||
@i{before} today, it will assume that you mean a future date@footnote{See the
|
||
variable @code{org-read-date-prefer-future}. You may set that variable to
|
||
the symbol @code{time} to even make a time before now shift the date to
|
||
tomorrow.}. If the date has been automatically shifted into the future, the
|
||
time prompt will show this with @samp{(=>F).}
|
||
|
||
For example, let's assume that today is @b{June 13, 2006}. Here is how
|
||
various inputs will be interpreted, the items filled in by Org mode are
|
||
in @b{bold}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
3-2-5 @result{} 2003-02-05
|
||
2/5/3 @result{} 2003-02-05
|
||
14 @result{} @b{2006}-@b{06}-14
|
||
12 @result{} @b{2006}-@b{07}-12
|
||
2/5 @result{} @b{2007}-02-05
|
||
Fri @result{} nearest Friday after the default date
|
||
sep 15 @result{} @b{2006}-09-15
|
||
feb 15 @result{} @b{2007}-02-15
|
||
sep 12 9 @result{} 2009-09-12
|
||
12:45 @result{} @b{2006}-@b{06}-@b{13} 12:45
|
||
22 sept 0:34 @result{} @b{2006}-09-22 00:34
|
||
w4 @result{} ISO week four of the current year @b{2006}
|
||
2012 w4 fri @result{} Friday of ISO week 4 in 2012
|
||
2012-w04-5 @result{} Same as above
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the @emph{first}
|
||
thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a letter ([hdwmy]) to
|
||
indicate change in hours, days, weeks, months, or years. With a single plus
|
||
or minus, the date is always relative to today. With a double plus or minus,
|
||
it is relative to the default date. If instead of a single letter, you use
|
||
the abbreviation of day name, the date will be the Nth such day, e.g.:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
+0 @result{} today
|
||
. @result{} today
|
||
+4d @result{} four days from today
|
||
+4 @result{} same as above
|
||
+2w @result{} two weeks from today
|
||
++5 @result{} five days from default date
|
||
+2tue @result{} second Tuesday from now
|
||
-wed @result{} last Wednesday
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex parse-time-months
|
||
@vindex parse-time-weekdays
|
||
The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If
|
||
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
|
||
the variables @code{parse-time-months} and @code{parse-time-weekdays}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-read-date-force-compatible-dates
|
||
Not all dates can be represented in a given Emacs implementation. By default
|
||
Org mode forces dates into the compatibility range 1970--2037 which works on
|
||
all Emacs implementations. If you want to use dates outside of this range,
|
||
read the docstring of the variable
|
||
@code{org-read-date-force-compatible-dates}.
|
||
|
||
You can specify a time range by giving start and end times or by giving a
|
||
start time and a duration (in HH:MM format). Use one or two dash(es) as the
|
||
separator in the former case and use '+' as the separator in the latter
|
||
case, e.g.:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
11am-1:15pm @result{} 11:00-13:15
|
||
11am--1:15pm @result{} same as above
|
||
11am+2:15 @result{} same as above
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex calendar, for selecting date
|
||
@vindex org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt
|
||
Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up@footnote{If
|
||
you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable
|
||
@code{org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt}.}. When you exit the date
|
||
prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing
|
||
@key{RET}, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the
|
||
information entered at the prompt. You can control the calendar fully
|
||
from the minibuffer:
|
||
|
||
@kindex <
|
||
@kindex >
|
||
@kindex M-v
|
||
@kindex C-v
|
||
@kindex mouse-1
|
||
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
||
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
|
||
@kindex @key{RET}
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
|
||
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@key{RET} @r{Choose date at cursor in calendar.}
|
||
mouse-1 @r{Select date by clicking on it.}
|
||
S-@key{right}/@key{left} @r{One day forward/backward.}
|
||
S-@key{down}/@key{up} @r{One week forward/backward.}
|
||
M-S-@key{right}/@key{left} @r{One month forward/backward.}
|
||
> / < @r{Scroll calendar forward/backward by one month.}
|
||
M-v / C-v @r{Scroll calendar forward/backward by 3 months.}
|
||
M-S-@key{down}/@key{up} @r{Scroll calendar forward/backward by one year.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-read-date-display-live
|
||
The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I assure you they
|
||
will grow on you, and you will start getting annoyed by pretty much any other
|
||
way of entering a date/time out there. To help you understand what is going
|
||
on, the current interpretation of your input will be displayed live in the
|
||
minibuffer@footnote{If you find this distracting, turn the display off with
|
||
@code{org-read-date-display-live}.}.
|
||
|
||
@node Custom time format
|
||
@subsection Custom time format
|
||
@cindex custom date/time format
|
||
@cindex time format, custom
|
||
@cindex date format, custom
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-display-custom-times
|
||
@vindex org-time-stamp-custom-formats
|
||
Org mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is
|
||
defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require another
|
||
representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get it by
|
||
customizing the options @code{org-display-custom-times} and
|
||
@code{org-time-stamp-custom-formats}.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-t,org-toggle-time-stamp-overlays}
|
||
Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Org mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom date/time
|
||
format does not @emph{replace} the default format---instead it is put
|
||
@emph{over} the default format using text properties. This has the
|
||
following consequences:
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
You cannot place the cursor onto a timestamp anymore, only before or
|
||
after.
|
||
@item
|
||
The @kbd{S-@key{up}/@key{down}} keys can no longer be used to adjust
|
||
each component of a timestamp. If the cursor is at the beginning of
|
||
the stamp, @kbd{S-@key{up}/@key{down}} will change the stamp by one day,
|
||
just like @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}}. At the end of the stamp, the
|
||
time will be changed by one minute.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the timestamp contains a range of clock times or a repeater, these
|
||
will not be overlaid, but remain in the buffer as they were.
|
||
@item
|
||
When you delete a timestamp character-by-character, it will only
|
||
disappear from the buffer after @emph{all} (invisible) characters
|
||
belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the custom timestamp format is longer than the default and you are
|
||
using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If the custom
|
||
format is shorter, things do work as expected.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Deadlines and scheduling
|
||
@section Deadlines and scheduling
|
||
|
||
A timestamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate planning. Both
|
||
the timestamp and the keyword have to be positioned immediatly after the task
|
||
they refer to.
|
||
|
||
@table @var
|
||
@item DEADLINE
|
||
@cindex DEADLINE keyword
|
||
|
||
Meaning: the task (most likely a TODO item, though not necessarily) is supposed
|
||
to be finished on that date.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-deadline-warning-days
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled
|
||
On the deadline date, the task will be listed in the agenda. In
|
||
addition, the agenda for @emph{today} will carry a warning about the
|
||
approaching or missed deadline, starting
|
||
@code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the due date, and continuing
|
||
until the entry is marked DONE@. An example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
|
||
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
|
||
The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
You can specify a different lead time for warnings for a specific
|
||
deadline using the following syntax. Here is an example with a warning
|
||
period of 5 days @code{DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>}. This warning is
|
||
deactivated if the task gets scheduled and you set
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled} to @code{t}.
|
||
|
||
@item SCHEDULED
|
||
@cindex SCHEDULED keyword
|
||
|
||
Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given
|
||
date.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done
|
||
The headline will be listed under the given date@footnote{It will still
|
||
be listed on that date after it has been marked DONE@. If you don't like
|
||
this, set the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}. In
|
||
addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present
|
||
in the compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE, i.e.,
|
||
the task will automatically be forwarded until completed.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
|
||
SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-scheduled-delay-days
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline
|
||
If you want to @emph{delay} the display of this task in the agenda, use
|
||
@code{SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat -2d>}: the task is still scheduled on the
|
||
25th but will appear two days later. In case the task contains a repeater,
|
||
the delay is considered to affect all occurrences; if you want the delay to
|
||
only affect the first scheduled occurrence of the task, use @code{--2d}
|
||
instead. See @code{org-scheduled-delay-days} and
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline} for details on how to
|
||
control this globally or per agenda.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@b{Important:} Scheduling an item in Org mode should @i{not} be
|
||
understood in the same way that we understand @i{scheduling a meeting}.
|
||
Setting a date for a meeting is just a simple appointment, you should
|
||
mark this entry with a simple plain timestamp, to get this item shown
|
||
on the date where it applies. This is a frequent misunderstanding by
|
||
Org users. In Org mode, @i{scheduling} means setting a date when you
|
||
want to start working on an action item.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You may use timestamps with repeaters in scheduling and deadline
|
||
entries. Org mode will issue early and late warnings based on the
|
||
assumption that the timestamp represents the @i{nearest instance} of
|
||
the repeater. However, the use of diary sexp entries like
|
||
@c
|
||
@code{<%%(diary-float t 42)>}
|
||
@c
|
||
in scheduling and deadline timestamps is limited. Org mode does not
|
||
know enough about the internals of each sexp function to issue early and
|
||
late warnings. However, it will show the item on each day where the
|
||
sexp entry matches.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Inserting deadline/schedule:: Planning items
|
||
* Repeated tasks:: Items that show up again and again
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Inserting deadline/schedule
|
||
@subsection Inserting deadlines or schedules
|
||
|
||
The following commands allow you to quickly insert a deadline or to schedule
|
||
an item:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-d,org-deadline}
|
||
Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp. Any CLOSED timestamp will
|
||
be removed. When called with a prefix arg, an existing deadline will be
|
||
removed from the entry. Depending on the variable
|
||
@code{org-log-redeadline}@footnote{with corresponding @code{#+STARTUP}
|
||
keywords @code{logredeadline}, @code{lognoteredeadline}, and
|
||
@code{nologredeadline}}, a note will be taken when changing an existing
|
||
deadline.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-s,org-schedule}
|
||
Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp. Any CLOSED timestamp
|
||
will be removed. When called with a prefix argument, remove the scheduling
|
||
date from the entry. Depending on the variable
|
||
@code{org-log-reschedule}@footnote{with corresponding @code{#+STARTUP}
|
||
keywords @code{logreschedule}, @code{lognotereschedule}, and
|
||
@code{nologreschedule}}, a note will be taken when changing an existing
|
||
scheduling time.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c / d,org-check-deadlines}
|
||
@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines
|
||
@vindex org-deadline-warning-days
|
||
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or
|
||
which will become due within @code{org-deadline-warning-days}.
|
||
With @kbd{C-u} prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With a numeric
|
||
prefix, check that many days. For example, @kbd{C-1 C-c / d} shows
|
||
all deadlines due tomorrow.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c / b,org-check-before-date}
|
||
Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items before a given date.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c / a,org-check-after-date}
|
||
Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items after a given date.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Note that @code{org-schedule} and @code{org-deadline} supports
|
||
setting the date by indicating a relative time: e.g., +1d will set
|
||
the date to the next day after today, and --1w will set the date
|
||
to the previous week before any current timestamp.
|
||
|
||
@node Repeated tasks
|
||
@subsection Repeated tasks
|
||
@cindex tasks, repeated
|
||
@cindex repeated tasks
|
||
|
||
Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to
|
||
organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a DEADLINE, SCHEDULED,
|
||
or plain timestamp. In the following example
|
||
@example
|
||
** TODO Pay the rent
|
||
DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m>
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
the @code{+1m} is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the task
|
||
has a deadline on <2005-10-01> and repeats itself every (one) month starting
|
||
from that time. You can use yearly, monthly, weekly, daily and hourly repeat
|
||
cookies by using the @code{y/w/m/d/h} letters. If you need both a repeater
|
||
and a special warning period in a deadline entry, the repeater should come
|
||
first and the warning period last: @code{DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m -3d>}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-todo-repeat-to-state
|
||
Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they are
|
||
over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as completed
|
||
once you have done so. When you mark a DEADLINE or a SCHEDULE with the TODO
|
||
keyword DONE, it will no longer produce entries in the agenda. The problem
|
||
with this is, however, that then also the @emph{next} instance of the
|
||
repeated entry will not be active. Org mode deals with this in the following
|
||
way: When you try to mark such an entry DONE (using @kbd{C-c C-t}), it will
|
||
shift the base date of the repeating timestamp by the repeater interval, and
|
||
immediately set the entry state back to TODO@footnote{In fact, the target
|
||
state is taken from, in this sequence, the @code{REPEAT_TO_STATE} property or
|
||
the variable @code{org-todo-repeat-to-state}. If neither of these is
|
||
specified, the target state defaults to the first state of the TODO state
|
||
sequence.}. In the example above, setting the state to DONE would actually
|
||
switch the date like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
** TODO Pay the rent
|
||
DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To mark a task with a repeater as @code{DONE}, use @kbd{C-- 1 C-c C-t}
|
||
(i.e., @code{org-todo} with a numeric prefix argument of -1.)
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-log-repeat
|
||
A timestamp@footnote{You can change this using the option
|
||
@code{org-log-repeat}, or the @code{#+STARTUP} options @code{logrepeat},
|
||
@code{lognoterepeat}, and @code{nologrepeat}. With @code{lognoterepeat}, you
|
||
will also be prompted for a note.} will be added under the deadline, to keep
|
||
a record that you actually acted on the previous instance of this deadline.
|
||
|
||
As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry will no longer be
|
||
visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future instances
|
||
will be visible.
|
||
|
||
With the @samp{+1m} cookie, the date shift will always be exactly one
|
||
month. So if you have not paid the rent for three months, marking this
|
||
entry DONE will still keep it as an overdue deadline. Depending on the
|
||
task, this may not be the best way to handle it. For example, if you
|
||
forgot to call your father for 3 weeks, it does not make sense to call
|
||
him 3 times in a single day to make up for it. Finally, there are tasks
|
||
like changing batteries which should always repeat a certain time
|
||
@i{after} the last time you did it. For these tasks, Org mode has
|
||
special repeaters @samp{++} and @samp{.+}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
** TODO Call Father
|
||
DEADLINE: <2008-02-10 Sun ++1w>
|
||
Marking this DONE will shift the date by at least one week,
|
||
but also by as many weeks as it takes to get this date into
|
||
the future. However, it stays on a Sunday, even if you called
|
||
and marked it done on Saturday.
|
||
** TODO Empty kitchen trash
|
||
DEADLINE: <2008-02-08 Fri 20:00 ++1d>
|
||
Marking this DONE will shift the date by at least one day, and
|
||
also by as many days as it takes to get the timestamp into the
|
||
future. Since there is a time in the timestamp, the next
|
||
deadline in the future will be on today's date if you
|
||
complete the task before 20:00.
|
||
** TODO Check the batteries in the smoke detectors
|
||
DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue .+1m>
|
||
Marking this DONE will shift the date to one month after
|
||
today.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown
|
||
You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific task.
|
||
If the repeater is set for the scheduling information only, you probably want
|
||
the repeater to be ignored after the deadline. If so, set the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown} to
|
||
@code{repeated-after-deadline}. However, any scheduling information without
|
||
a repeater is no longer relevant once the task is done, and thus, removed
|
||
upon repeating the task. If you want both scheduling and deadline
|
||
information to repeat after the same interval, set the same repeater for both
|
||
timestamps.
|
||
|
||
An alternative to using a repeater is to create a number of copies of a task
|
||
subtree, with dates shifted in each copy. The command @kbd{C-c C-x c} was
|
||
created for this purpose, it is described in @ref{Structure editing}.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Clocking work time
|
||
@section Clocking work time
|
||
@cindex clocking time
|
||
@cindex time clocking
|
||
|
||
Org mode allows you to clock the time you spend on specific tasks in a
|
||
project. When you start working on an item, you can start the clock. When
|
||
you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the clock is
|
||
stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded. It also computes
|
||
the total time spent on each subtree@footnote{Clocking only works if all
|
||
headings are indented with less than 30 stars. This is a hardcoded
|
||
limitation of @code{lmax} in @code{org-clock-sum}.} of a project.
|
||
And it remembers a history or tasks recently clocked, so that you can jump
|
||
quickly between a number of tasks absorbing your time.
|
||
|
||
To save the clock history across Emacs sessions, use
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-clock-persist 'history)
|
||
(org-clock-persistence-insinuate)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
When you clock into a new task after resuming Emacs, the incomplete
|
||
clock@footnote{To resume the clock under the assumption that you have worked
|
||
on this task while outside Emacs, use @code{(setq org-clock-persist t)}.}
|
||
will be found (@pxref{Resolving idle time}) and you will be prompted about
|
||
what to do with it.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Clocking commands:: Starting and stopping a clock
|
||
* The clock table:: Detailed reports
|
||
* Resolving idle time:: Resolving time when you've been idle
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Clocking commands
|
||
@subsection Clocking commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-i,org-clock-in}
|
||
@vindex org-clock-into-drawer
|
||
@vindex org-clock-continuously
|
||
@cindex property, LOG_INTO_DRAWER
|
||
Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the CLOCK
|
||
keyword together with a timestamp. If this is not the first clocking of
|
||
this item, the multiple CLOCK lines will be wrapped into a
|
||
@code{:LOGBOOK:} drawer (see also the variable
|
||
@code{org-clock-into-drawer}). You can also overrule
|
||
the setting of this variable for a subtree by setting a
|
||
@code{CLOCK_INTO_DRAWER} or @code{LOG_INTO_DRAWER} property.
|
||
When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument,
|
||
select the task from a list of recently clocked tasks. With two @kbd{C-u
|
||
C-u} prefixes, clock into the task at point and mark it as the default task;
|
||
the default task will then always be available with letter @kbd{d} when
|
||
selecting a clocking task. With three @kbd{C-u C-u C-u} prefixes, force
|
||
continuous clocking by starting the clock when the last clock stopped.@*
|
||
@cindex property: CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL
|
||
@cindex property: LAST_REPEAT
|
||
@vindex org-clock-modeline-total
|
||
While the clock is running, the current clocking time is shown in the mode
|
||
line, along with the title of the task. The clock time shown will be all
|
||
time ever clocked for this task and its children. If the task has an effort
|
||
estimate (@pxref{Effort estimates}), the mode line displays the current
|
||
clocking time against it@footnote{To add an effort estimate ``on the fly'',
|
||
hook a function doing this to @code{org-clock-in-prepare-hook}.} If the task
|
||
is a repeating one (@pxref{Repeated tasks}), only the time since the last
|
||
reset of the task @footnote{as recorded by the @code{LAST_REPEAT} property}
|
||
will be shown. More control over what time is shown can be exercised with
|
||
the @code{CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL} property. It may have the values
|
||
@code{current} to show only the current clocking instance, @code{today} to
|
||
show all time clocked on this task today (see also the variable
|
||
@code{org-extend-today-until}), @code{all} to include all time, or
|
||
@code{auto} which is the default@footnote{See also the variable
|
||
@code{org-clock-modeline-total}.}.@* Clicking with @kbd{mouse-1} onto the
|
||
mode line entry will pop up a menu with clocking options.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-o,org-clock-out}
|
||
@vindex org-log-note-clock-out
|
||
Stop the clock (clock-out). This inserts another timestamp at the same
|
||
location where the clock was last started. It also directly computes
|
||
the resulting time and inserts it after the time range as @samp{=>
|
||
HH:MM}. See the variable @code{org-log-note-clock-out} for the
|
||
possibility to record an additional note together with the clock-out
|
||
timestamp@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is:
|
||
@code{#+STARTUP: lognoteclock-out}}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-x,org-clock-in-last}
|
||
@vindex org-clock-continuously
|
||
Reclock the last clocked task. With one @kbd{C-u} prefix argument,
|
||
select the task from the clock history. With two @kbd{C-u} prefixes,
|
||
force continuous clocking by starting the clock when the last clock
|
||
stopped.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-e,org-clock-modify-effort-estimate}
|
||
Update the effort estimate for the current clock task.
|
||
@kindex C-c C-y
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c C-c,C-c C-y,org-evaluate-time-range}
|
||
Recompute the time interval after changing one of the timestamps. This
|
||
is only necessary if you edit the timestamps directly. If you change
|
||
them with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys, the update is automatic.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-S-@key{up/down},org-clock-timestamps-up/down}
|
||
On @code{CLOCK} log lines, increase/decrease both timestamps so that the
|
||
clock duration keeps the same.
|
||
@orgcmd{S-M-@key{up/down},org-timestamp-up/down}
|
||
On @code{CLOCK} log lines, increase/decrease the timestamp at point and
|
||
the one of the previous (or the next clock) timestamp by the same duration.
|
||
For example, if you hit @kbd{S-M-@key{up}} to increase a clocked-out timestamp
|
||
by five minutes, then the clocked-in timestamp of the next clock will be
|
||
increased by five minutes.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-t,org-todo}
|
||
Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the clock
|
||
if it is running in this same item.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-q,org-clock-cancel}
|
||
Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by
|
||
mistake, or if you ended up working on something else.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-j,org-clock-goto}
|
||
Jump to the headline of the currently clocked in task. With a @kbd{C-u}
|
||
prefix arg, select the target task from a list of recently clocked tasks.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-d,org-clock-display}
|
||
@vindex org-remove-highlights-with-change
|
||
Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer. This puts
|
||
overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time recorded under
|
||
that heading, including the time of any subheadings. You can use visibility
|
||
cycling to study the tree, but the overlays disappear when you change the
|
||
buffer (see variable @code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}) or press
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The @kbd{l} key may be used the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}) to show
|
||
which tasks have been worked on or closed during a day.
|
||
|
||
@strong{Important:} note that both @code{org-clock-out} and
|
||
@code{org-clock-in-last} can have a global key binding and will not
|
||
modify the window disposition.
|
||
|
||
@node The clock table
|
||
@subsection The clock table
|
||
@cindex clocktable, dynamic block
|
||
@cindex report, of clocked time
|
||
|
||
Org mode can produce quite complex reports based on the time clocking
|
||
information. Such a report is called a @emph{clock table}, because it is
|
||
formatted as one or several Org tables.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-r,org-clock-report}
|
||
Insert a dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}) containing a clock
|
||
report as an Org mode table into the current file. When the cursor is
|
||
at an existing clock table, just update it. When called with a prefix
|
||
argument, jump to the first clock report in the current document and
|
||
update it. The clock table always includes also trees with
|
||
@code{:ARCHIVE:} tag.
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{C-c C-c,C-c C-x C-u,org-dblock-update}
|
||
Update dynamic block at point. The cursor needs to be in the
|
||
@code{#+BEGIN} line of the dynamic block.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c C-x C-u}
|
||
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). This is useful if
|
||
you have several clock table blocks in a buffer.
|
||
@orgcmdkxkc{S-@key{left},S-@key{right},org-clocktable-try-shift}
|
||
Shift the current @code{:block} interval and update the table. The cursor
|
||
needs to be in the @code{#+BEGIN: clocktable} line for this command. If
|
||
@code{:block} is @code{today}, it will be shifted to @code{today-1} etc.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of the frame for a clock table as it is inserted into the
|
||
buffer with the @kbd{C-c C-x C-r} command:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN, clocktable
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil :scope file
|
||
#+END: clocktable
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-clocktable-defaults
|
||
The @samp{BEGIN} line specifies a number of options to define the scope,
|
||
structure, and formatting of the report. Defaults for all these options can
|
||
be configured in the variable @code{org-clocktable-defaults}.
|
||
|
||
@noindent First there are options that determine which clock entries are to
|
||
be selected:
|
||
@example
|
||
:maxlevel @r{Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table.}
|
||
@r{Clocks at deeper levels will be summed into the upper level.}
|
||
:scope @r{The scope to consider. This can be any of the following:}
|
||
nil @r{the current buffer or narrowed region}
|
||
file @r{the full current buffer}
|
||
subtree @r{the subtree where the clocktable is located}
|
||
tree@var{N} @r{the surrounding level @var{N} tree, for example @code{tree3}}
|
||
tree @r{the surrounding level 1 tree}
|
||
agenda @r{all agenda files}
|
||
("file"..) @r{scan these files}
|
||
function @r{the list of files returned by a function of no argument}
|
||
file-with-archives @r{current file and its archives}
|
||
agenda-with-archives @r{all agenda files, including archives}
|
||
:block @r{The time block to consider. This block is specified either}
|
||
@r{absolutely, or relative to the current time and may be any of}
|
||
@r{these formats:}
|
||
2007-12-31 @r{New year eve 2007}
|
||
2007-12 @r{December 2007}
|
||
2007-W50 @r{ISO-week 50 in 2007}
|
||
2007-Q2 @r{2nd quarter in 2007}
|
||
2007 @r{the year 2007}
|
||
today, yesterday, today-@var{N} @r{a relative day}
|
||
thisweek, lastweek, thisweek-@var{N} @r{a relative week}
|
||
thismonth, lastmonth, thismonth-@var{N} @r{a relative month}
|
||
thisyear, lastyear, thisyear-@var{N} @r{a relative year}
|
||
untilnow
|
||
@r{Use @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}} keys to shift the time interval.}
|
||
:tstart @r{A time string specifying when to start considering times.}
|
||
@r{Relative times like @code{"<-2w>"} can also be used. See}
|
||
@r{@ref{Matching tags and properties} for relative time syntax.}
|
||
:tend @r{A time string specifying when to stop considering times.}
|
||
@r{Relative times like @code{"<now>"} can also be used. See}
|
||
@r{@ref{Matching tags and properties} for relative time syntax.}
|
||
:wstart @r{The starting day of the week. The default is 1 for monday.}
|
||
:mstart @r{The starting day of the month. The default 1 is for the first}
|
||
@r{day of the month.}
|
||
:step @r{@code{week} or @code{day}, to split the table into chunks.}
|
||
@r{To use this, @code{:block} or @code{:tstart}, @code{:tend} are needed.}
|
||
:stepskip0 @r{Do not show steps that have zero time.}
|
||
:fileskip0 @r{Do not show table sections from files which did not contribute.}
|
||
:tags @r{A tags match to select entries that should contribute. See}
|
||
@r{@ref{Matching tags and properties} for the match syntax.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Then there are options which determine the formatting of the table. These
|
||
options are interpreted by the function @code{org-clocktable-write-default},
|
||
but you can specify your own function using the @code{:formatter} parameter.
|
||
@example
|
||
:emphasize @r{When @code{t}, emphasize level one and level two items.}
|
||
:lang @r{Language@footnote{Language terms can be set through the variable @code{org-clock-clocktable-language-setup}.} to use for descriptive cells like "Task".}
|
||
:link @r{Link the item headlines in the table to their origins.}
|
||
:narrow @r{An integer to limit the width of the headline column in}
|
||
@r{the org table. If you write it like @samp{50!}, then the}
|
||
@r{headline will also be shortened in export.}
|
||
:indent @r{Indent each headline field according to its level.}
|
||
:tcolumns @r{Number of columns to be used for times. If this is smaller}
|
||
@r{than @code{:maxlevel}, lower levels will be lumped into one column.}
|
||
:level @r{Should a level number column be included?}
|
||
:sort @r{A cons cell like containing the column to sort and a sorting type.}
|
||
@r{E.g., @code{:sort (1 . ?a)} sorts the first column alphabetically.}
|
||
:compact @r{Abbreviation for @code{:level nil :indent t :narrow 40! :tcolumns 1}}
|
||
@r{All are overwritten except if there is an explicit @code{:narrow}}
|
||
:timestamp @r{A timestamp for the entry, when available. Look for SCHEDULED,}
|
||
@r{DEADLINE, TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP_IA, in this order.}
|
||
:properties @r{List of properties that should be shown in the table. Each}
|
||
@r{property will get its own column.}
|
||
:inherit-props @r{When this flag is @code{t}, the values for @code{:properties} will be inherited.}
|
||
:formula @r{Content of a @code{#+TBLFM} line to be added and evaluated.}
|
||
@r{As a special case, @samp{:formula %} adds a column with % time.}
|
||
@r{If you do not specify a formula here, any existing formula}
|
||
@r{below the clock table will survive updates and be evaluated.}
|
||
:formatter @r{A function to format clock data and insert it into the buffer.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
To get a clock summary of the current level 1 tree, for the current
|
||
day, you could write
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today :scope tree1 :link t
|
||
#+END: clocktable
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
and to use a specific time range you could write@footnote{Note that all
|
||
parameters must be specified in a single line---the line is broken here
|
||
only to fit it into the manual.}
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>"
|
||
:tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>"
|
||
#+END: clocktable
|
||
@end example
|
||
A range starting a week ago and ending right now could be written as
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<-1w>" :tend "<now>"
|
||
#+END: clocktable
|
||
@end example
|
||
A summary of the current subtree with % times would be
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope subtree :link t :formula %
|
||
#+END: clocktable
|
||
@end example
|
||
A horizontally compact representation of everything clocked during last week
|
||
would be
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope agenda :block lastweek :compact t
|
||
#+END: clocktable
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Resolving idle time
|
||
@subsection Resolving idle time and continuous clocking
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Resolving idle time
|
||
@cindex resolve idle time
|
||
@vindex org-clock-x11idle-program-name
|
||
|
||
@cindex idle, resolve, dangling
|
||
If you clock in on a work item, and then walk away from your
|
||
computer---perhaps to take a phone call---you often need to ``resolve'' the
|
||
time you were away by either subtracting it from the current clock, or
|
||
applying it to another one.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-clock-idle-time
|
||
By customizing the variable @code{org-clock-idle-time} to some integer, such
|
||
as 10 or 15, Emacs can alert you when you get back to your computer after
|
||
being idle for that many minutes@footnote{On computers using Mac OS X,
|
||
idleness is based on actual user idleness, not just Emacs' idle time. For
|
||
X11, you can install a utility program @file{x11idle.c}, available in the
|
||
@code{contrib/scripts} directory of the Org git distribution, or install the
|
||
@file{xprintidle} package and set it to the variable
|
||
@code{org-clock-x11idle-program-name} if you are running Debian, to get the
|
||
same general treatment of idleness. On other systems, idle time refers to
|
||
Emacs idle time only.}, and ask what you want to do with the idle time.
|
||
There will be a question waiting for you when you get back, indicating how
|
||
much idle time has passed (constantly updated with the current amount), as
|
||
well as a set of choices to correct the discrepancy:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item k
|
||
To keep some or all of the minutes and stay clocked in, press @kbd{k}. Org
|
||
will ask how many of the minutes to keep. Press @key{RET} to keep them all,
|
||
effectively changing nothing, or enter a number to keep that many minutes.
|
||
@item K
|
||
If you use the shift key and press @kbd{K}, it will keep however many minutes
|
||
you request and then immediately clock out of that task. If you keep all of
|
||
the minutes, this is the same as just clocking out of the current task.
|
||
@item s
|
||
To keep none of the minutes, use @kbd{s} to subtract all the away time from
|
||
the clock, and then check back in from the moment you returned.
|
||
@item S
|
||
To keep none of the minutes and just clock out at the start of the away time,
|
||
use the shift key and press @kbd{S}. Remember that using shift will always
|
||
leave you clocked out, no matter which option you choose.
|
||
@item C
|
||
To cancel the clock altogether, use @kbd{C}. Note that if instead of
|
||
canceling you subtract the away time, and the resulting clock amount is less
|
||
than a minute, the clock will still be canceled rather than clutter up the
|
||
log with an empty entry.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
What if you subtracted those away minutes from the current clock, and now
|
||
want to apply them to a new clock? Simply clock in to any task immediately
|
||
after the subtraction. Org will notice that you have subtracted time ``on
|
||
the books'', so to speak, and will ask if you want to apply those minutes to
|
||
the next task you clock in on.
|
||
|
||
There is one other instance when this clock resolution magic occurs. Say you
|
||
were clocked in and hacking away, and suddenly your cat chased a mouse who
|
||
scared a hamster that crashed into your UPS's power button! You suddenly
|
||
lose all your buffers, but thanks to auto-save you still have your recent Org
|
||
mode changes, including your last clock in.
|
||
|
||
If you restart Emacs and clock into any task, Org will notice that you have a
|
||
dangling clock which was never clocked out from your last session. Using
|
||
that clock's starting time as the beginning of the unaccounted-for period,
|
||
Org will ask how you want to resolve that time. The logic and behavior is
|
||
identical to dealing with away time due to idleness; it is just happening due
|
||
to a recovery event rather than a set amount of idle time.
|
||
|
||
You can also check all the files visited by your Org agenda for dangling
|
||
clocks at any time using @kbd{M-x org-resolve-clocks RET} (or @kbd{C-c C-x C-z}).
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Continuous clocking
|
||
@cindex continuous clocking
|
||
@vindex org-clock-continuously
|
||
|
||
You may want to start clocking from the time when you clocked out the
|
||
previous task. To enable this systematically, set @code{org-clock-continuously}
|
||
to @code{t}. Each time you clock in, Org retrieves the clock-out time of the
|
||
last clocked entry for this session, and start the new clock from there.
|
||
|
||
If you only want this from time to time, use three universal prefix arguments
|
||
with @code{org-clock-in} and two @kbd{C-u C-u} with @code{org-clock-in-last}.
|
||
|
||
@node Effort estimates
|
||
@section Effort estimates
|
||
@cindex effort estimates
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, Effort
|
||
If you want to plan your work in a very detailed way, or if you need to
|
||
produce offers with quotations of the estimated work effort, you may want to
|
||
assign effort estimates to entries. If you are also clocking your work, you
|
||
may later want to compare the planned effort with the actual working time,
|
||
a great way to improve planning estimates. Effort estimates are stored in
|
||
a special property @code{EFFORT}. You can set the effort for an entry with
|
||
the following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x e,org-set-effort}
|
||
Set the effort estimate for the current entry. With a numeric prefix
|
||
argument, set it to the Nth allowed value (see below). This command is also
|
||
accessible from the agenda with the @kbd{e} key.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-e,org-clock-modify-effort-estimate}
|
||
Modify the effort estimate of the item currently being clocked.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Clearly the best way to work with effort estimates is through column view
|
||
(@pxref{Column view}). You should start by setting up discrete values for
|
||
effort estimates, and a @code{COLUMNS} format that displays these values
|
||
together with clock sums (if you want to clock your time). For a specific
|
||
buffer you can use
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+PROPERTY: Effort_ALL 0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00
|
||
#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM(Task) %17Effort(Estimated Effort)@{:@} %CLOCKSUM
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-global-properties
|
||
@vindex org-columns-default-format
|
||
or, even better, you can set up these values globally by customizing the
|
||
variables @code{org-global-properties} and @code{org-columns-default-format}.
|
||
In particular if you want to use this setup also in the agenda, a global
|
||
setup may be advised.
|
||
|
||
The way to assign estimates to individual items is then to switch to column
|
||
mode, and to use @kbd{S-@key{right}} and @kbd{S-@key{left}} to change the
|
||
value. The values you enter will immediately be summed up in the hierarchy.
|
||
In the column next to it, any clocked time will be displayed.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum
|
||
If you switch to column view in the daily/weekly agenda, the effort column
|
||
will summarize the estimated work effort for each day@footnote{Please note
|
||
the pitfalls of summing hierarchical data in a flat list (@pxref{Agenda
|
||
column view}).}, and you can use this to find space in your schedule. To get
|
||
an overview of the entire part of the day that is committed, you can set the
|
||
option @code{org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum}. The
|
||
appointments on a day that take place over a specified time interval will
|
||
then also be added to the load estimate of the day.
|
||
|
||
Effort estimates can be used in secondary agenda filtering that is triggered
|
||
with the @kbd{/} key in the agenda (@pxref{Agenda commands}). If you have
|
||
these estimates defined consistently, two or three key presses will narrow
|
||
down the list to stuff that fits into an available time slot.
|
||
|
||
@node Timers
|
||
@section Taking notes with a timer
|
||
@cindex relative timer
|
||
@cindex countdown timer
|
||
@kindex ;
|
||
|
||
Org provides two types of timers. There is a relative timer that counts up,
|
||
which can be useful when taking notes during, for example, a meeting or
|
||
a video viewing. There is also a countdown timer.
|
||
|
||
The relative and countdown are started with separate commands.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x 0,org-timer-start}
|
||
Start or reset the relative timer. By default, the timer is set to 0. When
|
||
called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, prompt the user for a starting offset. If
|
||
there is a timer string at point, this is taken as the default, providing a
|
||
convenient way to restart taking notes after a break in the process. When
|
||
called with a double prefix argument @kbd{C-u C-u}, change all timer strings
|
||
in the active region by a certain amount. This can be used to fix timer
|
||
strings if the timer was not started at exactly the right moment.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x ;,org-timer-set-timer}
|
||
Start a countdown timer. The user is prompted for a duration.
|
||
@code{org-timer-default-timer} sets the default countdown value. Giving
|
||
a numeric prefix argument overrides this default value. This command is
|
||
available as @kbd{;} in agenda buffers.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Once started, relative and countdown timers are controlled with the same
|
||
commands.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x .,org-timer}
|
||
Insert the value of the current relative or countdown timer into the buffer.
|
||
If no timer is running, the relative timer will be started. When called with
|
||
a prefix argument, the relative timer is restarted.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x -,org-timer-item}
|
||
Insert a description list item with the value of the current relative or
|
||
countdown timer. With a prefix argument, first reset the relative timer to
|
||
0.
|
||
@orgcmd{M-@key{RET},org-insert-heading}
|
||
Once the timer list is started, you can also use @kbd{M-@key{RET}} to insert
|
||
new timer items.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x @comma{},org-timer-pause-or-continue}
|
||
Pause the timer, or continue it if it is already paused.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x _,org-timer-stop}
|
||
Stop the timer. After this, you can only start a new timer, not continue the
|
||
old one. This command also removes the timer from the mode line.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Capture - Refile - Archive
|
||
@chapter Capture - Refile - Archive
|
||
@cindex capture
|
||
|
||
An important part of any organization system is the ability to quickly
|
||
capture new ideas and tasks, and to associate reference material with them.
|
||
Org does this using a process called @i{capture}. It also can store files
|
||
related to a task (@i{attachments}) in a special directory. Once in the
|
||
system, tasks and projects need to be moved around. Moving completed project
|
||
trees to an archive file keeps the system compact and fast.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Capture:: Capturing new stuff
|
||
* Attachments:: Add files to tasks
|
||
* RSS feeds:: Getting input from RSS feeds
|
||
* Protocols:: External (e.g., Browser) access to Emacs and Org
|
||
* Refile and copy:: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another
|
||
* Archiving:: What to do with finished projects
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Capture
|
||
@section Capture
|
||
@cindex capture
|
||
|
||
Capture lets you quickly store notes with little interruption of your work
|
||
flow. Org's method for capturing new items is heavily inspired by John
|
||
Wiegley excellent @file{remember.el} package. Up to version 6.36, Org
|
||
used a special setup for @file{remember.el}, then replaced it with
|
||
@file{org-remember.el}. As of version 8.0, @file{org-remember.el} has
|
||
been completely replaced by @file{org-capture.el}.
|
||
|
||
If your configuration depends on @file{org-remember.el}, you need to update
|
||
it and use the setup described below. To convert your
|
||
@code{org-remember-templates}, run the command
|
||
@example
|
||
@kbd{M-x org-capture-import-remember-templates RET}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent and then customize the new variable with @kbd{M-x
|
||
customize-variable org-capture-templates}, check the result, and save the
|
||
customization.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Setting up capture:: Where notes will be stored
|
||
* Using capture:: Commands to invoke and terminate capture
|
||
* Capture templates:: Define the outline of different note types
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Setting up capture
|
||
@subsection Setting up capture
|
||
|
||
The following customization sets a default target file for notes, and defines
|
||
a global key@footnote{Please select your own key, @kbd{C-c c} is only a
|
||
suggestion.} for capturing new material.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-default-notes-file
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org"))
|
||
(define-key global-map "\C-cc" 'org-capture)
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
@node Using capture
|
||
@subsection Using capture
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c c,org-capture}
|
||
Call the command @code{org-capture}. Note that this key binding is global and
|
||
not active by default: you need to install it. If you have templates
|
||
@cindex date tree
|
||
defined @pxref{Capture templates}, it will offer these templates for
|
||
selection or use a new Org outline node as the default template. It will
|
||
insert the template into the target file and switch to an indirect buffer
|
||
narrowed to this new node. You may then insert the information you want.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-c,org-capture-finalize}
|
||
Once you have finished entering information into the capture buffer, @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-c} will return you to the window configuration before the capture process,
|
||
so that you can resume your work without further distraction. When called
|
||
with a prefix arg, finalize and then jump to the captured item.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-w,org-capture-refile}
|
||
Finalize the capture process by refiling (@pxref{Refile and copy}) the note to
|
||
a different place. Please realize that this is a normal refiling command
|
||
that will be executed---so the cursor position at the moment you run this
|
||
command is important. If you have inserted a tree with a parent and
|
||
children, first move the cursor back to the parent. Any prefix argument
|
||
given to this command will be passed on to the @code{org-refile} command.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-k,org-capture-kill}
|
||
Abort the capture process and return to the previous state.
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You can also call @code{org-capture} in a special way from the agenda, using
|
||
the @kbd{k c} key combination. With this access, any timestamps inserted by
|
||
the selected capture template will default to the cursor date in the agenda,
|
||
rather than to the current date.
|
||
|
||
To find the locations of the last stored capture, use @code{org-capture} with
|
||
prefix commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c c}
|
||
Visit the target location of a capture template. You get to select the
|
||
template in the usual way.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-u C-c c}
|
||
Visit the last stored capture item in its buffer.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-capture-bookmark
|
||
@cindex org-capture-last-stored
|
||
You can also jump to the bookmark @code{org-capture-last-stored}, which will
|
||
automatically be created unless you set @code{org-capture-bookmark} to
|
||
@code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
To insert the capture at point in an Org buffer, call @code{org-capture} with
|
||
a @code{C-0} prefix argument.
|
||
|
||
@node Capture templates
|
||
@subsection Capture templates
|
||
@cindex templates, for Capture
|
||
|
||
You can use templates for different types of capture items, and
|
||
for different target locations. The easiest way to create such templates is
|
||
through the customize interface.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgkey{C-c c C}
|
||
Customize the variable @code{org-capture-templates}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Before we give the formal description of template definitions, let's look at
|
||
an example. Say you would like to use one template to create general TODO
|
||
entries, and you want to put these entries under the heading @samp{Tasks} in
|
||
your file @file{~/org/gtd.org}. Also, a date tree in the file
|
||
@file{journal.org} should capture journal entries. A possible configuration
|
||
would look like:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-capture-templates
|
||
'(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "~/org/gtd.org" "Tasks")
|
||
"* TODO %?\n %i\n %a")
|
||
("j" "Journal" entry (file+olp+datetree "~/org/journal.org")
|
||
"* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a")))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent If you then press @kbd{C-c c t}, Org will prepare the template
|
||
for you like this:
|
||
@example
|
||
* TODO
|
||
[[file:@var{link to where you initiated capture}]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
During expansion of the template, @code{%a} has been replaced by a link to
|
||
the location from where you called the capture command. This can be
|
||
extremely useful for deriving tasks from emails, for example. You fill in
|
||
the task definition, press @kbd{C-c C-c} and Org returns you to the same
|
||
place where you started the capture process.
|
||
|
||
To define special keys to capture to a particular template without going
|
||
through the interactive template selection, you can create your key binding
|
||
like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(define-key global-map "\C-cx"
|
||
(lambda () (interactive) (org-capture nil "x")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Template elements:: What is needed for a complete template entry
|
||
* Template expansion:: Filling in information about time and context
|
||
* Templates in contexts:: Only show a template in a specific context
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Template elements
|
||
@subsubsection Template elements
|
||
|
||
Now lets look at the elements of a template definition. Each entry in
|
||
@code{org-capture-templates} is a list with the following items:
|
||
|
||
@table @var
|
||
@item keys
|
||
The keys that will select the template, as a string, characters
|
||
only, for example @code{"a"} for a template to be selected with a
|
||
single key, or @code{"bt"} for selection with two keys. When using
|
||
several keys, keys using the same prefix key must be sequential
|
||
in the list and preceded by a 2-element entry explaining the
|
||
prefix key, for example
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
("b" "Templates for marking stuff to buy")
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
@noindent If you do not define a template for the @kbd{C} key, this key will
|
||
be used to open the customize buffer for this complex variable.
|
||
|
||
@item description
|
||
A short string describing the template, which will be shown during
|
||
selection.
|
||
|
||
@item type
|
||
The type of entry, a symbol. Valid values are:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item entry
|
||
An Org mode node, with a headline. Will be filed as the child of the target
|
||
entry or as a top-level entry. The target file should be an Org mode file.
|
||
@item item
|
||
A plain list item, placed in the first plain list at the target
|
||
location. Again the target file should be an Org file.
|
||
@item checkitem
|
||
A checkbox item. This only differs from the plain list item by the
|
||
default template.
|
||
@item table-line
|
||
a new line in the first table at the target location. Where exactly the
|
||
line will be inserted depends on the properties @code{:prepend} and
|
||
@code{:table-line-pos} (see below).
|
||
@item plain
|
||
Text to be inserted as it is.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@item target
|
||
@vindex org-default-notes-file
|
||
Specification of where the captured item should be placed. In Org mode
|
||
files, targets usually define a node. Entries will become children of this
|
||
node. Other types will be added to the table or list in the body of this
|
||
node. Most target specifications contain a file name. If that file name is
|
||
the empty string, it defaults to @code{org-default-notes-file}. A file can
|
||
also be given as a variable or as a function called with no argument. When
|
||
an absolute path is not specified for a target, it is taken as relative to
|
||
@code{org-directory}.
|
||
|
||
Valid values are:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item (file "path/to/file")
|
||
Text will be placed at the beginning or end of that file.
|
||
|
||
@item (id "id of existing org entry")
|
||
Filing as child of this entry, or in the body of the entry.
|
||
|
||
@item (file+headline "path/to/file" "node headline")
|
||
Fast configuration if the target heading is unique in the file.
|
||
|
||
@item (file+olp "path/to/file" "Level 1 heading" "Level 2" ...)
|
||
For non-unique headings, the full path is safer.
|
||
|
||
@item (file+regexp "path/to/file" "regexp to find location")
|
||
Use a regular expression to position the cursor.
|
||
|
||
@item (file+olp+datetree "path/to/file" [ "Level 1 heading" ....])
|
||
This target@footnote{Org used to offer four different targets for date/week
|
||
tree capture. Now, Org automatically translates these to use
|
||
@code{file+olp+datetree}, applying the @code{:time-prompt} and
|
||
@code{:tree-type} properties. Please rewrite your date/week-tree targets
|
||
using @code{file+olp+datetree} since the older targets are now deprecated.}
|
||
will create a heading in a date tree@footnote{A date tree is an outline
|
||
structure with years on the highest level, months or ISO-weeks as sublevels
|
||
and then dates on the lowest level. Tags are allowed in the tree structure.}
|
||
for today's date. If the optional outline path is given, the tree will be
|
||
built under the node it is pointing to, instead of at top level. Check out
|
||
the @code{:time-prompt} and @code{:tree-type} properties below for additional
|
||
options.
|
||
|
||
@item (file+function "path/to/file" function-finding-location)
|
||
A function to find the right location in the file.
|
||
|
||
@item (clock)
|
||
File to the entry that is currently being clocked.
|
||
|
||
@item (function function-finding-location)
|
||
Most general way: write your own function which both visits
|
||
the file and moves point to the right location.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@item template
|
||
The template for creating the capture item. If you leave this empty, an
|
||
appropriate default template will be used. Otherwise this is a string with
|
||
escape codes, which will be replaced depending on time and context of the
|
||
capture call. The string with escapes may be loaded from a template file,
|
||
using the special syntax @code{(file "path/to/template")}. See below for
|
||
more details.
|
||
|
||
@item properties
|
||
The rest of the entry is a property list of additional options.
|
||
Recognized properties are:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item :prepend
|
||
Normally new captured information will be appended at
|
||
the target location (last child, last table line, last list item...).
|
||
Setting this property will change that.
|
||
|
||
@item :immediate-finish
|
||
When set, do not offer to edit the information, just
|
||
file it away immediately. This makes sense if the template only needs
|
||
information that can be added automatically.
|
||
|
||
@item :empty-lines
|
||
Set this to the number of lines to insert
|
||
before and after the new item. Default 0, only common other value is 1.
|
||
|
||
@item :clock-in
|
||
Start the clock in this item.
|
||
|
||
@item :clock-keep
|
||
Keep the clock running when filing the captured entry.
|
||
|
||
@item :clock-resume
|
||
If starting the capture interrupted a clock, restart that clock when finished
|
||
with the capture. Note that @code{:clock-keep} has precedence over
|
||
@code{:clock-resume}. When setting both to @code{t}, the current clock will
|
||
run and the previous one will not be resumed.
|
||
|
||
@item :time-prompt
|
||
Prompt for a date/time to be used for date/week trees and when filling the
|
||
template. Without this property, capture uses the current date and time.
|
||
Even if this property has not been set, you can force the same behavior by
|
||
calling @code{org-capture} with a @kbd{C-1} prefix argument.
|
||
|
||
@item :tree-type
|
||
When `week', make a week tree instead of the month tree, i.e. place the
|
||
headings for each day under a heading with the current iso week.
|
||
|
||
@item :unnarrowed
|
||
Do not narrow the target buffer, simply show the full buffer. Default is to
|
||
narrow it so that you only see the new material.
|
||
|
||
@item :table-line-pos
|
||
Specification of the location in the table where the new line should be
|
||
inserted. It can be a string, a variable holding a string or a function
|
||
returning a string. The string should look like @code{"II-3"} meaning that
|
||
the new line should become the third line before the second horizontal
|
||
separator line.
|
||
|
||
@item :kill-buffer
|
||
If the target file was not yet visited when capture was invoked, kill the
|
||
buffer again after capture is completed.
|
||
@end table
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Template expansion
|
||
@subsubsection Template expansion
|
||
|
||
In the template itself, special @kbd{%}-escapes@footnote{If you need one of
|
||
these sequences literally, escape the @kbd{%} with a backslash.} allow
|
||
dynamic insertion of content. The templates are expanded in the order given here:
|
||
|
||
@smallexample
|
||
%[@var{file}] @r{Insert the contents of the file given by @var{file}.}
|
||
%(@var{sexp}) @r{Evaluate Elisp @var{sexp} and replace with the result.}
|
||
@r{For convenience, %:keyword (see below) placeholders}
|
||
@r{within the expression will be expanded prior to this.}
|
||
@r{The sexp must return a string.}
|
||
%<...> @r{The result of format-time-string on the ... format specification.}
|
||
%t @r{Timestamp, date only.}
|
||
%T @r{Timestamp, with date and time.}
|
||
%u, %U @r{Like the above, but inactive timestamps.}
|
||
%i @r{Initial content, the region when capture is called while the}
|
||
@r{region is active.}
|
||
@r{The entire text will be indented like @code{%i} itself.}
|
||
%a @r{Annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link}.}
|
||
%A @r{Like @code{%a}, but prompt for the description part.}
|
||
%l @r{Like %a, but only insert the literal link.}
|
||
%c @r{Current kill ring head.}
|
||
%x @r{Content of the X clipboard.}
|
||
%k @r{Title of the currently clocked task.}
|
||
%K @r{Link to the currently clocked task.}
|
||
%n @r{User name (taken from @code{user-full-name}).}
|
||
%f @r{File visited by current buffer when org-capture was called.}
|
||
%F @r{Full path of the file or directory visited by current buffer.}
|
||
%:keyword @r{Specific information for certain link types, see below.}
|
||
%^g @r{Prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file.}
|
||
%^G @r{Prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files.}
|
||
%^t @r{Like @code{%t}, but prompt for date. Similarly @code{%^T}, @code{%^u}, @code{%^U}.}
|
||
@r{You may define a prompt like @code{%^@{Birthday@}t}.}
|
||
%^C @r{Interactive selection of which kill or clip to use.}
|
||
%^L @r{Like @code{%^C}, but insert as link.}
|
||
%^@{@var{prop}@}p @r{Prompt the user for a value for property @var{prop}.}
|
||
%^@{@var{prompt}@} @r{prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it.}
|
||
@r{You may specify a default value and a completion table with}
|
||
@r{%^@{prompt|default|completion2|completion3...@}.}
|
||
@r{The arrow keys access a prompt-specific history.}
|
||
%\1 @dots{} %\N @r{Insert the text entered at the Nth %^@{@var{prompt}@}, where @code{N} is}
|
||
@r{a number, starting from 1.}
|
||
%? @r{After completing the template, position cursor here.}
|
||
@end smallexample
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
For specific link types, the following keywords will be
|
||
defined@footnote{If you define your own link types (@pxref{Adding
|
||
hyperlink types}), any property you store with
|
||
@code{org-store-link-props} can be accessed in capture templates in a
|
||
similar way.}:
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-from-is-user-regexp
|
||
@smallexample
|
||
Link type | Available keywords
|
||
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------
|
||
bbdb | %:name %:company
|
||
irc | %:server %:port %:nick
|
||
vm, vm-imap, wl, mh, mew, rmail, | %:type %:subject %:message-id
|
||
gnus, notmuch | %:from %:fromname %:fromaddress
|
||
| %:to %:toname %:toaddress
|
||
| %:date @r{(message date header field)}
|
||
| %:date-timestamp @r{(date as active timestamp)}
|
||
| %:date-timestamp-inactive @r{(date as inactive timestamp)}
|
||
| %:fromto @r{(either "to NAME" or "from NAME")@footnote{This will always be the other, not the user. See the variable @code{org-from-is-user-regexp}.}}
|
||
gnus | %:group, @r{for messages also all email fields}
|
||
eww, w3, w3m | %:url
|
||
info | %:file %:node
|
||
calendar | %:date
|
||
@end smallexample
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
To place the cursor after template expansion use:
|
||
|
||
@smallexample
|
||
%? @r{After completing the template, position cursor here.}
|
||
@end smallexample
|
||
|
||
@node Templates in contexts
|
||
@subsubsection Templates in contexts
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-capture-templates-contexts
|
||
To control whether a capture template should be accessible from a specific
|
||
context, you can customize @code{org-capture-templates-contexts}. Let's say
|
||
for example that you have a capture template @code{"p"} for storing Gnus
|
||
emails containing patches. Then you would configure this option like this:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
(setq org-capture-templates-contexts
|
||
'(("p" (in-mode . "message-mode"))))
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
You can also tell that the command key @code{"p"} should refer to another
|
||
template. In that case, add this command key like this:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
(setq org-capture-templates-contexts
|
||
'(("p" "q" (in-mode . "message-mode"))))
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
See the docstring of the variable for more information.
|
||
|
||
@node Attachments
|
||
@section Attachments
|
||
@cindex attachments
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-attach-directory
|
||
It is often useful to associate reference material with an outline node/task.
|
||
Small chunks of plain text can simply be stored in the subtree of a project.
|
||
Hyperlinks (@pxref{Hyperlinks}) can establish associations with
|
||
files that live elsewhere on your computer or in the cloud, like emails or
|
||
source code files belonging to a project. Another method is @i{attachments},
|
||
which are files located in a directory belonging to an outline node. Org
|
||
uses directories named by the unique ID of each entry. These directories are
|
||
located in the @file{data} directory which lives in the same directory where
|
||
your Org file lives@footnote{If you move entries or Org files from one
|
||
directory to another, you may want to configure @code{org-attach-directory}
|
||
to contain an absolute path.}. If you initialize this directory with
|
||
@code{git init}, Org will automatically commit changes when it sees them.
|
||
The attachment system has been contributed to Org by John Wiegley.
|
||
|
||
In cases where it seems better to do so, you can also attach a directory of your
|
||
choice to an entry. You can also make children inherit the attachment
|
||
directory from a parent, so that an entire subtree uses the same attached
|
||
directory.
|
||
|
||
@noindent The following commands deal with attachments:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-a,org-attach}
|
||
The dispatcher for commands related to the attachment system. After these
|
||
keys, a list of commands is displayed and you must press an additional key
|
||
to select a command:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{a,C-c C-a a,org-attach-attach}
|
||
@vindex org-attach-method
|
||
Select a file and move it into the task's attachment directory. The file
|
||
will be copied, moved, or linked, depending on @code{org-attach-method}.
|
||
Note that hard links are not supported on all systems.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-a c
|
||
@kindex C-c C-a m
|
||
@kindex C-c C-a l
|
||
@item c/m/l
|
||
Attach a file using the copy/move/link method.
|
||
Note that hard links are not supported on all systems.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{u,C-c C-a u,org-attach-url}
|
||
Attach a file from URL
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{n,C-c C-a n,org-attach-new}
|
||
Create a new attachment as an Emacs buffer.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{z,C-c C-a z,org-attach-sync}
|
||
Synchronize the current task with its attachment directory, in case you added
|
||
attachments yourself.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{o,C-c C-a o,org-attach-open}
|
||
@vindex org-file-apps
|
||
Open current task's attachment. If there is more than one, prompt for a
|
||
file name first. Opening will follow the rules set by @code{org-file-apps}.
|
||
For more details, see the information on following hyperlinks
|
||
(@pxref{Handling links}).
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{O,C-c C-a O,org-attach-open-in-emacs}
|
||
Also open the attachment, but force opening the file in Emacs.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{f,C-c C-a f,org-attach-reveal}
|
||
Open the current task's attachment directory.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{F,C-c C-a F,org-attach-reveal-in-emacs}
|
||
Also open the directory, but force using @command{dired} in Emacs.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{d,C-c C-a d,org-attach-delete-one}
|
||
Select and delete a single attachment.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{D,C-c C-a D,org-attach-delete-all}
|
||
Delete all of a task's attachments. A safer way is to open the directory in
|
||
@command{dired} and delete from there.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{s,C-c C-a s,org-attach-set-directory}
|
||
@cindex property, ATTACH_DIR
|
||
Set a specific directory as the entry's attachment directory. This works by
|
||
putting the directory path into the @code{ATTACH_DIR} property.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{i,C-c C-a i,org-attach-set-inherit}
|
||
@cindex property, ATTACH_DIR_INHERIT
|
||
Set the @code{ATTACH_DIR_INHERIT} property, so that children will use the
|
||
same directory for attachments as the parent does.
|
||
@end table
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node RSS feeds
|
||
@section RSS feeds
|
||
@cindex RSS feeds
|
||
@cindex Atom feeds
|
||
|
||
Org can add and change entries based on information found in RSS feeds and
|
||
Atom feeds. You could use this to make a task out of each new podcast in a
|
||
podcast feed. Or you could use a phone-based note-creating service on the
|
||
web to import tasks into Org. To access feeds, configure the variable
|
||
@code{org-feed-alist}. The docstring of this variable has detailed
|
||
information. Here is just an example:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-feed-alist
|
||
'(("Slashdot"
|
||
"http://rss.slashdot.org/Slashdot/slashdot"
|
||
"~/txt/org/feeds.org" "Slashdot Entries")))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
will configure that new items from the feed provided by
|
||
@code{rss.slashdot.org} will result in new entries in the file
|
||
@file{~/org/feeds.org} under the heading @samp{Slashdot Entries}, whenever
|
||
the following command is used:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x g,org-feed-update-all}
|
||
@item C-c C-x g
|
||
Collect items from the feeds configured in @code{org-feed-alist} and act upon
|
||
them.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x G,org-feed-goto-inbox}
|
||
Prompt for a feed name and go to the inbox configured for this feed.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Under the same headline, Org will create a drawer @samp{FEEDSTATUS} in which
|
||
it will store information about the status of items in the feed, to avoid
|
||
adding the same item several times.
|
||
|
||
For more information, including how to read atom feeds, see
|
||
@file{org-feed.el} and the docstring of @code{org-feed-alist}.
|
||
|
||
@node Protocols
|
||
@section Protocols for external access
|
||
@cindex protocols, for external access
|
||
@cindex emacsserver
|
||
|
||
You can set up Org for handling protocol calls from outside applications that
|
||
are passed to Emacs through the @file{emacsserver}. For example, you can
|
||
configure bookmarks in your web browser to send a link to the current page to
|
||
Org and create a note from it using capture (@pxref{Capture}). Or you
|
||
could create a bookmark that will tell Emacs to open the local source file of
|
||
a remote website you are looking at with the browser. See
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/org-protocol.php} for detailed
|
||
documentation and setup instructions.
|
||
|
||
@node Refile and copy
|
||
@section Refile and copy
|
||
@cindex refiling notes
|
||
@cindex copying notes
|
||
|
||
When reviewing the captured data, you may want to refile or to copy some of
|
||
the entries into a different list, for example into a project. Cutting,
|
||
finding the right location, and then pasting the note is cumbersome. To
|
||
simplify this process, you can use the following special command:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c M-w,org-copy}
|
||
@findex org-copy
|
||
Copying works like refiling, except that the original note is not deleted.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-w,org-refile}
|
||
@findex org-refile
|
||
@vindex org-reverse-note-order
|
||
@vindex org-refile-targets
|
||
@vindex org-refile-use-outline-path
|
||
@vindex org-outline-path-complete-in-steps
|
||
@vindex org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes
|
||
@vindex org-log-refile
|
||
@vindex org-refile-use-cache
|
||
@vindex org-refile-keep
|
||
Refile the entry or region at point. This command offers possible locations
|
||
for refiling the entry and lets you select one with completion. The item (or
|
||
all items in the region) is filed below the target heading as a subitem.
|
||
Depending on @code{org-reverse-note-order}, it will be either the first or
|
||
last subitem.@*
|
||
By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are considered to be
|
||
targets, but you can have more complex definitions across a number of files.
|
||
See the variable @code{org-refile-targets} for details. If you would like to
|
||
select a location via a file-path-like completion along the outline path, see
|
||
the variables @code{org-refile-use-outline-path} and
|
||
@code{org-outline-path-complete-in-steps}. If you would like to be able to
|
||
create new nodes as new parents for refiling on the fly, check the
|
||
variable @code{org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes}.
|
||
When the variable @code{org-log-refile}@footnote{with corresponding
|
||
@code{#+STARTUP} keywords @code{logrefile}, @code{lognoterefile},
|
||
and @code{nologrefile}} is set, a timestamp or a note will be
|
||
recorded when an entry has been refiled.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c C-w}
|
||
Use the refile interface to jump to a heading.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-u C-u C-c C-w,org-refile-goto-last-stored}
|
||
Jump to the location where @code{org-refile} last moved a tree to.
|
||
@item C-2 C-c C-w
|
||
Refile as the child of the item currently being clocked.
|
||
@item C-3 C-c C-w
|
||
Refile and keep the entry in place. Also see @code{org-refile-keep} to make
|
||
this the default behavior, and beware that this may result in duplicated
|
||
@code{ID} properties.
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{C-0 C-c C-w @ @r{or} @ C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w,C-0 C-c C-w,org-refile-cache-clear}
|
||
Clear the target cache. Caching of refile targets can be turned on by
|
||
setting @code{org-refile-use-cache}. To make the command see new possible
|
||
targets, you have to clear the cache with this command.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Archiving
|
||
@section Archiving
|
||
@cindex archiving
|
||
|
||
When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want
|
||
to move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the
|
||
agenda. Archiving is important to keep your working files compact and global
|
||
searches like the construction of agenda views fast.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-a,org-archive-subtree-default}
|
||
@vindex org-archive-default-command
|
||
Archive the current entry using the command specified in the variable
|
||
@code{org-archive-default-command}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
|
||
* Internal archiving:: Switch off a tree but keep it in the file
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Moving subtrees
|
||
@subsection Moving a tree to the archive file
|
||
@cindex external archiving
|
||
|
||
The most common archiving action is to move a project tree to another file,
|
||
the archive file.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{C-c C-x C-s,C-c $,org-archive-subtree}
|
||
@vindex org-archive-location
|
||
Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
|
||
given by @code{org-archive-location}.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c C-x C-s}
|
||
Check if any direct children of the current headline could be moved to
|
||
the archive. To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries.
|
||
If none are found, the command offers to move it to the archive
|
||
location. If the cursor is @emph{not} on a headline when this command
|
||
is invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-u C-c C-x C-s}
|
||
As above, but check subtree for timestamps instead of TODO entries. The
|
||
command will offer to archive the subtree if it @emph{does} contain a
|
||
timestamp, and that timestamp is in the past.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@cindex archive locations
|
||
The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the
|
||
current file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
|
||
current file name. You can also choose what heading to file archived
|
||
items under, with the possibility to add them to a datetree in a file.
|
||
For information and examples on how to specify the file and the heading,
|
||
see the documentation string of the variable
|
||
@code{org-archive-location}.
|
||
|
||
There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for example:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ARCHIVE
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, ARCHIVE
|
||
@noindent
|
||
If you would like to have a special ARCHIVE location for a single entry
|
||
or a (sub)tree, give the entry an @code{:ARCHIVE:} property with the
|
||
location as the value (@pxref{Properties and columns}).
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-archive-save-context-info
|
||
When a subtree is moved, it receives a number of special properties that
|
||
record context information like the file from where the entry came, its
|
||
outline path the archiving time etc. Configure the variable
|
||
@code{org-archive-save-context-info} to adjust the amount of information
|
||
added.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Internal archiving
|
||
@subsection Internal archiving
|
||
|
||
@cindex archive tag
|
||
If you want to just switch off---for agenda views---certain subtrees without
|
||
moving them to a different file, you can use the archive tag.
|
||
|
||
A headline that is marked with the @samp{:ARCHIVE:} tag (@pxref{Tags}) stays
|
||
at its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way:
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-cycle-open-archived-trees
|
||
It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility cycling
|
||
command (@pxref{Visibility cycling}). You can force cycling archived
|
||
subtrees with @kbd{C-@key{TAB}}, or by setting the option
|
||
@code{org-cycle-open-archived-trees}. Also normal outline commands like
|
||
@code{show-all} will open archived subtrees.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees
|
||
During sparse tree construction (@pxref{Sparse trees}), matches in
|
||
archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option
|
||
@code{org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-archived-trees
|
||
During agenda view construction (@pxref{Agenda views}), the content of
|
||
archived trees is ignored unless you configure the option
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-archived-trees}, in which case these trees will always
|
||
be included. In the agenda you can press @kbd{v a} to get archives
|
||
temporarily included.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-archived-trees
|
||
Archived trees are not exported (@pxref{Exporting}), only the headline
|
||
is. Configure the details using the variable
|
||
@code{org-export-with-archived-trees}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-columns-skip-archived-trees
|
||
Archived trees are excluded from column view unless the variable
|
||
@code{org-columns-skip-archived-trees} is configured to @code{nil}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
The following commands help manage the ARCHIVE tag:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x a,org-toggle-archive-tag}
|
||
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline. When the tag is set,
|
||
the headline changes to a shadowed face, and the subtree below it is
|
||
hidden.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c C-x a}
|
||
Check if any direct children of the current headline should be archived.
|
||
To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries. If none are
|
||
found, the command offers to set the ARCHIVE tag for the child. If the
|
||
cursor is @emph{not} on a headline when this command is invoked, the
|
||
level 1 trees will be checked.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-@kbd{TAB},org-force-cycle-archived}
|
||
Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with ARCHIVE.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x A,org-archive-to-archive-sibling}
|
||
Move the current entry to the @emph{Archive Sibling}. This is a sibling of
|
||
the entry with the heading @samp{Archive} and the tag @samp{ARCHIVE}. The
|
||
entry becomes a child of that sibling and in this way retains a lot of its
|
||
original context, including inherited tags and approximate position in the
|
||
outline.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Agenda views
|
||
@chapter Agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda views
|
||
|
||
Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
|
||
tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
|
||
files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are
|
||
important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
|
||
sorted and displayed in an organized way.
|
||
|
||
Org can select items based on various criteria and display them
|
||
in a separate buffer. Six different view types are provided:
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
an @emph{agenda} that is like a calendar and shows information
|
||
for specific dates,
|
||
@item
|
||
a @emph{TODO list} that covers all unfinished
|
||
action items,
|
||
@item
|
||
a @emph{match view}, showings headlines based on the tags, properties, and
|
||
TODO state associated with them,
|
||
@item
|
||
a @emph{text search view} that shows all entries from multiple files
|
||
that contain specified keywords,
|
||
@item
|
||
a @emph{stuck projects view} showing projects that currently don't move
|
||
along, and
|
||
@item
|
||
@emph{custom views} that are special searches and combinations of different
|
||
views.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The extracted information is displayed in a special @emph{agenda
|
||
buffer}. This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
|
||
corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even to
|
||
edit these files remotely.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-comment-trees
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-archived-trees
|
||
@cindex commented entries, in agenda views
|
||
@cindex archived entries, in agenda views
|
||
By default, the report ignores commented (@pxref{Comment lines}) and archived
|
||
(@pxref{Internal archiving}) entries. You can override this by setting
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-comment-trees} and
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-archived-trees} to @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-window-setup
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit
|
||
Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether the
|
||
window configuration is restored when the agenda exits:
|
||
@code{org-agenda-window-setup} and
|
||
@code{org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit}.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
|
||
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
|
||
* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
|
||
* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
|
||
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of Org trees
|
||
* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
|
||
* Exporting agenda views:: Writing a view to a file
|
||
* Agenda column view:: Using column view for collected entries
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Agenda files
|
||
@section Agenda files
|
||
@cindex agenda files
|
||
@cindex files for agenda
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-files
|
||
The information to be shown is normally collected from all @emph{agenda
|
||
files}, the files listed in the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the value of that variable is not a
|
||
list, but a single file name, then the list of agenda files will be
|
||
maintained in that external file.}. If a directory is part of this list,
|
||
all files with the extension @file{.org} in this directory will be part
|
||
of the list.
|
||
|
||
Thus, even if you only work with a single Org file, that file should
|
||
be put into the list@footnote{When using the dispatcher, pressing
|
||
@kbd{<} before selecting a command will actually limit the command to
|
||
the current file, and ignore @code{org-agenda-files} until the next
|
||
dispatcher command.}. You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, but
|
||
the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands
|
||
|
||
@cindex files, adding to agenda list
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c [,org-agenda-file-to-front}
|
||
Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to
|
||
the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved to
|
||
the front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the end.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ],org-remove-file}
|
||
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
|
||
@kindex C-,
|
||
@cindex cycling, of agenda files
|
||
@orgcmd{C-',org-cycle-agenda-files}
|
||
@itemx C-,
|
||
Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other.
|
||
@kindex M-x org-iswitchb
|
||
@item M-x org-iswitchb RET
|
||
Command to use an @code{iswitchb}-like interface to switch to and between Org
|
||
buffers.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used
|
||
to visit any of them.
|
||
|
||
If you would like to focus the agenda temporarily on a file not in
|
||
this list, or on just one file in the list, or even on only a subtree in a
|
||
file, then this can be done in different ways. For a single agenda command,
|
||
you may press @kbd{<} once or several times in the dispatcher
|
||
(@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}). To restrict the agenda scope for an
|
||
extended period, use the following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x <,org-agenda-set-restriction-lock}
|
||
Permanently restrict the agenda to the current subtree. When with a
|
||
prefix argument, or with the cursor before the first headline in a file,
|
||
the agenda scope is set to the entire file. This restriction remains in
|
||
effect until removed with @kbd{C-c C-x >}, or by typing either @kbd{<}
|
||
or @kbd{>} in the agenda dispatcher. If there is a window displaying an
|
||
agenda view, the new restriction takes effect immediately.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x >,org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock}
|
||
Remove the permanent restriction created by @kbd{C-c C-x <}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
When working with @file{speedbar.el}, you can use the following commands in
|
||
the Speedbar frame:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{< @r{in the speedbar frame},<,org-speedbar-set-agenda-restriction}
|
||
Permanently restrict the agenda to the item---either an Org file or a subtree
|
||
in such a file---at the cursor in the Speedbar frame.
|
||
If there is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction takes
|
||
effect immediately.
|
||
@orgcmdtkc{> @r{in the speedbar frame},>,org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock}
|
||
Lift the restriction.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Agenda dispatcher
|
||
@section The agenda dispatcher
|
||
@cindex agenda dispatcher
|
||
@cindex dispatching agenda commands
|
||
The views are created through a dispatcher, which should be bound to a
|
||
global key---for example @kbd{C-c a} (@pxref{Activation}). In the
|
||
following we will assume that @kbd{C-c a} is indeed how the dispatcher
|
||
is accessed and list keyboard access to commands accordingly. After
|
||
pressing @kbd{C-c a}, an additional letter is required to execute a
|
||
command. The dispatcher offers the following default commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item a
|
||
Create the calendar-like agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}).
|
||
@item t @r{/} T
|
||
Create a list of all TODO items (@pxref{Global TODO list}).
|
||
@item m @r{/} M
|
||
Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (@pxref{Matching
|
||
tags and properties}).
|
||
@item s
|
||
Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of keywords
|
||
and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in the entry.
|
||
@item /
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-text-search-extra-files
|
||
Search for a regular expression in all agenda files and additionally in
|
||
the files listed in @code{org-agenda-text-search-extra-files}. This
|
||
uses the Emacs command @code{multi-occur}. A prefix argument can be
|
||
used to specify the number of context lines for each match, default is
|
||
1.
|
||
@item # @r{/} !
|
||
Create a list of stuck projects (@pxref{Stuck projects}).
|
||
@item <
|
||
Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer@footnote{For backward
|
||
compatibility, you can also press @kbd{1} to restrict to the current
|
||
buffer.}. After pressing @kbd{<}, you still need to press the character
|
||
selecting the command.
|
||
@item < <
|
||
If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command to
|
||
the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current subtree@footnote{For
|
||
backward compatibility, you can also press @kbd{0} to restrict to the
|
||
current region/subtree.}. After pressing @kbd{< <}, you still need to press the
|
||
character selecting the command.
|
||
|
||
@item *
|
||
@cindex agenda, sticky
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-sticky
|
||
Toggle sticky agenda views. By default, Org maintains only a single agenda
|
||
buffer and rebuilds it each time you change the view, to make sure everything
|
||
is always up to date. If you often switch between agenda views and the build
|
||
time bothers you, you can turn on sticky agenda buffers or make this the
|
||
default by customizing the variable @code{org-agenda-sticky}. With sticky
|
||
agendas, the agenda dispatcher will not recreate agenda views from scratch,
|
||
it will only switch to the selected one, and you need to update the agenda by
|
||
hand with @kbd{r} or @kbd{g} when needed. You can toggle sticky agenda view
|
||
any time with @code{org-toggle-sticky-agenda}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through the
|
||
dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the
|
||
possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several
|
||
blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list and
|
||
a number of special tags matches. @xref{Custom agenda views}.
|
||
|
||
@node Built-in agenda views
|
||
@section The built-in agenda views
|
||
|
||
In this section we describe the built-in views.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Weekly/daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
|
||
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
|
||
* Matching tags and properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
|
||
* Search view:: Find entries by searching for text
|
||
* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Weekly/daily agenda
|
||
@subsection The weekly/daily agenda
|
||
@cindex agenda
|
||
@cindex weekly agenda
|
||
@cindex daily agenda
|
||
|
||
The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of a
|
||
paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@cindex org-agenda, command
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a a,org-agenda-list}
|
||
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of Org files. The agenda
|
||
shows the entries for each day. With a numeric prefix@footnote{For backward
|
||
compatibility, the universal prefix @kbd{C-u} causes all TODO entries to be
|
||
listed before the agenda. This feature is deprecated, use the dedicated TODO
|
||
list, or a block agenda instead (@pxref{Block agenda}).} (like @kbd{C-u 2 1
|
||
C-c a a}) you may set the number of days to be displayed.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-span
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-ndays
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-start-day
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-start-on-weekday
|
||
The default number of days displayed in the agenda is set by the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-span} (or the obsolete @code{org-agenda-ndays}). This
|
||
variable can be set to any number of days you want to see by default in the
|
||
agenda, or to a span name, such as @code{day}, @code{week}, @code{month} or
|
||
@code{year}. For weekly agendas, the default is to start on the previous
|
||
monday (see @code{org-agenda-start-on-weekday}). You can also set the start
|
||
date using a date shift: @code{(setq org-agenda-start-day "+10d")} will
|
||
start the agenda ten days from today in the future.
|
||
|
||
Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can
|
||
change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
|
||
The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda
|
||
commands}.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Calendar/Diary integration
|
||
@cindex calendar integration
|
||
@cindex diary integration
|
||
|
||
Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
|
||
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
|
||
countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of
|
||
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
|
||
(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
|
||
Org. It can be very useful to combine output from Org with
|
||
the diary.
|
||
|
||
In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org mode's
|
||
agenda, you only need to customize the variable
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary
|
||
entries including holidays, anniversaries, etc., will be included in the
|
||
agenda buffer created by Org mode. @key{SPC}, @key{TAB}, and
|
||
@key{RET} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary
|
||
file in order to edit existing diary entries. The @kbd{i} command to
|
||
insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda buffer, as
|
||
well as the commands @kbd{S}, @kbd{M}, and @kbd{C} to display
|
||
Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert to other
|
||
calendars, respectively. @kbd{c} can be used to switch back and forth
|
||
between calendar and agenda.
|
||
|
||
If you are using the diary only for sexp entries and holidays, it is
|
||
faster to not use the above setting, but instead to copy or even move
|
||
the entries into an Org file. Org mode evaluates diary-style sexp
|
||
entries, and does it faster because there is no overhead for first
|
||
creating the diary display. Note that the sexp entries must start at
|
||
the left margin, no whitespace is allowed before them. For example,
|
||
the following segment of an Org file will be processed and entries
|
||
will be made in the agenda:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Holidays
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CATEGORY: Holiday
|
||
:END:
|
||
%%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names
|
||
|
||
* Birthdays
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CATEGORY: Ann
|
||
:END:
|
||
%%(org-anniversary 1956 5 14)@footnote{@code{org-anniversary} is just like @code{diary-anniversary}, but the argument order is always according to ISO and therefore independent of the value of @code{calendar-date-style}.} Arthur Dent is %d years old
|
||
%%(org-anniversary 1869 10 2) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Anniversaries from BBDB
|
||
@cindex BBDB, anniversaries
|
||
@cindex anniversaries, from BBDB
|
||
|
||
If you are using the Big Brothers Database to store your contacts, you will
|
||
very likely prefer to store anniversaries in BBDB rather than in a
|
||
separate Org or diary file. Org supports this and will show BBDB
|
||
anniversaries as part of the agenda. All you need to do is to add the
|
||
following to one of your agenda files:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Anniversaries
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CATEGORY: Anniv
|
||
:END:
|
||
%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
You can then go ahead and define anniversaries for a BBDB record. Basically,
|
||
you need to press @kbd{C-o anniversary @key{RET}} with the cursor in a BBDB
|
||
record and then add the date in the format @code{YYYY-MM-DD} or @code{MM-DD},
|
||
followed by a space and the class of the anniversary (@samp{birthday} or
|
||
@samp{wedding}, or a format string). If you omit the class, it will default to
|
||
@samp{birthday}. Here are a few examples, the header for the file
|
||
@file{org-bbdb.el} contains more detailed information.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
1973-06-22
|
||
06-22
|
||
1955-08-02 wedding
|
||
2008-04-14 %s released version 6.01 of org mode, %d years ago
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
After a change to BBDB, or for the first agenda display during an Emacs
|
||
session, the agenda display will suffer a short delay as Org updates its
|
||
hash with anniversaries. However, from then on things will be very fast---much
|
||
faster in fact than a long list of @samp{%%(diary-anniversary)} entries
|
||
in an Org or Diary file.
|
||
|
||
If you would like to see upcoming anniversaries with a bit of forewarning,
|
||
you can use the following instead:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Anniversaries
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CATEGORY: Anniv
|
||
:END:
|
||
%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries-future 3)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
That will give you three days' warning: on the anniversary date itself and the
|
||
two days prior. The argument is optional: if omitted, it defaults to 7.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Appointment reminders
|
||
@cindex @file{appt.el}
|
||
@cindex appointment reminders
|
||
@cindex appointment
|
||
@cindex reminders
|
||
|
||
Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility. To add the
|
||
appointments of your agenda files, use the command @code{org-agenda-to-appt}.
|
||
This command lets you filter through the list of your appointments and add
|
||
only those belonging to a specific category or matching a regular expression.
|
||
It also reads a @code{APPT_WARNTIME} property which will then override the
|
||
value of @code{appt-message-warning-time} for this appointment. See the
|
||
docstring for details.
|
||
|
||
@node Global TODO list
|
||
@subsection The global TODO list
|
||
@cindex global TODO list
|
||
@cindex TODO list, global
|
||
|
||
The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items formatted and
|
||
collected into a single place.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a t,org-todo-list}
|
||
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all agenda
|
||
files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer. By default, this lists
|
||
items with a state the is not a DONE state. The buffer is in
|
||
@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate the TODO
|
||
entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a T,org-todo-list}
|
||
@cindex TODO keyword matching
|
||
@vindex org-todo-keywords
|
||
Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. You can
|
||
also do this by specifying a prefix argument to @kbd{C-c a t}. You are
|
||
prompted for a keyword, and you may also specify several keywords by
|
||
separating them with @samp{|} as the boolean OR operator. With a numeric
|
||
prefix, the Nth keyword in @code{org-todo-keywords} is selected.
|
||
@kindex r
|
||
The @kbd{r} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give
|
||
a prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO keyword,
|
||
for example @kbd{3 r}. If you often need a search for a specific
|
||
keyword, define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).@*
|
||
Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags
|
||
search (@pxref{Tag searches}).
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
|
||
TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the
|
||
TODO list are described in @ref{Agenda commands}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex sublevels, inclusion into TODO list
|
||
Normally the global TODO list simply shows all headlines with TODO
|
||
keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep
|
||
it more compact:
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date
|
||
Some people view a TODO item that has been @emph{scheduled} for execution or
|
||
have a @emph{deadline} (@pxref{Timestamps}) as no longer @emph{open}.
|
||
Configure the variables @code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled},
|
||
@code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines},
|
||
@code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp} and/or
|
||
@code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date} to exclude such items from the global
|
||
TODO list.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels
|
||
TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks. In
|
||
such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO headline
|
||
and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels} to get this behavior.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node Matching tags and properties
|
||
@subsection Matching tags and properties
|
||
@cindex matching, of tags
|
||
@cindex matching, of properties
|
||
@cindex tags view
|
||
@cindex match view
|
||
|
||
If headlines in the agenda files are marked with @emph{tags} (@pxref{Tags}),
|
||
or have properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}), you can select headlines
|
||
based on this metadata and collect them into an agenda buffer. The match
|
||
syntax described here also applies when creating sparse trees with @kbd{C-c /
|
||
m}.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a m,org-tags-view}
|
||
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The
|
||
command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic
|
||
expression with tags, like @samp{+work+urgent-withboss} or
|
||
@samp{work|home} (@pxref{Tags}). If you often need a specific search,
|
||
define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a M,org-tags-view}
|
||
@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options
|
||
Like @kbd{C-c a m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO items in a
|
||
not-DONE state and force checking subitems (see variable
|
||
@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). To exclude scheduled/deadline items,
|
||
see the variable @code{org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options}. Matching
|
||
specific TODO keywords together with a tags match is also possible, see
|
||
@ref{Tag searches}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The commands available in the tags list are described in @ref{Agenda
|
||
commands}.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Match syntax
|
||
|
||
@cindex Boolean logic, for tag/property searches
|
||
A search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for @code{AND} and
|
||
@samp{|} for @code{OR}@. @samp{&} binds more strongly than @samp{|}.
|
||
Parentheses are not implemented. Each element in the search is either a
|
||
tag, a regular expression matching tags, or an expression like
|
||
@code{PROPERTY OPERATOR VALUE} with a comparison operator, accessing a
|
||
property value. Each element may be preceded by @samp{-}, to select
|
||
against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic sugar for positive selection. The
|
||
@code{AND} operator @samp{&} is optional when @samp{+} or @samp{-} is
|
||
present. Here are some examples, using only tags.
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item work
|
||
Select headlines tagged @samp{:work:}.
|
||
@item work&boss
|
||
Select headlines tagged @samp{:work:} and @samp{:boss:}.
|
||
@item +work-boss
|
||
Select headlines tagged @samp{:work:}, but discard those also tagged
|
||
@samp{:boss:}.
|
||
@item work|laptop
|
||
Selects lines tagged @samp{:work:} or @samp{:laptop:}.
|
||
@item work|laptop+night
|
||
Like before, but require the @samp{:laptop:} lines to be tagged also
|
||
@samp{:night:}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@cindex regular expressions, with tags search
|
||
Instead of a tag, you may also specify a regular expression enclosed in curly
|
||
braces. For example,
|
||
@samp{work+@{^boss.*@}} matches headlines that contain the tag
|
||
@samp{:work:} and any tag @i{starting} with @samp{boss}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex group tags, as regular expressions
|
||
Group tags (@pxref{Tag hierarchy}) are expanded as regular expressions. E.g.,
|
||
if @samp{:work:} is a group tag for the group @samp{:work:lab:conf:}, then
|
||
searching for @samp{work} will search for @samp{@{\(?:work\|lab\|conf\)@}}
|
||
and searching for @samp{-work} will search for all headlines but those with
|
||
one of the tags in the group (i.e., @samp{-@{\(?:work\|lab\|conf\)@}}).
|
||
|
||
@cindex TODO keyword matching, with tags search
|
||
@cindex level, require for tags/property match
|
||
@cindex category, require for tags/property match
|
||
@vindex org-odd-levels-only
|
||
You may also test for properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}) at the same
|
||
time as matching tags. The properties may be real properties, or special
|
||
properties that represent other metadata (@pxref{Special properties}). For
|
||
example, the ``property'' @code{TODO} represents the TODO keyword of the
|
||
entry and the ``property'' @code{PRIORITY} represents the PRIORITY keyword of
|
||
the entry.
|
||
|
||
In addition to the properties mentioned above, @code{LEVEL} represents the
|
||
level of an entry. So a search @samp{+LEVEL=3+boss-TODO="DONE"} lists all
|
||
level three headlines that have the tag @samp{boss} and are @emph{not} marked
|
||
with the TODO keyword DONE@. In buffers with @code{org-odd-levels-only} set,
|
||
@samp{LEVEL} does not count the number of stars, but @samp{LEVEL=2} will
|
||
correspond to 3 stars etc.
|
||
|
||
Here are more examples:
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item work+TODO="WAITING"
|
||
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO
|
||
keyword @samp{WAITING}.
|
||
@item work+TODO="WAITING"|home+TODO="WAITING"
|
||
Waiting tasks both at work and at home.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
When matching properties, a number of different operators can be used to test
|
||
the value of a property. Here is a complex example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
+work-boss+PRIORITY="A"+Coffee="unlimited"+Effort<2 \
|
||
+With=@{Sarah\|Denny@}+SCHEDULED>="<2008-10-11>"
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The type of comparison will depend on how the comparison value is written:
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
If the comparison value is a plain number, a numerical comparison is done,
|
||
and the allowed operators are @samp{<}, @samp{=}, @samp{>}, @samp{<=},
|
||
@samp{>=}, and @samp{<>}.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes,
|
||
a string comparison is done, and the same operators are allowed.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes @emph{and} angular
|
||
brackets (like @samp{DEADLINE<="<2008-12-24 18:30>"}), both values are
|
||
assumed to be date/time specifications in the standard Org way, and the
|
||
comparison will be done accordingly. Special values that will be recognized
|
||
are @code{"<now>"} for now (including time), and @code{"<today>"}, and
|
||
@code{"<tomorrow>"} for these days at 00:00 hours, i.e., without a time
|
||
specification. Also strings like @code{"<+5d>"} or @code{"<-2m>"} with units
|
||
@code{d}, @code{w}, @code{m}, and @code{y} for day, week, month, and year,
|
||
respectively, can be used.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the comparison value is enclosed
|
||
in curly braces, a regexp match is performed, with @samp{=} meaning that the
|
||
regexp matches the property value, and @samp{<>} meaning that it does not
|
||
match.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
So the search string in the example finds entries tagged @samp{:work:} but
|
||
not @samp{:boss:}, which also have a priority value @samp{A}, a
|
||
@samp{:Coffee:} property with the value @samp{unlimited}, an @samp{Effort}
|
||
property that is numerically smaller than 2, a @samp{:With:} property that is
|
||
matched by the regular expression @samp{Sarah\|Denny}, and that are scheduled
|
||
on or after October 11, 2008.
|
||
|
||
You can configure Org mode to use property inheritance during a search, but
|
||
beware that this can slow down searches considerably. See @ref{Property
|
||
inheritance}, for details.
|
||
|
||
For backward compatibility, and also for typing speed, there is also a
|
||
different way to test TODO states in a search. For this, terminate the
|
||
tags/property part of the search string (which may include several terms
|
||
connected with @samp{|}) with a @samp{/} and then specify a Boolean
|
||
expression just for TODO keywords. The syntax is then similar to that for
|
||
tags, but should be applied with care: for example, a positive selection on
|
||
several TODO keywords cannot meaningfully be combined with boolean AND@.
|
||
However, @emph{negative selection} combined with AND can be meaningful. To
|
||
make sure that only lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword
|
||
(resulting in a speed-up), use @kbd{C-c a M}, or equivalently start the TODO
|
||
part after the slash with @samp{!}. Using @kbd{C-c a M} or @samp{/!} will
|
||
not match TODO keywords in a DONE state. Examples:
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item work/WAITING
|
||
Same as @samp{work+TODO="WAITING"}
|
||
@item work/!-WAITING-NEXT
|
||
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines that are neither @samp{WAITING}
|
||
nor @samp{NEXT}
|
||
@item work/!+WAITING|+NEXT
|
||
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines that are either @samp{WAITING} or
|
||
@samp{NEXT}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Search view
|
||
@subsection Search view
|
||
@cindex search view
|
||
@cindex text search
|
||
@cindex searching, for text
|
||
|
||
This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode entries.
|
||
It is particularly useful to find notes.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a s,org-search-view}
|
||
This is a special search that lets you select entries by matching a substring
|
||
or specific words using a boolean logic.
|
||
@end table
|
||
For example, the search string @samp{computer equipment} will find entries
|
||
that contain @samp{computer equipment} as a substring. If the two words are
|
||
separated by more space or a line break, the search will still match.
|
||
Search view can also search for specific keywords in the entry, using Boolean
|
||
logic. The search string @samp{+computer +wifi -ethernet -@{8\.11[bg]@}}
|
||
will search for note entries that contain the keywords @code{computer}
|
||
and @code{wifi}, but not the keyword @code{ethernet}, and which are also
|
||
not matched by the regular expression @code{8\.11[bg]}, meaning to
|
||
exclude both 8.11b and 8.11g. The first @samp{+} is necessary to turn on
|
||
word search, other @samp{+} characters are optional. For more details, see
|
||
the docstring of the command @code{org-search-view}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-text-search-extra-files
|
||
Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command will also search
|
||
the files listed in @code{org-agenda-text-search-extra-files}.
|
||
|
||
@node Stuck projects
|
||
@subsection Stuck projects
|
||
@pindex GTD, Getting Things Done
|
||
|
||
If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your
|
||
work, one of the ``duties'' you have is a regular review to make sure
|
||
that all projects move along. A @emph{stuck} project is a project that
|
||
has no defined next actions, so it will never show up in the TODO lists
|
||
Org mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such
|
||
projects and define next actions for them.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a #,org-agenda-list-stuck-projects}
|
||
List projects that are stuck.
|
||
@kindex C-c a !
|
||
@item C-c a !
|
||
@vindex org-stuck-projects
|
||
Customize the variable @code{org-stuck-projects} to define what a stuck
|
||
project is and how to find it.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You almost certainly will have to configure this view before it will
|
||
work for you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are
|
||
level-2 headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least
|
||
one entry marked with a TODO keyword TODO or NEXT or NEXTACTION.
|
||
|
||
Let's assume that you, in your own way of using Org mode, identify
|
||
projects with a tag PROJECT, and that you use a TODO keyword MAYBE to
|
||
indicate a project that should not be considered yet. Let's further
|
||
assume that the TODO keyword DONE marks finished projects, and that NEXT
|
||
and TODO indicate next actions. The tag @@SHOP indicates shopping and
|
||
is a next action even without the NEXT tag. Finally, if the project
|
||
contains the special word IGNORE anywhere, it should not be listed
|
||
either. In this case you would start by identifying eligible projects
|
||
with a tags/todo match@footnote{@xref{Tag searches}.}
|
||
@samp{+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE}, and then check for TODO, NEXT, @@SHOP, and
|
||
IGNORE in the subtree to identify projects that are not stuck. The
|
||
correct customization for this is
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-stuck-projects
|
||
'("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@@SHOP")
|
||
"\\<IGNORE\\>"))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Note that if a project is identified as non-stuck, the subtree of this entry
|
||
will still be searched for stuck projects.
|
||
|
||
@node Presentation and sorting
|
||
@section Presentation and sorting
|
||
@cindex presentation, of agenda items
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-prefix-format
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-tags-column
|
||
Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org mode visually prepares the
|
||
items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line starts
|
||
with a @emph{prefix} that contains the @emph{category} (@pxref{Categories})
|
||
of the item and other important information. You can customize in which
|
||
column tags will be displayed through @code{org-agenda-tags-column}. You can
|
||
also customize the prefix using the option @code{org-agenda-prefix-format}.
|
||
This prefix is followed by a cleaned-up version of the outline headline
|
||
associated with the item.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
|
||
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
|
||
* Sorting agenda items:: The order of things
|
||
* Filtering/limiting agenda items:: Dynamically narrow the agenda
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Categories
|
||
@subsection Categories
|
||
|
||
@cindex category
|
||
@cindex #+CATEGORY
|
||
The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By default, the
|
||
category is simply derived from the file name, but you can also specify it
|
||
with a special line in the buffer, like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@cindex property, CATEGORY
|
||
If you would like to have a special CATEGORY for a single entry or a
|
||
(sub)tree, give the entry a @code{:CATEGORY:} property with the
|
||
special category you want to apply as the value.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the category is not
|
||
longer than 10 characters.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
You can set up icons for category by customizing the
|
||
@code{org-agenda-category-icon-alist} variable.
|
||
|
||
@node Time-of-day specifications
|
||
@subsection Time-of-day specifications
|
||
@cindex time-of-day specification
|
||
|
||
Org mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
|
||
time can be part of the timestamp that triggered inclusion into the
|
||
agenda, for example as in @w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>}}. Time
|
||
ranges can be specified with two timestamps, like
|
||
@c
|
||
@w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>}}.
|
||
|
||
In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
|
||
plain text (like @samp{12:45} or a @samp{8:30-1pm}). If the agenda
|
||
integrates the Emacs diary (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}), time
|
||
specifications in diary entries are recognized as well.
|
||
|
||
For agenda display, Org mode extracts the time and displays it in a
|
||
standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
|
||
the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
|
||
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
|
||
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
|
||
20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex time grid
|
||
If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
|
||
timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
8:00...... ------------------
|
||
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
|
||
10:00...... ------------------
|
||
12:00...... ------------------
|
||
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
|
||
14:00...... ------------------
|
||
16:00...... ------------------
|
||
18:00...... ------------------
|
||
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
|
||
20:00...... ------------------
|
||
20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-use-time-grid
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-time-grid
|
||
The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid}, and can be configured with
|
||
@code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
|
||
|
||
@node Sorting agenda items
|
||
@subsection Sorting agenda items
|
||
@cindex sorting, of agenda items
|
||
@cindex priorities, of agenda items
|
||
Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is
|
||
done depends on the type of view.
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-files
|
||
For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted. The
|
||
default order is to first collect all items containing an explicit
|
||
time-of-day specification. These entries will be shown at the beginning
|
||
of the list, as a @emph{schedule} for the day. After that, items remain
|
||
grouped in categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}.
|
||
Within each category, items are sorted by priority (@pxref{Priorities}),
|
||
which is composed of the base priority (2000 for priority @samp{A}, 1000
|
||
for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}), plus additional increments for
|
||
overdue scheduled or deadline items.
|
||
@item
|
||
For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but within
|
||
each category, sorting takes place according to priority
|
||
(@pxref{Priorities}). The priority used for sorting derives from the
|
||
priority cookie, with additions depending on how close an item is to its due
|
||
or scheduled date.
|
||
@item
|
||
For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in the
|
||
sequence in which they are found in the agenda files.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-sorting-strategy
|
||
Sorting can be customized using the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}, and may also include criteria based on
|
||
the estimated effort of an entry (@pxref{Effort estimates}).
|
||
|
||
@node Filtering/limiting agenda items
|
||
@subsection Filtering/limiting agenda items
|
||
|
||
Agenda built-in or customized commands are statically defined. Agenda
|
||
filters and limits provide two ways of dynamically narrowing down the list of
|
||
agenda entries: @emph{filters} and @emph{limits}. Filters only act on the
|
||
display of the items, while limits take effect before the list of agenda
|
||
entries is built. Filters are more often used interactively, while limits are
|
||
mostly useful when defined as local variables within custom agenda commands.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Filtering in the agenda
|
||
@cindex filtering, by tag, category, top headline and effort, in agenda
|
||
@cindex tag filtering, in agenda
|
||
@cindex category filtering, in agenda
|
||
@cindex top headline filtering, in agenda
|
||
@cindex effort filtering, in agenda
|
||
@cindex query editing, in agenda
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{/,org-agenda-filter-by-tag}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-tag-filter-preset
|
||
Filter the agenda view with respect to a tag and/or effort estimates. The
|
||
difference between this and a custom agenda command is that filtering is very
|
||
fast, so that you can switch quickly between different filters without having
|
||
to recreate the agenda.@footnote{Custom commands can preset a filter by
|
||
binding the variable @code{org-agenda-tag-filter-preset} as an option. This
|
||
filter will then be applied to the view and persist as a basic filter through
|
||
refreshes and more secondary filtering. The filter is a global property of
|
||
the entire agenda view---in a block agenda, you should only set this in the
|
||
global options section, not in the section of an individual block.}
|
||
|
||
You will be prompted for a tag selection letter; @key{SPC} will mean any tag
|
||
at all. Pressing @key{TAB} at that prompt will offer use completion to
|
||
select a tag (including any tags that do not have a selection character).
|
||
The command then hides all entries that do not contain or inherit this tag.
|
||
When called with prefix arg, remove the entries that @emph{do} have the tag.
|
||
A second @kbd{/} at the prompt will turn off the filter and unhide any hidden
|
||
entries. Pressing @kbd{+} or @kbd{-} switches between filtering and
|
||
excluding the next tag.
|
||
|
||
Org also supports automatic, context-aware tag filtering. If the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-auto-exclude-function} is set to a user-defined function,
|
||
that function can decide which tags should be excluded from the agenda
|
||
automatically. Once this is set, the @kbd{/} command then accepts @kbd{RET}
|
||
as a sub-option key and runs the auto exclusion logic. For example, let's
|
||
say you use a @code{Net} tag to identify tasks which need network access, an
|
||
@code{Errand} tag for errands in town, and a @code{Call} tag for making phone
|
||
calls. You could auto-exclude these tags based on the availability of the
|
||
Internet, and outside of business hours, with something like this:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(defun org-my-auto-exclude-function (tag)
|
||
(and (cond
|
||
((string= tag "Net")
|
||
(/= 0 (call-process "/sbin/ping" nil nil nil
|
||
"-c1" "-q" "-t1" "mail.gnu.org")))
|
||
((or (string= tag "Errand") (string= tag "Call"))
|
||
(let ((hour (nth 2 (decode-time))))
|
||
(or (< hour 8) (> hour 21)))))
|
||
(concat "-" tag)))
|
||
|
||
(setq org-agenda-auto-exclude-function 'org-my-auto-exclude-function)
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex [
|
||
@kindex ]
|
||
@kindex @{
|
||
@kindex @}
|
||
@item [ ] @{ @}
|
||
@table @i
|
||
@item @r{in} search view
|
||
add new search words (@kbd{[} and @kbd{]}) or new regular expressions
|
||
(@kbd{@{} and @kbd{@}}) to the query string. The opening bracket/brace will
|
||
add a positive search term prefixed by @samp{+}, indicating that this search
|
||
term @i{must} occur/match in the entry. The closing bracket/brace will add a
|
||
negative search term which @i{must not} occur/match in the entry for it to be
|
||
selected.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{<,org-agenda-filter-by-category}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-category-filter-preset
|
||
|
||
Filter the current agenda view with respect to the category of the item at
|
||
point. Pressing @code{<} another time will remove this filter. When called
|
||
with a prefix argument exclude the category of the item at point from the
|
||
agenda.
|
||
|
||
You can add a filter preset in custom agenda commands through the option
|
||
@code{org-agenda-category-filter-preset}. @xref{Setting options}.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{^,org-agenda-filter-by-top-headline}
|
||
Filter the current agenda view and only display the siblings and the parent
|
||
headline of the one at point.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{=,org-agenda-filter-by-regexp}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset
|
||
|
||
Filter the agenda view by a regular expression: only show agenda entries
|
||
matching the regular expression the user entered. When called with a prefix
|
||
argument, it will filter @emph{out} entries matching the regexp. With two
|
||
universal prefix arguments, it will remove all the regexp filters, which can
|
||
be accumulated.
|
||
|
||
You can add a filter preset in custom agenda commands through the option
|
||
@code{org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset}. @xref{Setting options}.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{_,org-agenda-filter-by-effort}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-effort-filter-preset
|
||
@vindex org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high
|
||
Filter the agenda view with respect to effort estimates.
|
||
You first need to set up allowed efforts globally, for example
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-global-properties
|
||
'(("Effort_ALL". "0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
You can then filter for an effort by first typing an operator, one of
|
||
@kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, and @kbd{=}, and then the one-digit index of an effort
|
||
estimate in your array of allowed values, where @kbd{0} means the 10th value.
|
||
The filter will then restrict to entries with effort smaller-or-equal, equal,
|
||
or larger-or-equal than the selected value. For application of the operator,
|
||
entries without a defined effort will be treated according to the value of
|
||
@code{org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high}.
|
||
|
||
When called with a prefix argument, it will remove entries matching the
|
||
condition. With two universal prefix arguments, it will clear effort
|
||
filters, which can be accumulated.
|
||
|
||
You can add a filter preset in custom agenda commands through the option
|
||
@code{org-agenda-effort-filter-preset}. @xref{Setting options}.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{|,org-agenda-filter-remove-all}
|
||
Remove all filters in the current agenda view.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Setting limits for the agenda
|
||
@cindex limits, in agenda
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-max-entries
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-max-effort
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-max-todos
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-max-tags
|
||
|
||
Here is a list of options that you can set, either globally, or locally in
|
||
your custom agenda views (@pxref{Custom agenda views}).
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item org-agenda-max-entries
|
||
Limit the number of entries.
|
||
@item org-agenda-max-effort
|
||
Limit the duration of accumulated efforts (as minutes).
|
||
@item org-agenda-max-todos
|
||
Limit the number of entries with TODO keywords.
|
||
@item org-agenda-max-tags
|
||
Limit the number of tagged entries.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
When set to a positive integer, each option will exclude entries from other
|
||
categories: for example, @code{(setq org-agenda-max-effort 100)} will limit
|
||
the agenda to 100 minutes of effort and exclude any entry that has no effort
|
||
property. If you want to include entries with no effort property, use a
|
||
negative value for @code{org-agenda-max-effort}.
|
||
|
||
One useful setup is to use @code{org-agenda-max-entries} locally in a custom
|
||
command. For example, this custom command will display the next five entries
|
||
with a @code{NEXT} TODO keyword.
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("n" todo "NEXT"
|
||
((org-agenda-max-entries 5)))))
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
Once you mark one of these five entry as @code{DONE}, rebuilding the agenda
|
||
will again the next five entries again, including the first entry that was
|
||
excluded so far.
|
||
|
||
You can also dynamically set temporary limits, which will be lost when
|
||
rebuilding the agenda:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{~,org-agenda-limit-interactively}
|
||
This prompts for the type of limit to apply and its value.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Agenda commands
|
||
@section Commands in the agenda buffer
|
||
@cindex commands, in agenda buffer
|
||
|
||
Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the Org file or diary
|
||
file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda
|
||
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
|
||
original entry location, and to edit the Org files ``remotely'' from
|
||
the agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once,
|
||
removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge.
|
||
|
||
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
|
||
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@tsubheading{Motion}
|
||
@cindex motion commands in agenda
|
||
@orgcmd{n,org-agenda-next-line}
|
||
Next line (same as @key{down} and @kbd{C-n}).
|
||
@orgcmd{p,org-agenda-previous-line}
|
||
Previous line (same as @key{up} and @kbd{C-p}).
|
||
@orgcmd{N,org-agenda-next-item}
|
||
Next item: same as next line, but only consider items.
|
||
@orgcmd{P,org-agenda-previous-item}
|
||
Previous item: same as previous line, but only consider items.
|
||
@tsubheading{View/Go to Org file}
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{@key{SPC},mouse-3,org-agenda-show-and-scroll-up}
|
||
Display the original location of the item in another window. With prefix
|
||
arg, make sure that drawers stay folded.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{L,org-agenda-recenter}
|
||
Display original location and recenter that window.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{@key{TAB},mouse-2,org-agenda-goto}
|
||
Go to the original location of the item in another window.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{@key{RET},org-agenda-switch-to}
|
||
Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{F,org-agenda-follow-mode}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode
|
||
Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
|
||
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
|
||
location in the Org file. The initial setting for this mode in new
|
||
agenda buffers can be set with the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x b,org-agenda-tree-to-indirect-buffer}
|
||
Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect buffer. With a
|
||
numeric prefix argument N, go up to level N and then take that tree. If N is
|
||
negative, go up that many levels. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove the
|
||
previously used indirect buffer.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-o,org-agenda-open-link}
|
||
Follow a link in the entry. This will offer a selection of any links in the
|
||
text belonging to the referenced Org node. If there is only one link, it
|
||
will be followed without a selection prompt.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Change display}
|
||
@cindex display changing, in agenda
|
||
@kindex A
|
||
@item A
|
||
Interactively select another agenda view and append it to the current view.
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex o
|
||
@item o
|
||
Delete other windows.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{v d,d,org-agenda-day-view}
|
||
@xorgcmdkskc{v w,w,org-agenda-week-view}
|
||
@xorgcmd{v t,org-agenda-fortnight-view}
|
||
@xorgcmd{v m,org-agenda-month-view}
|
||
@xorgcmd{v y,org-agenda-year-view}
|
||
@xorgcmd{v SPC,org-agenda-reset-view}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-span
|
||
Switch to day/week/month/year view. When switching to day or week view, this
|
||
setting becomes the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. Since month and
|
||
year views are slow to create, they do not become the default. A numeric
|
||
prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the year,
|
||
ISO week, month, or year, respectively. For example, @kbd{32 d} jumps to
|
||
February 1st, @kbd{9 w} to ISO week number 9. When setting day, week, or
|
||
month view, a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as well. For
|
||
example, @kbd{200712 w} will jump to week 12 in 2007. If such a year
|
||
specification has only one or two digits, it will be mapped to the interval
|
||
1938--2037. @kbd{v @key{SPC}} will reset to what is set in
|
||
@code{org-agenda-span}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{f,org-agenda-later}
|
||
Go forward in time to display the following @code{org-agenda-current-span} days.
|
||
For example, if the display covers a week, switch to the following week.
|
||
With prefix arg, go forward that many times @code{org-agenda-current-span} days.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{b,org-agenda-earlier}
|
||
Go backward in time to display earlier dates.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{.,org-agenda-goto-today}
|
||
Go to today.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{j,org-agenda-goto-date}
|
||
Prompt for a date and go there.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{J,org-agenda-clock-goto}
|
||
Go to the currently clocked-in task @i{in the agenda buffer}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{D,org-agenda-toggle-diary}
|
||
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{v l,l,org-agenda-log-mode}
|
||
@kindex v L
|
||
@vindex org-log-done
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-log-mode-items
|
||
Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that were marked DONE while
|
||
logging was on (variable @code{org-log-done}) are shown in the agenda, as are
|
||
entries that have been clocked on that day. You can configure the entry
|
||
types that should be included in log mode using the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-log-mode-items}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, show
|
||
all possible logbook entries, including state changes. When called with two
|
||
prefix arguments @kbd{C-u C-u}, show only logging information, nothing else.
|
||
@kbd{v L} is equivalent to @kbd{C-u v l}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{v [,[,org-agenda-manipulate-query-add}
|
||
Include inactive timestamps into the current view. Only for weekly/daily
|
||
agenda.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{v a,org-agenda-archives-mode}
|
||
@xorgcmd{v A,org-agenda-archives-mode 'files}
|
||
@cindex Archives mode
|
||
Toggle Archives mode. In Archives mode, trees that are marked
|
||
@code{ARCHIVED} are also scanned when producing the agenda. When you use the
|
||
capital @kbd{A}, even all archive files are included. To exit archives mode,
|
||
press @kbd{v a} again.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{v R,R,org-agenda-clockreport-mode}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode
|
||
@vindex org-clock-report-include-clocking-task
|
||
Toggle Clockreport mode. In Clockreport mode, the daily/weekly agenda will
|
||
always show a table with the clocked times for the time span and file scope
|
||
covered by the current agenda view. The initial setting for this mode in new
|
||
agenda buffers can be set with the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode}. By using a prefix argument
|
||
when toggling this mode (i.e., @kbd{C-u R}), the clock table will not show
|
||
contributions from entries that are hidden by agenda filtering@footnote{Only
|
||
tags filtering will be respected here, effort filtering is ignored.}. See
|
||
also the variable @code{org-clock-report-include-clocking-task}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgkey{v c}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks
|
||
Show overlapping clock entries, clocking gaps, and other clocking problems in
|
||
the current agenda range. You can then visit clocking lines and fix them
|
||
manually. See the variable @code{org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks} for
|
||
information on how to customize the definition of what constituted a clocking
|
||
problem. To return to normal agenda display, press @kbd{l} to exit Logbook
|
||
mode.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{v E,E,org-agenda-entry-text-mode}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-start-with-entry-text-mode
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines
|
||
Toggle entry text mode. In entry text mode, a number of lines from the Org
|
||
outline node referenced by an agenda line will be displayed below the line.
|
||
The maximum number of lines is given by the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines}. Calling this command with a numeric
|
||
prefix argument will temporarily modify that number to the prefix value.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{G,org-agenda-toggle-time-grid}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-use-time-grid
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-time-grid
|
||
Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables
|
||
@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid} and @code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{r,org-agenda-redo}
|
||
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes after
|
||
modification of the timestamps of items with @kbd{S-@key{left}} and
|
||
@kbd{S-@key{right}}. When the buffer is the global TODO list, a prefix
|
||
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO
|
||
keyword.
|
||
@orgcmd{g,org-agenda-redo}
|
||
Same as @kbd{r}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{C-x C-s,s,org-save-all-org-buffers}
|
||
Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session, and also the locations of
|
||
IDs.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-c,org-agenda-columns}
|
||
@vindex org-columns-default-format
|
||
Invoke column view (@pxref{Column view}) in the agenda buffer. The column
|
||
view format is taken from the entry at point, or (if there is no entry at
|
||
point), from the first entry in the agenda view. So whatever the format for
|
||
that entry would be in the original buffer (taken from a property, from a
|
||
@code{#+COLUMNS} line, or from the default variable
|
||
@code{org-columns-default-format}), will be used in the agenda.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x >,org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock}
|
||
Remove the restriction lock on the agenda, if it is currently restricted to a
|
||
file or subtree (@pxref{Agenda files}).
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Secondary filtering and query editing}
|
||
|
||
For a detailed description of these commands, @pxref{Filtering/limiting
|
||
agenda items}.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{/,org-agenda-filter-by-tag}
|
||
Filter the agenda view with respect to a tag and/or effort estimates.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{<,org-agenda-filter-by-category}
|
||
Filter the current agenda view with respect to the category of the item at
|
||
point.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{^,org-agenda-filter-by-top-headline}
|
||
Filter the current agenda view and only display the siblings and the parent
|
||
headline of the one at point.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{=,org-agenda-filter-by-regexp}
|
||
Filter the agenda view by a regular expression.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{_,org-agenda-filter-by-effort}
|
||
Filter the agenda view with respect to effort estimates.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{|,org-agenda-filter-remove-all}
|
||
Remove all filters in the current agenda view.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Remote editing}
|
||
@cindex remote editing, from agenda
|
||
|
||
@item 0--9
|
||
Digit argument.
|
||
@c
|
||
@cindex undoing remote-editing events
|
||
@cindex remote editing, undo
|
||
@orgcmd{C-_,org-agenda-undo}
|
||
Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is undone
|
||
both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{t,org-agenda-todo}
|
||
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
|
||
original org file.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-S-@key{right},org-agenda-todo-nextset}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-S-@key{left},org-agenda-todo-previousset}
|
||
Switch to the next/previous set of TODO keywords.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-k,org-agenda-kill}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-confirm-kill
|
||
Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree belonging
|
||
to it in the original Org file. If the text to be deleted remotely
|
||
is longer than one line, the kill needs to be confirmed by the user. See
|
||
variable @code{org-agenda-confirm-kill}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-w,org-agenda-refile}
|
||
Refile the entry at point.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{C-c C-x C-a,a,org-agenda-archive-default-with-confirmation}
|
||
@vindex org-archive-default-command
|
||
Archive the subtree corresponding to the entry at point using the default
|
||
archiving command set in @code{org-archive-default-command}. When using the
|
||
@code{a} key, confirmation will be required.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x a,org-agenda-toggle-archive-tag}
|
||
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x A,org-agenda-archive-to-archive-sibling}
|
||
Move the subtree corresponding to the current entry to its @emph{archive
|
||
sibling}.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkskc{C-c C-x C-s,$,org-agenda-archive}
|
||
Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline. This means the
|
||
entry will be moved to the configured archive location, most likely a
|
||
different file.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{T,org-agenda-show-tags}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-show-inherited-tags
|
||
Show all tags associated with the current item. This is useful if you have
|
||
turned off @code{org-agenda-show-inherited-tags}, but still want to see all
|
||
tags of a headline occasionally.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{:,org-agenda-set-tags}
|
||
Set tags for the current headline. If there is an active region in the
|
||
agenda, change a tag for all headings in the region.
|
||
@c
|
||
@kindex ,
|
||
@item ,
|
||
Set the priority for the current item (@command{org-agenda-priority}).
|
||
Org mode prompts for the priority character. If you reply with @key{SPC},
|
||
the priority cookie is removed from the entry.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{P,org-agenda-show-priority}
|
||
Display weighted priority of current item.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{+,S-@key{up},org-agenda-priority-up}
|
||
Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is changed in
|
||
the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted. Use the @kbd{r}
|
||
key for this.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{-,S-@key{down},org-agenda-priority-down}
|
||
Decrease the priority of the current item.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmdkkc{z,C-c C-z,org-agenda-add-note}
|
||
@vindex org-log-into-drawer
|
||
Add a note to the entry. This note will be recorded, and then filed to the
|
||
same location where state change notes are put. Depending on
|
||
@code{org-log-into-drawer}, this may be inside a drawer.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-a,org-attach}
|
||
Dispatcher for all command related to attachments.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-s,org-agenda-schedule}
|
||
Schedule this item. With prefix arg remove the scheduling timestamp
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-d,org-agenda-deadline}
|
||
Set a deadline for this item. With prefix arg remove the deadline.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{S-@key{right},org-agenda-do-date-later}
|
||
Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day into the
|
||
future. If the date is in the past, the first call to this command will move
|
||
it to today.@*
|
||
With a numeric prefix argument, change it by that many days. For example,
|
||
@kbd{3 6 5 S-@key{right}} will change it by a year. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix,
|
||
change the time by one hour. If you immediately repeat the command, it will
|
||
continue to change hours even without the prefix arg. With a double @kbd{C-u
|
||
C-u} prefix, do the same for changing minutes.@*
|
||
The stamp is changed in the original Org file, but the change is not directly
|
||
reflected in the agenda buffer. Use @kbd{r} or @kbd{g} to update the buffer.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{S-@key{left},org-agenda-do-date-earlier}
|
||
Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day
|
||
into the past.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{>,org-agenda-date-prompt}
|
||
Change the timestamp associated with the current line. The key @kbd{>} has
|
||
been chosen, because it is the same as @kbd{S-.} on my keyboard.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{I,org-agenda-clock-in}
|
||
Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running already, it
|
||
is stopped first.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{O,org-agenda-clock-out}
|
||
Stop the previously started clock.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{X,org-agenda-clock-cancel}
|
||
Cancel the currently running clock.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{J,org-agenda-clock-goto}
|
||
Jump to the running clock in another window.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{k,org-agenda-capture}
|
||
Like @code{org-capture}, but use the date at point as the default date for
|
||
the capture template. See @code{org-capture-use-agenda-date} to make this
|
||
the default behavior of @code{org-capture}.
|
||
@cindex capturing, from agenda
|
||
@vindex org-capture-use-agenda-date
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Dragging agenda lines forward/backward}
|
||
@cindex dragging, agenda lines
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{M-<up>,org-agenda-drag-line-backward}
|
||
Drag the line at point backward one line@footnote{Moving agenda lines does
|
||
not persist after an agenda refresh and does not modify the contributing
|
||
@file{.org} files}. With a numeric prefix argument, drag backward by that
|
||
many lines.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{M-<down>,org-agenda-drag-line-forward}
|
||
Drag the line at point forward one line. With a numeric prefix argument,
|
||
drag forward by that many lines.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Bulk remote editing selected entries}
|
||
@cindex remote editing, bulk, from agenda
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{m,org-agenda-bulk-mark}
|
||
Mark the entry at point for bulk action. With numeric prefix argument, mark
|
||
that many successive entries.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{*,org-agenda-bulk-mark-all}
|
||
Mark all visible agenda entries for bulk action.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{u,org-agenda-bulk-unmark}
|
||
Unmark entry at point for bulk action.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{U,org-agenda-bulk-remove-all-marks}
|
||
Unmark all marked entries for bulk action.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-m,org-agenda-bulk-toggle}
|
||
Toggle mark of the entry at point for bulk action.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M-*,org-agenda-bulk-toggle-all}
|
||
Toggle marks of all visible entries for bulk action.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{%,org-agenda-bulk-mark-regexp}
|
||
Mark entries matching a regular expression for bulk action.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{B,org-agenda-bulk-action}
|
||
Bulk action: act on all marked entries in the agenda. This will prompt for
|
||
another key to select the action to be applied. The prefix arg to @kbd{B}
|
||
will be passed through to the @kbd{s} and @kbd{d} commands, to bulk-remove
|
||
these special timestamps. By default, marks are removed after the bulk. If
|
||
you want them to persist, set @code{org-agenda-persistent-marks} to @code{t}
|
||
or hit @kbd{p} at the prompt.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item *
|
||
Toggle persistent marks.
|
||
@item $
|
||
Archive all selected entries.
|
||
@item A
|
||
Archive entries by moving them to their respective archive siblings.
|
||
@item t
|
||
Change TODO state. This prompts for a single TODO keyword and changes the
|
||
state of all selected entries, bypassing blocking and suppressing logging
|
||
notes (but not timestamps).
|
||
@item +
|
||
Add a tag to all selected entries.
|
||
@item -
|
||
Remove a tag from all selected entries.
|
||
@item s
|
||
Schedule all items to a new date. To shift existing schedule dates by a
|
||
fixed number of days, use something starting with double plus at the prompt,
|
||
for example @samp{++8d} or @samp{++2w}.
|
||
@item d
|
||
Set deadline to a specific date.
|
||
@item r
|
||
Prompt for a single refile target and move all entries. The entries will no
|
||
longer be in the agenda; refresh (@kbd{g}) to bring them back.
|
||
@item S
|
||
Reschedule randomly into the coming N days. N will be prompted for. With
|
||
prefix arg (@kbd{C-u B S}), scatter only across weekdays.
|
||
@item f
|
||
Apply a function@footnote{You can also create persistent custom functions
|
||
through @code{org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions}.} to marked entries. For
|
||
example, the function below sets the CATEGORY property of the entries to web.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(defun set-category ()
|
||
(interactive "P")
|
||
(let* ((marker (or (org-get-at-bol 'org-hd-marker)
|
||
(org-agenda-error)))
|
||
(buffer (marker-buffer marker)))
|
||
(with-current-buffer buffer
|
||
(save-excursion
|
||
(save-restriction
|
||
(widen)
|
||
(goto-char marker)
|
||
(org-back-to-heading t)
|
||
(org-set-property "CATEGORY" "web"))))))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Calendar commands}
|
||
@cindex calendar commands, from agenda
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{c,org-agenda-goto-calendar}
|
||
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{c,org-calendar-goto-agenda}
|
||
When in the calendar, compute and show the Org mode agenda for the
|
||
date at the cursor.
|
||
@c
|
||
@cindex diary entries, creating from agenda
|
||
@orgcmd{i,org-agenda-diary-entry}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-diary-file
|
||
Insert a new entry into the diary, using the date at the cursor and (for
|
||
block entries) the date at the mark. This will add to the Emacs diary
|
||
file@footnote{This file is parsed for the agenda when
|
||
@code{org-agenda-include-diary} is set.}, in a way similar to the @kbd{i}
|
||
command in the calendar. The diary file will pop up in another window, where
|
||
you can add the entry.
|
||
|
||
If you configure @code{org-agenda-diary-file} to point to an Org mode file,
|
||
Org will create entries (in Org mode syntax) in that file instead. Most
|
||
entries will be stored in a date-based outline tree that will later make it
|
||
easy to archive appointments from previous months/years. The tree will be
|
||
built under an entry with a @code{DATE_TREE} property, or else with years as
|
||
top-level entries. Emacs will prompt you for the entry text---if you specify
|
||
it, the entry will be created in @code{org-agenda-diary-file} without further
|
||
interaction. If you directly press @key{RET} at the prompt without typing
|
||
text, the target file will be shown in another window for you to finish the
|
||
entry there. See also the @kbd{k r} command.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{M,org-agenda-phases-of-moon}
|
||
Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current date.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{S,org-agenda-sunrise-sunset}
|
||
Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be set
|
||
with calendar variables, see the documentation for the Emacs calendar.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C,org-agenda-convert-date}
|
||
Convert the date at cursor into many other cultural and historic
|
||
calendars.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{H,org-agenda-holidays}
|
||
Show holidays for three months around the cursor date.
|
||
|
||
@item M-x org-icalendar-combine-agenda-files RET
|
||
Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda files.
|
||
This is a globally available command, and also available in the agenda menu.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Exporting to a file}
|
||
@orgcmd{C-x C-w,org-agenda-write}
|
||
@cindex exporting agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda views, exporting
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-exporter-settings
|
||
Write the agenda view to a file. Depending on the extension of the selected
|
||
file name, the view will be exported as HTML (@file{.html} or @file{.htm}),
|
||
Postscript (@file{.ps}), PDF (@file{.pdf}), Org (@file{.org}) and plain text
|
||
(any other extension). When exporting to Org, only the body of original
|
||
headlines are exported, not subtrees or inherited tags. When called with a
|
||
@kbd{C-u} prefix argument, immediately open the newly created file. Use the
|
||
variable @code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} to set options for
|
||
@file{ps-print} and for @file{htmlize} to be used during export.
|
||
|
||
@tsubheading{Quit and Exit}
|
||
@orgcmd{q,org-agenda-quit}
|
||
Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
|
||
@c
|
||
@cindex agenda files, removing buffers
|
||
@orgcmd{x,org-agenda-exit}
|
||
Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by Emacs
|
||
for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the user to
|
||
visit Org files will not be removed.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Custom agenda views
|
||
@section Custom agenda views
|
||
@cindex custom agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda views, custom
|
||
|
||
Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access
|
||
frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special composite
|
||
agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands will be accessible through the
|
||
dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}), just like the default commands.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
|
||
* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
|
||
* Setting options:: Changing the rules
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Storing searches
|
||
@subsection Storing searches
|
||
|
||
The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard
|
||
shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda
|
||
buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the current
|
||
buffer).
|
||
@kindex C-c a C
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
@cindex agenda views, main example
|
||
@cindex agenda, as an agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda*, as an agenda views
|
||
@cindex tags, as an agenda view
|
||
@cindex todo, as an agenda view
|
||
@cindex tags-todo
|
||
@cindex todo-tree
|
||
@cindex occur-tree
|
||
@cindex tags-tree
|
||
|
||
Custom commands are configured in the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable, for
|
||
example by pressing @kbd{C-c a C}. You can also directly set it with Emacs
|
||
Lisp in the Emacs init file. The following example contains all valid agenda
|
||
views:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("x" agenda)
|
||
("y" agenda*)
|
||
("w" todo "WAITING")
|
||
("W" todo-tree "WAITING")
|
||
("u" tags "+boss-urgent")
|
||
("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent")
|
||
("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent")
|
||
("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")
|
||
("h" . "HOME+Name tags searches") ; description for "h" prefix
|
||
("hl" tags "+home+Lisa")
|
||
("hp" tags "+home+Peter")
|
||
("hk" tags "+home+Kim")))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press
|
||
after the dispatcher command @kbd{C-c a} in order to access the command.
|
||
Usually this will be just a single character, but if you have many
|
||
similar commands, you can also define two-letter combinations where the
|
||
first character is the same in several combinations and serves as a
|
||
prefix key@footnote{You can provide a description for a prefix key by
|
||
inserting a cons cell with the prefix and the description.}. The second
|
||
parameter is the search type, followed by the string or regular
|
||
expression to be used for the matching. The example above will
|
||
therefore define:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item C-c a x
|
||
as a global search for agenda entries planned@footnote{@emph{Planned} means
|
||
here that these entries have some planning information attached to them, like
|
||
a time-stamp, a scheduled or a deadline string. See
|
||
@code{org-agenda-entry-types} on how to set what planning information will be
|
||
taken into account.} this week/day.
|
||
@item C-c a y
|
||
as a global search for agenda entries planned this week/day, but only those
|
||
with an hour specification like @code{[h]h:mm}---think of them as appointments.
|
||
@item C-c a w
|
||
as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO
|
||
keyword
|
||
@item C-c a W
|
||
as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying the
|
||
results as a sparse tree
|
||
@item C-c a u
|
||
as a global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:boss:} but not
|
||
@samp{:urgent:}
|
||
@item C-c a v
|
||
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but limiting the search to
|
||
headlines that are also TODO items
|
||
@item C-c a U
|
||
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but only in the current buffer and
|
||
displaying the result as a sparse tree
|
||
@item C-c a f
|
||
to create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all entries
|
||
containing the word @samp{FIXME}
|
||
@item C-c a h
|
||
as a prefix command for a HOME tags search where you have to press an
|
||
additional key (@kbd{l}, @kbd{p} or @kbd{k}) to select a name (Lisa,
|
||
Peter, or Kim) as additional tag to match.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Note that the @code{*-tree} agenda views need to be called from an
|
||
Org buffer as they operate on the current buffer only.
|
||
|
||
@node Block agenda
|
||
@subsection Block agenda
|
||
@cindex block agenda
|
||
@cindex agenda, with block views
|
||
|
||
Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise
|
||
the results of @emph{several} commands, each of which creates a block in
|
||
the agenda buffer. The available commands include @code{agenda} for the
|
||
daily or weekly agenda (as created with @kbd{C-c a a}), @code{alltodo}
|
||
for the global TODO list (as constructed with @kbd{C-c a t}), and the
|
||
matching commands discussed above: @code{todo}, @code{tags}, and
|
||
@code{tags-todo}. Here are two examples:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
|
||
((agenda "")
|
||
(tags-todo "home")
|
||
(tags "garden")))
|
||
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
|
||
((agenda "")
|
||
(tags-todo "work")
|
||
(tags "office")))))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
This will define @kbd{C-c a h} to create a multi-block view for stuff
|
||
you need to attend to at home. The resulting agenda buffer will contain
|
||
your agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag
|
||
@samp{home}, and also all lines tagged with @samp{garden}. Finally the
|
||
command @kbd{C-c a o} provides a similar view for office tasks.
|
||
|
||
@node Setting options
|
||
@subsection Setting options for custom commands
|
||
@cindex options, for custom agenda views
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
Org mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction
|
||
and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda
|
||
commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to change
|
||
some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. Setting
|
||
options requires inserting a list of variable names and values at the
|
||
right spot in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("w" todo "WAITING"
|
||
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))
|
||
(org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: ")))
|
||
("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent"
|
||
((org-show-context-detail 'minimal)))
|
||
("N" search ""
|
||
((org-agenda-files '("~org/notes.org"))
|
||
(org-agenda-text-search-extra-files nil)))))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Now the @kbd{C-c a w} command will sort the collected entries only by
|
||
priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say @samp{ Mixed: }
|
||
instead of giving the category of the entry. The sparse tags tree of
|
||
@kbd{C-c a U} will now turn out ultra-compact, because neither the
|
||
headline hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match
|
||
will be shown. The command @kbd{C-c a N} will do a text search limited
|
||
to only a single file.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
For command sets creating a block agenda,
|
||
@code{org-agenda-custom-commands} has two separate spots for setting
|
||
options. You can add options that should be valid for just a single
|
||
command in the set, and options that should be valid for all commands in
|
||
the set. The former are just added to the command entry; the latter
|
||
must come after the list of command entries. Going back to the block
|
||
agenda example (@pxref{Block agenda}), let's change the sorting strategy
|
||
for the @kbd{C-c a h} commands to @code{priority-down}, but let's sort
|
||
the results for GARDEN tags query in the opposite order,
|
||
@code{priority-up}. This would look like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
|
||
((agenda)
|
||
(tags-todo "home")
|
||
(tags "garden"
|
||
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up)))))
|
||
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))))
|
||
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
|
||
((agenda)
|
||
(tags-todo "work")
|
||
(tags "office")))))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
As you see, the values and parentheses setting is a little complex.
|
||
When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable---it
|
||
fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: when setting options in
|
||
this interface, the @emph{values} are just Lisp expressions. So if the
|
||
value is a string, you need to add the double-quotes around the value
|
||
yourself.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts
|
||
To control whether an agenda command should be accessible from a specific
|
||
context, you can customize @code{org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts}. Let's
|
||
say for example that you have an agenda command @code{"o"} displaying a view
|
||
that you only need when reading emails. Then you would configure this option
|
||
like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts
|
||
'(("o" (in-mode . "message-mode"))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
You can also tell that the command key @code{"o"} should refer to another
|
||
command key @code{"r"}. In that case, add this command key like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts
|
||
'(("o" "r" (in-mode . "message-mode"))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
See the docstring of the variable for more information.
|
||
|
||
@node Exporting agenda views
|
||
@section Exporting agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda views, exporting
|
||
|
||
If you are away from your computer, it can be very useful to have a printed
|
||
version of some agenda views to carry around. Org mode can export custom
|
||
agenda views as plain text, HTML@footnote{You need to install Hrvoje Niksic's
|
||
@file{htmlize.el}.}, Postscript, PDF@footnote{To create PDF output, the
|
||
ghostscript @file{ps2pdf} utility must be installed on the system. Selecting
|
||
a PDF file will also create the postscript file.}, and iCalendar files. If
|
||
you want to do this only occasionally, use the command
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-x C-w,org-agenda-write}
|
||
@cindex exporting agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda views, exporting
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-exporter-settings
|
||
Write the agenda view to a file. Depending on the extension of the selected
|
||
file name, the view will be exported as HTML (extension @file{.html} or
|
||
@file{.htm}), Postscript (extension @file{.ps}), iCalendar (extension
|
||
@file{.ics}), or plain text (any other extension). Use the variable
|
||
@code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} to set options for @file{ps-print} and
|
||
for @file{htmlize} to be used during export, for example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-add-entry-text-maxlines
|
||
@vindex htmlize-output-type
|
||
@vindex ps-number-of-columns
|
||
@vindex ps-landscape-mode
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-exporter-settings
|
||
'((ps-number-of-columns 2)
|
||
(ps-landscape-mode t)
|
||
(org-agenda-add-entry-text-maxlines 5)
|
||
(htmlize-output-type 'css)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
If you need to export certain agenda views frequently, you can associate
|
||
any custom agenda command with a list of output file names
|
||
@footnote{If you want to store standard views like the weekly agenda
|
||
or the global TODO list as well, you need to define custom commands for
|
||
them in order to be able to specify file names.}. Here is an example
|
||
that first defines custom commands for the agenda and the global
|
||
TODO list, together with a number of files to which to export them.
|
||
Then we define two block agenda commands and specify file names for them
|
||
as well. File names can be relative to the current working directory,
|
||
or absolute.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps"))
|
||
("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps"))
|
||
("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
|
||
((agenda "")
|
||
(tags-todo "home")
|
||
(tags "garden"))
|
||
nil
|
||
("~/views/home.html"))
|
||
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
|
||
((agenda)
|
||
(tags-todo "work")
|
||
(tags "office"))
|
||
nil
|
||
("~/views/office.ps" "~/calendars/office.ics"))))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The extension of the file name determines the type of export. If it is
|
||
@file{.html}, Org mode will use the @file{htmlize.el} package to convert
|
||
the buffer to HTML and save it to this file name. If the extension is
|
||
@file{.ps}, @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} is used to produce
|
||
Postscript output. If the extension is @file{.ics}, iCalendar export is
|
||
run export over all files that were used to construct the agenda, and
|
||
limit the export to entries listed in the agenda. Any other
|
||
extension produces a plain ASCII file.
|
||
|
||
The export files are @emph{not} created when you use one of those
|
||
commands interactively because this might use too much overhead.
|
||
Instead, there is a special command to produce @emph{all} specified
|
||
files in one step:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c a e,org-store-agenda-views}
|
||
Export all agenda views that have export file names associated with
|
||
them.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
You can use the options section of the custom agenda commands to also
|
||
set options for the export commands. For example:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
'(("X" agenda ""
|
||
((ps-number-of-columns 2)
|
||
(ps-landscape-mode t)
|
||
(org-agenda-prefix-format " [ ] ")
|
||
(org-agenda-with-colors nil)
|
||
(org-agenda-remove-tags t))
|
||
("theagenda.ps"))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
This command sets two options for the Postscript exporter, to make it
|
||
print in two columns in landscape format---the resulting page can be cut
|
||
in two and then used in a paper agenda. The remaining settings modify
|
||
the agenda prefix to omit category and scheduling information, and
|
||
instead include a checkbox to check off items. We also remove the tags
|
||
to make the lines compact, and we don't want to use colors for the
|
||
black-and-white printer. Settings specified in
|
||
@code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} will also apply, but the settings
|
||
in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} take precedence.
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
From the command line you may also use
|
||
@example
|
||
emacs -eval (org-batch-store-agenda-views) -kill
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
or, if you need to modify some parameters@footnote{Quoting depends on the
|
||
system you use, please check the FAQ for examples.}
|
||
@example
|
||
emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views \
|
||
org-agenda-span (quote month) \
|
||
org-agenda-start-day "2007-11-01" \
|
||
org-agenda-include-diary nil \
|
||
org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \
|
||
-kill
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
which will create the agenda views restricted to the file
|
||
@file{~/org/project.org}, without diary entries and with a 30-day
|
||
extent.
|
||
|
||
You can also extract agenda information in a way that allows further
|
||
processing by other programs. See @ref{Extracting agenda information}, for
|
||
more information.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Agenda column view
|
||
@section Using column view in the agenda
|
||
@cindex column view, in agenda
|
||
@cindex agenda, column view
|
||
|
||
Column view (@pxref{Column view}) is normally used to view and edit
|
||
properties embedded in the hierarchical structure of an Org file. It can be
|
||
quite useful to use column view also from the agenda, where entries are
|
||
collected by certain criteria.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-c,org-agenda-columns}
|
||
Turn on column view in the agenda.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
To understand how to use this properly, it is important to realize that the
|
||
entries in the agenda are no longer in their proper outline environment.
|
||
This causes the following issues:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-columns-default-format
|
||
@vindex org-overriding-columns-format
|
||
Org needs to make a decision which @code{COLUMNS} format to use. Since the
|
||
entries in the agenda are collected from different files, and different files
|
||
may have different @code{COLUMNS} formats, this is a non-trivial problem.
|
||
Org first checks if the variable @code{org-agenda-overriding-columns-format}
|
||
is currently set, and if so, takes the format from there. Otherwise it takes
|
||
the format associated with the first item in the agenda, or, if that item
|
||
does not have a specific format---defined in a property, or in its file---it
|
||
uses @code{org-columns-default-format}.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@cindex property, special, CLOCKSUM
|
||
If any of the columns has a summary type defined (@pxref{Column attributes}),
|
||
turning on column view in the agenda will visit all relevant agenda files and
|
||
make sure that the computations of this property are up to date. This is
|
||
also true for the special @code{CLOCKSUM} property. Org will then sum the
|
||
values displayed in the agenda. In the daily/weekly agenda, the sums will
|
||
cover a single day; in all other views they cover the entire block. It is
|
||
vital to realize that the agenda may show the same entry @emph{twice}---for
|
||
example as scheduled and as a deadline---and it may show two entries from the
|
||
same hierarchy---for example a @emph{parent} and its @emph{child}. In these
|
||
cases, the summation in the agenda will lead to incorrect results because
|
||
some values will count double.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
When the column view in the agenda shows the @code{CLOCKSUM}, that is always
|
||
the entire clocked time for this item. So even in the daily/weekly agenda,
|
||
the clocksum listed in column view may originate from times outside the
|
||
current view. This has the advantage that you can compare these values with
|
||
a column listing the planned total effort for a task---one of the major
|
||
applications for column view in the agenda. If you want information about
|
||
clocked time in the displayed period use clock table mode (press @kbd{R} in
|
||
the agenda).
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@cindex property, special, CLOCKSUM_T
|
||
When the column view in the agenda shows the @code{CLOCKSUM_T}, that is
|
||
always today's clocked time for this item. So even in the weekly agenda, the
|
||
clocksum listed in column view only originates from today. This lets you
|
||
compare the time you spent on a task for today, with the time already
|
||
spent ---via @code{CLOCKSUM}---and with the planned total effort for it.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Markup
|
||
@chapter Markup for rich export
|
||
|
||
When exporting Org mode documents, the exporter tries to reflect the
|
||
structure of the document as accurately as possible in the back-end. Since
|
||
export targets like HTML and @LaTeX{} allow much richer formatting, Org mode has
|
||
rules on how to prepare text for rich export. This section summarizes the
|
||
markup rules used in an Org mode buffer.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Paragraphs:: The basic unit of text
|
||
* Emphasis and monospace:: Bold, italic, etc.
|
||
* Horizontal rules:: Make a line
|
||
* Images and tables:: Images, tables and caption mechanism
|
||
* Literal examples:: Source code examples with special formatting
|
||
* Special symbols:: Greek letters and other symbols
|
||
* Subscripts and superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
|
||
* Embedded @LaTeX{}:: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Paragraphs
|
||
@section Paragraphs, line breaks, and quoting
|
||
@cindex paragraphs, markup rules
|
||
|
||
Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to enforce
|
||
a line break within a paragraph, use @samp{\\} at the end of a line.
|
||
|
||
To preserve the line breaks, indentation and blank lines in a region, but
|
||
otherwise use normal formatting, you can use this construct, which can also
|
||
be used to format poetry.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_VERSE
|
||
@cindex verse blocks
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_VERSE
|
||
Great clouds overhead
|
||
Tiny black birds rise and fall
|
||
Snow covers Emacs
|
||
|
||
-- AlexSchroeder
|
||
#+END_VERSE
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
When quoting a passage from another document, it is customary to format this
|
||
as a paragraph that is indented on both the left and the right margin. You
|
||
can include quotations in Org mode documents like this:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||
@cindex quote blocks
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||
Everything should be made as simple as possible,
|
||
but not any simpler -- Albert Einstein
|
||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If you would like to center some text, do it like this:
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_CENTER
|
||
@cindex center blocks
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_CENTER
|
||
Everything should be made as simple as possible, \\
|
||
but not any simpler
|
||
#+END_CENTER
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Emphasis and monospace
|
||
@section Emphasis and monospace
|
||
|
||
@cindex underlined text, markup rules
|
||
@cindex bold text, markup rules
|
||
@cindex italic text, markup rules
|
||
@cindex verbatim text, markup rules
|
||
@cindex code text, markup rules
|
||
@cindex strike-through text, markup rules
|
||
@vindex org-fontify-emphasized-text
|
||
@vindex org-emphasis-regexp-components
|
||
@vindex org-emphasis-alist
|
||
You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, _underlined_, @code{=verbatim=}
|
||
and @code{~code~}, and, if you must, @samp{+strike-through+}. Text
|
||
in the code and verbatim string is not processed for Org mode specific
|
||
syntax, it is exported verbatim.
|
||
|
||
To turn off fontification for marked up text, you can set
|
||
@code{org-fontify-emphasized-text} to @code{nil}. To narrow down the list of
|
||
available markup syntax, you can customize @code{org-emphasis-alist}. To fine
|
||
tune what characters are allowed before and after the markup characters, you
|
||
can tweak @code{org-emphasis-regexp-components}. Beware that changing one of
|
||
the above variables will no take effect until you reload Org, for which you
|
||
may need to restart Emacs.
|
||
|
||
@node Horizontal rules
|
||
@section Horizontal rules
|
||
@cindex horizontal rules, markup rules
|
||
A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, will be exported as
|
||
a horizontal line.
|
||
|
||
@node Images and tables
|
||
@section Images and Tables
|
||
|
||
@cindex tables, markup rules
|
||
@cindex #+CAPTION
|
||
@cindex #+NAME
|
||
Both the native Org mode tables (@pxref{Tables}) and tables formatted with
|
||
the @file{table.el} package will be exported properly. For Org mode tables,
|
||
the lines before the first horizontal separator line will become table header
|
||
lines. You can use the following lines somewhere before the table to assign
|
||
a caption and a label for cross references, and in the text you can refer to
|
||
the object with @code{[[tab:basic-data]]} (@pxref{Internal links}):
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next table (or link)
|
||
#+NAME: tab:basic-data
|
||
| ... | ...|
|
||
|-----|----|
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Optionally, the caption can take the form:
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CAPTION[Caption for list of tables]: Caption for table.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex inlined images, markup rules
|
||
Some back-ends allow you to directly include images into the exported
|
||
document. Org does this, if a link to an image files does not have
|
||
a description part, for example @code{[[./img/a.jpg]]}. If you wish to
|
||
define a caption for the image and maybe a label for internal cross
|
||
references, make sure that the link is on a line by itself and precede it
|
||
with @code{#+CAPTION} and @code{#+NAME} as follows:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next figure link (or table)
|
||
#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049
|
||
[[./img/a.jpg]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Such images can be displayed within the buffer. @xref{Handling links,the
|
||
discussion of image links}.
|
||
|
||
Even though images and tables are prominent examples of captioned structures,
|
||
the same caption mechanism can apply to many others (e.g., @LaTeX{}
|
||
equations, source code blocks). Depending on the export back-end, those may
|
||
or may not be handled.
|
||
|
||
@node Literal examples
|
||
@section Literal examples
|
||
@cindex literal examples, markup rules
|
||
@cindex code line references, markup rules
|
||
|
||
You can include literal examples that should not be subjected to
|
||
markup. Such examples will be typeset in monospace, so this is well suited
|
||
for source code and similar examples.
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
||
Some example from a text file.
|
||
#+END_EXAMPLE
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Note that such blocks may be @i{indented} in order to align nicely with
|
||
indented text and in particular with plain list structure (@pxref{Plain
|
||
lists}). For simplicity when using small examples, you can also start the
|
||
example lines with a colon followed by a space. There may also be additional
|
||
whitespace before the colon:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
Here is an example
|
||
: Some example from a text file.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex formatting source code, markup rules
|
||
@vindex org-latex-listings
|
||
If the example is source code from a programming language, or any other text
|
||
that can be marked up by font-lock in Emacs, you can ask for the example to
|
||
look like the fontified Emacs buffer@footnote{This works automatically for
|
||
the HTML back-end (it requires version 1.34 of the @file{htmlize.el} package,
|
||
which is distributed with Org). Fontified code chunks in @LaTeX{} can be
|
||
achieved using either the
|
||
@url{https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/listings/?lang=en, listings,}
|
||
or the
|
||
@url{https://github.com/gpoore/minted, minted,} package.
|
||
If you use minted or listing, you must load the packages manually, for
|
||
example by adding the desired package to
|
||
@code{org-latex-packages-alist}. Refer to @code{org-latex-listings}
|
||
for details.}. This is done with the @samp{src} block, where you also need
|
||
to specify the name of the major mode that should be used to fontify the
|
||
example@footnote{Code in @samp{src} blocks may also be evaluated either
|
||
interactively or on export. @xref{Working with source code}, for more
|
||
information on evaluating code blocks.}, see @ref{Easy templates} for
|
||
shortcuts to easily insert code blocks.
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_SRC
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun org-xor (a b)
|
||
"Exclusive or."
|
||
(if a (not b) b))
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Both in @code{example} and in @code{src} snippets, you can add a @code{-n}
|
||
switch to the end of the @code{BEGIN} line, to get the lines of the example
|
||
numbered. The @code{-n} takes an optional numeric argument specifying the
|
||
starting line number of the block. If you use a @code{+n} switch, the
|
||
numbering from the previous numbered snippet will be continued in the current
|
||
one. The @code{+n} can also take a numeric argument. The value of the
|
||
argument will be added to the last line of the previous block to determine
|
||
the starting line number.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n 20
|
||
;; this will export with line number 20
|
||
(message "This is line 21")
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp +n 10
|
||
;; This will be listed as line 31
|
||
(message "This is line 32")
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
In literal examples, Org will interpret strings like @samp{(ref:name)} as
|
||
labels, and use them as targets for special hyperlinks like @code{[[(name)]]}
|
||
(i.e., the reference name enclosed in single parenthesis). In HTML, hovering
|
||
the mouse over such a link will remote-highlight the corresponding code line,
|
||
which is kind of cool.
|
||
|
||
You can also add a @code{-r} switch which @i{removes} the labels from the
|
||
source code@footnote{Adding @code{-k} to @code{-n -r} will @i{keep} the
|
||
labels in the source code while using line numbers for the links, which might
|
||
be useful to explain those in an Org mode example code.}. With the @code{-n}
|
||
switch, links to these references will be labeled by the line numbers from
|
||
the code listing, otherwise links will use the labels with no parentheses.
|
||
Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n -r
|
||
(save-excursion (ref:sc)
|
||
(goto-char (point-min))) (ref:jump)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
In line [[(sc)]] we remember the current position. [[(jump)][Line (jump)]]
|
||
jumps to point-min.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex indentation, in source blocks
|
||
Finally, you can use @code{-i} to preserve the indentation of a specific code
|
||
block (@pxref{Editing source code}).
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-coderef-label-format
|
||
If the syntax for the label format conflicts with the language syntax, use a
|
||
@code{-l} switch to change the format, for example @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC pascal
|
||
-n -r -l "((%s))"}. See also the variable @code{org-coderef-label-format}.
|
||
|
||
HTML export also allows examples to be published as text areas (@pxref{Text
|
||
areas in HTML export}).
|
||
|
||
Because the @code{#+BEGIN_...} and @code{#+END_...} patterns need to be added
|
||
so often, shortcuts are provided using the Easy templates facility
|
||
(@pxref{Easy templates}).
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c '
|
||
@item C-c '
|
||
Edit the source code example at point in its native mode. This works by
|
||
switching to a temporary buffer with the source code. You need to exit by
|
||
pressing @kbd{C-c '} again@footnote{Upon exit, lines starting with @samp{*},
|
||
@samp{,*}, @samp{#+} and @samp{,#+} will get a comma prepended, to keep them
|
||
from being interpreted by Org as outline nodes or special syntax. These
|
||
commas will be stripped for editing with @kbd{C-c '}, and also for export.}.
|
||
The edited version will then replace the old version in the Org buffer.
|
||
Fixed-width regions (where each line starts with a colon followed by a space)
|
||
will be edited using @code{artist-mode}@footnote{You may select
|
||
a different-mode with the variable @code{org-edit-fixed-width-region-mode}.}
|
||
to allow creating ASCII drawings easily. Using this command in an empty line
|
||
will create a new fixed-width region.
|
||
@kindex C-c l
|
||
@item C-c l
|
||
Calling @code{org-store-link} while editing a source code example in a
|
||
temporary buffer created with @kbd{C-c '} will prompt for a label. Make sure
|
||
that it is unique in the current buffer, and insert it with the proper
|
||
formatting like @samp{(ref:label)} at the end of the current line. Then the
|
||
label is stored as a link @samp{(label)}, for retrieval with @kbd{C-c C-l}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Special symbols
|
||
@section Special symbols
|
||
@cindex Org entities
|
||
@cindex math symbols
|
||
@cindex special symbols
|
||
@cindex HTML entities
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} entities
|
||
|
||
You can use @LaTeX{}-like syntax to insert special symbols---named
|
||
entities---like @samp{\alpha} to indicate the Greek letter, or @samp{\to} to
|
||
indicate an arrow. Completion for these symbols is available, just type
|
||
@samp{\} and maybe a few letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible
|
||
completions. If you need such a symbol inside a word, terminate it with
|
||
a pair of curly brackets. For example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
Protip: Given a circle \Gamma of diameter d, the length of its circumference
|
||
is \pi@{@}d.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@findex org-entities-help
|
||
@vindex org-entities-user
|
||
A large number of entities is provided, with names taken from both HTML and
|
||
@LaTeX{}; you can comfortably browse the complete list from a dedicated
|
||
buffer using the command @code{org-entities-help}. It is also possible to
|
||
provide your own special symbols in the variable @code{org-entities-user}.
|
||
|
||
During export, these symbols are transformed into the native format of the
|
||
exporter back-end. Strings like @code{\alpha} are exported as @code{α}
|
||
in the HTML output, and as @code{\(\alpha\)} in the @LaTeX{} output.
|
||
Similarly, @code{\nbsp} becomes @code{ } in HTML and @code{~} in
|
||
@LaTeX{}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex escaping characters
|
||
Entities may also be used as a may to escape markup in an Org document, e.g.,
|
||
@samp{\under@{@}not underlined\under} exports as @samp{_not underlined_}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex special symbols, in-buffer display
|
||
If you would like to see entities displayed as UTF-8 characters, use the
|
||
following command@footnote{You can turn this on by default by setting the
|
||
variable @code{org-pretty-entities}, or on a per-file base with the
|
||
@code{#+STARTUP} option @code{entitiespretty}.}:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@cindex @code{entitiespretty}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x \
|
||
@item C-c C-x \
|
||
Toggle display of entities as UTF-8 characters. This does not change the
|
||
buffer content which remains plain ASCII, but it overlays the UTF-8 character
|
||
for display purposes only.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@cindex shy hyphen, special symbol
|
||
@cindex dash, special symbol
|
||
@cindex ellipsis, special symbol
|
||
In addition to regular entities defined above, Org exports in a special
|
||
way@footnote{This behaviour can be disabled with @code{-} export setting
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}).} the following commonly used character
|
||
combinations: @samp{\-} is treated as a shy hyphen, @samp{--} and @samp{---}
|
||
are converted into dashes, and @samp{...} becomes a compact set of dots.
|
||
|
||
@node Subscripts and superscripts
|
||
@section Subscripts and superscripts
|
||
@cindex subscript
|
||
@cindex superscript
|
||
|
||
@samp{^} and @samp{_} are used to indicate super- and subscripts. To
|
||
increase the readability of ASCII text, it is not necessary---but OK---to
|
||
surround multi-character sub- and superscripts with curly braces. Those are,
|
||
however, mandatory, when more than one word is involved. For example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
The radius of the sun is R_sun = 6.96 x 10^8 m. On the other hand, the
|
||
radius of Alpha Centauri is R_@{Alpha Centauri@} = 1.28 x R_@{sun@}.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-use-sub-superscripts
|
||
If you write a text where the underscore is often used in a different
|
||
context, Org's convention to always interpret these as subscripts can get in
|
||
your way. Configure the variable @code{org-use-sub-superscripts} to change
|
||
this convention. For example, when setting this variable to @code{@{@}},
|
||
@samp{a_b} will not be interpreted as a subscript, but @samp{a_@{b@}} will.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x \
|
||
@item C-c C-x \
|
||
In addition to showing entities as UTF-8 characters, this command will also
|
||
format sub- and superscripts in a WYSIWYM way.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Embedded @LaTeX{}
|
||
@section Embedded @LaTeX{}
|
||
@cindex @TeX{} interpretation
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} interpretation
|
||
|
||
Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. Exceptions
|
||
include scientific notes, which often require mathematical symbols and the
|
||
occasional formula. @LaTeX{}@footnote{@LaTeX{} is a macro system based on
|
||
Donald E. Knuth's @TeX{} system. Many of the features described here as
|
||
``@LaTeX{}'' are really from @TeX{}, but for simplicity I am blurring this
|
||
distinction.} is widely used to typeset scientific documents. Org mode
|
||
supports embedding @LaTeX{} code into its files, because many academics are
|
||
used to writing and reading @LaTeX{} source code, and because it can be
|
||
readily processed to produce pretty output for a number of export back-ends.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* @LaTeX{} fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
|
||
* Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments:: What will this snippet look like?
|
||
* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node @LaTeX{} fragments
|
||
@subsection @LaTeX{} fragments
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} fragments
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-format-latex-header
|
||
Org mode can contain @LaTeX{} math fragments, and it supports ways to process
|
||
these for several export back-ends. When exporting to @LaTeX{}, the code is
|
||
left as it is. When exporting to HTML, Org can use either
|
||
@uref{http://www.mathjax.org, MathJax} (@pxref{Math formatting in HTML
|
||
export}) or transcode the math into images (see @pxref{Previewing @LaTeX{}
|
||
fragments}).
|
||
|
||
@LaTeX{} fragments don't need any special marking at all. The following
|
||
snippets will be identified as @LaTeX{} source code:
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
Environments of any kind@footnote{When MathJax is used, only the
|
||
environments recognized by MathJax will be processed. When
|
||
@file{dvipng} program, @file{dvisvgm} program or @file{imagemagick} suite is
|
||
used to create images, any @LaTeX{} environment will be handled.}. The only
|
||
requirement is that the @code{\begin} statement appears on a new line, at the
|
||
beginning of the line or after whitespaces only.
|
||
@item
|
||
Text within the usual @LaTeX{} math delimiters. To avoid conflicts with
|
||
currency specifications, single @samp{$} characters are only recognized as
|
||
math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at most two line breaks, is
|
||
directly attached to the @samp{$} characters with no whitespace in between,
|
||
and if the closing @samp{$} is followed by whitespace or punctuation
|
||
(parentheses and quotes are considered to be punctuation in this
|
||
context). For the other delimiters, there is no such restriction, so when in
|
||
doubt, use @samp{\(...\)} as inline math delimiters.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@noindent For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
\begin@{equation@}
|
||
x=\sqrt@{b@}
|
||
\end@{equation@}
|
||
|
||
If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be
|
||
either $$ a=+\sqrt@{2@} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt@{2@} \].
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@c FIXME
|
||
@c @noindent
|
||
@c @vindex org-format-latex-options
|
||
@c If you need any of the delimiter ASCII sequences for other purposes, you
|
||
@c can configure the option @code{org-format-latex-options} to deselect the
|
||
@c ones you do not wish to have interpreted by the @LaTeX{} converter.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-latex
|
||
@LaTeX{} processing can be configured with the variable
|
||
@code{org-export-with-latex}. The default setting is @code{t} which means
|
||
MathJax for HTML, and no processing for ASCII and @LaTeX{} back-ends.
|
||
You can also set this variable on a per-file basis using one of these
|
||
lines:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:t @r{Do the right thing automatically (MathJax)}
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:nil @r{Do not process @LaTeX{} fragments at all}
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:verbatim @r{Verbatim export, for jsMath or so}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments
|
||
@subsection Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} fragments, preview
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-preview-latex-default-process
|
||
If you have a working @LaTeX{} installation and @file{dvipng}, @file{dvisvgm}
|
||
or @file{convert} installed@footnote{These are respectively available at
|
||
@url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/}, @url{http://dvisvgm.bplaced.net/}
|
||
and from the @file{imagemagick} suite. Choose the converter by setting the
|
||
variable @code{org-preview-latex-default-process} accordingly.}, @LaTeX{}
|
||
fragments can be processed to produce images of the typeset expressions to be
|
||
used for inclusion while exporting to HTML (see @pxref{@LaTeX{} fragments}),
|
||
or for inline previewing within Org mode.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-format-latex-options
|
||
@vindex org-format-latex-header
|
||
You can customize the variables @code{org-format-latex-options} and
|
||
@code{org-format-latex-header} to influence some aspects of the preview. In
|
||
particular, the @code{:scale} (and for HTML export, @code{:html-scale})
|
||
property of the former can be used to adjust the size of the preview images.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x C-l
|
||
@item C-c C-x C-l
|
||
Produce a preview image of the @LaTeX{} fragment at point and overlay it
|
||
over the source code. If there is no fragment at point, process all
|
||
fragments in the current entry (between two headlines). When called
|
||
with a prefix argument, process the entire subtree. When called with
|
||
two prefix arguments, or when the cursor is before the first headline,
|
||
process the entire buffer.
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@item C-c C-c
|
||
Remove the overlay preview images.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-with-latex-preview
|
||
You can turn on the previewing of all @LaTeX{} fragments in a file with
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: latexpreview
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To disable it, simply use
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: nolatexpreview
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node CDLaTeX mode
|
||
@subsection Using CD@LaTeX{} to enter math
|
||
@cindex CD@LaTeX{}
|
||
|
||
CD@LaTeX{} mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination with a
|
||
major @LaTeX{} mode like AUC@TeX{} in order to speed-up insertion of
|
||
environments and math templates. Inside Org mode, you can make use of
|
||
some of the features of CD@LaTeX{} mode. You need to install
|
||
@file{cdlatex.el} and @file{texmathp.el} (the latter comes also with
|
||
AUC@TeX{}) from @url{https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/c.dominik/Tools/cdlatex}.
|
||
Don't use CD@LaTeX{} mode itself under Org mode, but use the light
|
||
version @code{org-cdlatex-mode} that comes as part of Org mode. Turn it
|
||
on for the current buffer with @kbd{M-x org-cdlatex-mode RET}, or for all
|
||
Org files with
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-org-cdlatex)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for more
|
||
details see the documentation of CD@LaTeX{} mode):
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@kindex C-c @{
|
||
@item
|
||
Environment templates can be inserted with @kbd{C-c @{}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
||
The @key{TAB} key will do template expansion if the cursor is inside a
|
||
@LaTeX{} fragment@footnote{Org mode has a method to test if the cursor is
|
||
inside such a fragment, see the documentation of the function
|
||
@code{org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p}.}. For example, @key{TAB} will
|
||
expand @code{fr} to @code{\frac@{@}@{@}} and position the cursor
|
||
correctly inside the first brace. Another @key{TAB} will get you into
|
||
the second brace. Even outside fragments, @key{TAB} will expand
|
||
environment abbreviations at the beginning of a line. For example, if
|
||
you write @samp{equ} at the beginning of a line and press @key{TAB},
|
||
this abbreviation will be expanded to an @code{equation} environment.
|
||
To get a list of all abbreviations, type @kbd{M-x cdlatex-command-help RET}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@kindex _
|
||
@kindex ^
|
||
@vindex cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts
|
||
Pressing @kbd{_} and @kbd{^} inside a @LaTeX{} fragment will insert these
|
||
characters together with a pair of braces. If you use @key{TAB} to move
|
||
out of the braces, and if the braces surround only a single character or
|
||
macro, they are removed again (depending on the variable
|
||
@code{cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts}).
|
||
@item
|
||
@kindex `
|
||
Pressing the grave accent @kbd{`} followed by a character inserts math
|
||
macros, also outside @LaTeX{} fragments. If you wait more than 1.5 seconds
|
||
after the grave accent, a help window will pop up.
|
||
@item
|
||
@kindex '
|
||
Pressing the apostrophe @kbd{'} followed by another character modifies
|
||
the symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you wait more than
|
||
1.5 seconds after the apostrophe, a help window will pop up. Character
|
||
modification will work only inside @LaTeX{} fragments; outside the quote
|
||
is normal.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node Exporting
|
||
@chapter Exporting
|
||
@cindex exporting
|
||
|
||
Sometimes, you may want to pretty print your notes, publish them on the web
|
||
or even share them with people not using Org. In these cases, the Org export
|
||
facilities can be used to convert your documents to a variety of other
|
||
formats, while retaining as much structure (@pxref{Document structure}) and
|
||
markup (@pxref{Markup}) as possible.
|
||
|
||
@cindex export back-end
|
||
Libraries responsible for such translation are called back-ends. Org ships
|
||
with the following ones
|
||
|
||
@itemize
|
||
@item ascii (ASCII format)
|
||
@item beamer (@LaTeX{} Beamer format)
|
||
@item html (HTML format)
|
||
@item icalendar (iCalendar format)
|
||
@item latex (@LaTeX{} format)
|
||
@item md (Markdown format)
|
||
@item odt (OpenDocument Text format)
|
||
@item org (Org format)
|
||
@item texinfo (Texinfo format)
|
||
@item man (Man page format)
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@noindent Org also uses additional libraries located in @code{contrib/}
|
||
directory (@pxref{Installation}). Users can install additional export
|
||
libraries for additional formats from the Emacs packaging system. For easy
|
||
discovery, these packages have a common naming scheme: @file{ox-NAME}, where
|
||
NAME is one of the formats. For example, @file{ox-koma-letter} for
|
||
@code{koma-letter} back-end.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-backends
|
||
Org loads back-ends for the following formats by default: @code{ascii},
|
||
@code{html}, @code{icalendar}, @code{latex} and @code{odt}.
|
||
|
||
Org can load additional back-ends either of two ways: through the
|
||
@code{org-export-backends} variable configuration; or, by requiring the
|
||
library in the Emacs init file like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(require 'ox-md)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* The export dispatcher:: The main interface
|
||
* Export settings:: Common export settings
|
||
* Table of contents:: The if and where of the table of contents
|
||
* Include files:: Include additional files into a document
|
||
* Macro replacement:: Use macros to create templates
|
||
* Comment lines:: What will not be exported
|
||
* ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export:: Exporting to flat files with encoding
|
||
* Beamer export:: Exporting as a Beamer presentation
|
||
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
|
||
* @LaTeX{} export:: Exporting to @LaTeX{}, and processing to PDF
|
||
* Markdown export:: Exporting to Markdown
|
||
* OpenDocument Text export:: Exporting to OpenDocument Text
|
||
* Org export:: Exporting to Org
|
||
* Texinfo export:: Exporting to Texinfo
|
||
* iCalendar export:: Exporting to iCalendar
|
||
* Other built-in back-ends:: Exporting to a man page
|
||
* Advanced configuration:: Fine-tuning the export output
|
||
* Export in foreign buffers:: Author tables and lists in Org syntax
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node The export dispatcher
|
||
@section The export dispatcher
|
||
@vindex org-export-dispatch-use-expert-ui
|
||
@cindex Export, dispatcher
|
||
|
||
The export dispatcher is the main interface for Org's exports. A
|
||
hierarchical menu presents the currently configured export formats. Options
|
||
are shown as easy toggle switches on the same screen.
|
||
|
||
Org also has a minimal prompt interface for the export dispatcher. When the
|
||
variable @code{org-export-dispatch-use-expert-ui} is set to a non-@code{nil}
|
||
value, Org prompts in the minibuffer. To switch back to the hierarchical
|
||
menu, press @key{?}.
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e,org-export-dispatch}
|
||
|
||
Invokes the export dispatcher interface. The options show default settings.
|
||
The @kbd{C-u} prefix argument preserves options from the previous export,
|
||
including any sub-tree selections.
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Org exports the entire buffer by default. If the Org buffer has an active
|
||
region, then Org exports just that region.
|
||
|
||
These are the export options, the key combinations that toggle them
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}):
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item C-a
|
||
@vindex org-export-async-init-file
|
||
Toggles asynchronous export. Asynchronous export uses an external Emacs
|
||
process with a specially configured initialization file to complete the
|
||
exporting process in the background thereby releasing the current interface.
|
||
This is particularly useful when exporting long documents.
|
||
|
||
Output from an asynchronous export is saved on the ``the export stack''. To
|
||
view this stack, call the export dispatcher with a double @kbd{C-u} prefix
|
||
argument. If already in the export dispatcher menu, @kbd{&} displays the
|
||
stack.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-in-background
|
||
To make the background export process the default, customize the variable,
|
||
@code{org-export-in-background}.
|
||
|
||
@item C-b
|
||
Toggle body-only export. Useful for excluding headers and footers in the
|
||
export. Affects only those back-end formats that have such sections---like
|
||
@code{<head>...</head>} in HTML.
|
||
|
||
@item C-s
|
||
@vindex org-export-initial-scope
|
||
Toggle sub-tree export. When turned on, Org exports only the sub-tree starting
|
||
from the cursor position at the time the export dispatcher was invoked. Org
|
||
uses the top heading of this sub-tree as the document's title. If the cursor
|
||
is not on a heading, Org uses the nearest enclosing header. If the cursor is
|
||
in the document preamble, Org signals an error and aborts export.
|
||
|
||
To make the sub-tree export the default, customize the variable,
|
||
@code{org-export-initial-scope}.
|
||
|
||
@item C-v
|
||
Toggle visible-only export. Useful for exporting only visible parts of an
|
||
Org document by adjusting outline visibility settings.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Export settings
|
||
@section Export settings
|
||
@cindex Export, settings
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+OPTIONS
|
||
Export options can be set: globally with variables; for an individual file by
|
||
making variables buffer-local with in-buffer settings (@pxref{In-buffer
|
||
settings}), by setting individual keywords, or by specifying them in a
|
||
compact form with the @code{#+OPTIONS} keyword; or for a tree by setting
|
||
properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}). Options set at a specific level
|
||
override options set at a more general level.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+SETUPFILE
|
||
In-buffer settings may appear anywhere in the file, either directly or
|
||
indirectly through a file included using @samp{#+SETUPFILE: filename or URL}
|
||
syntax. Option keyword sets tailored to a particular back-end can be
|
||
inserted from the export dispatcher (@pxref{The export dispatcher}) using the
|
||
@code{Insert template} command by pressing @key{#}. To insert keywords
|
||
individually, a good way to make sure the keyword is correct is to type
|
||
@code{#+} and then to use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}@footnote{Many desktops intercept
|
||
@kbd{M-TAB} to switch windows. Use @kbd{C-M-i} or @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}}
|
||
instead.} for completion.
|
||
|
||
The export keywords available for every back-end, and their equivalent global
|
||
variables, include:
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item AUTHOR
|
||
@cindex #+AUTHOR
|
||
@vindex user-full-name
|
||
The document author (@code{user-full-name}).
|
||
|
||
@item CREATOR
|
||
@cindex #+CREATOR
|
||
@vindex org-export-creator-string
|
||
Entity responsible for output generation (@code{org-export-creator-string}).
|
||
|
||
@item DATE
|
||
@cindex #+DATE
|
||
@vindex org-export-date-timestamp-format
|
||
A date or a time-stamp@footnote{The variable
|
||
@code{org-export-date-timestamp-format} defines how this time-stamp will be
|
||
exported.}.
|
||
|
||
@item EMAIL
|
||
@cindex #+EMAIL
|
||
@vindex user-mail-address
|
||
The email address (@code{user-mail-address}).
|
||
|
||
@item LANGUAGE
|
||
@cindex #+LANGUAGE
|
||
@vindex org-export-default-language
|
||
Language to use for translating certain strings
|
||
(@code{org-export-default-language}). With @samp{#+LANGUAGE: fr}, for
|
||
example, Org translates @emph{Table of contents} to the French @emph{Table
|
||
des matières}.
|
||
|
||
@item SELECT_TAGS
|
||
@cindex #+SELECT_TAGS
|
||
@vindex org-export-select-tags
|
||
The default value is @code{:export:}. When a tree is tagged with
|
||
@code{:export:} (@code{org-export-select-tags}), Org selects that tree and
|
||
its sub-trees for export. Org excludes trees with @code{:noexport:} tags,
|
||
see below. When selectively exporting files with @code{:export:} tags set,
|
||
Org does not export any text that appears before the first headline.
|
||
|
||
@item EXCLUDE_TAGS
|
||
@cindex #+EXCLUDE_TAGS
|
||
@vindex org-export-exclude-tags
|
||
The default value is @code{:noexport:}. When a tree is tagged with
|
||
@code{:noexport:} (@code{org-export-exclude-tags}), Org excludes that tree
|
||
and its sub-trees from export. Entries tagged with @code{:noexport:} will be
|
||
unconditionally excluded from the export, even if they have an
|
||
@code{:export:} tag. Even if a sub-tree is not exported, Org will execute any
|
||
code blocks contained in them.
|
||
|
||
@item TITLE
|
||
@cindex #+TITLE
|
||
@cindex document title
|
||
Org displays this title. For long titles, use multiple @code{#+TITLE} lines.
|
||
|
||
@item EXPORT_FILE_NAME
|
||
@cindex #+EXPORT_FILE_NAME
|
||
The name of the output file to be generated. Otherwise, Org generates the
|
||
file name based on the buffer name and the extension based on the back-end
|
||
format.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The @code{#+OPTIONS} keyword is a compact form. To configure multiple
|
||
options, use several @code{#+OPTIONS} lines. @code{#+OPTIONS} recognizes the
|
||
following arguments.
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item ':
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-smart-quotes
|
||
Toggle smart quotes (@code{org-export-with-smart-quotes}). Depending on the
|
||
language used, when activated, Org treats pairs of double quotes as primary
|
||
quotes, pairs of single quotes as secondary quotes, and single quote marks as
|
||
apostrophes.
|
||
|
||
@item *:
|
||
Toggle emphasized text (@code{org-export-with-emphasize}).
|
||
|
||
@item -:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-special-strings
|
||
Toggle conversion of special strings
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-special-strings}).
|
||
|
||
@item ::
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-fixed-width
|
||
Toggle fixed-width sections
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-fixed-width}).
|
||
|
||
@item <:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-timestamps
|
||
Toggle inclusion of time/date active/inactive stamps
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-timestamps}).
|
||
|
||
@item \n:
|
||
@vindex org-export-preserve-breaks
|
||
Toggles whether to preserve line breaks (@code{org-export-preserve-breaks}).
|
||
|
||
@item ^:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-sub-superscripts
|
||
Toggle @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts. If you write "^:@{@}",
|
||
@samp{a_@{b@}} will be interpreted, but the simple @samp{a_b} will be left as
|
||
it is (@code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}).
|
||
|
||
@item arch:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-archived-trees
|
||
Configure how archived trees are exported. When set to @code{headline}, the
|
||
export process skips the contents and processes only the headlines
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-archived-trees}).
|
||
|
||
@item author:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-author
|
||
Toggle inclusion of author name into exported file
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-author}).
|
||
|
||
@item broken-links:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-broken-links
|
||
Toggles if Org should continue exporting upon finding a broken internal link.
|
||
When set to @code{mark}, Org clearly marks the problem link in the output
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-broken-links}).
|
||
|
||
@item c:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-clocks
|
||
Toggle inclusion of CLOCK keywords (@code{org-export-with-clocks}).
|
||
|
||
@item creator:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-creator
|
||
Toggle inclusion of creator information in the exported file
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-creator}).
|
||
|
||
@item d:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-drawers
|
||
Toggles inclusion of drawers, or list of drawers to include, or list of
|
||
drawers to exclude (@code{org-export-with-drawers}).
|
||
|
||
@item date:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-date
|
||
Toggle inclusion of a date into exported file (@code{org-export-with-date}).
|
||
|
||
@item e:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-entities
|
||
Toggle inclusion of entities (@code{org-export-with-entities}).
|
||
|
||
@item email:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-email
|
||
Toggle inclusion of the author's e-mail into exported file
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-email}).
|
||
|
||
@item f:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-footnotes
|
||
Toggle the inclusion of footnotes (@code{org-export-with-footnotes}).
|
||
|
||
@item H:
|
||
@vindex org-export-headline-levels
|
||
Set the number of headline levels for export
|
||
(@code{org-export-headline-levels}). Below that level, headlines are treated
|
||
differently. In most back-ends, they become list items.
|
||
|
||
@item inline:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-inlinetasks
|
||
Toggle inclusion of inlinetasks (@code{org-export-with-inlinetasks}).
|
||
|
||
@item num:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-section-numbers
|
||
@cindex property, UNNUMBERED
|
||
Toggle section-numbers (@code{org-export-with-section-numbers}). When set to
|
||
number @samp{n}, Org numbers only those headlines at level @samp{n} or above.
|
||
Set @code{UNNUMBERED} property to non-@code{nil} to disable numbering of
|
||
heading and subheadings entirely.
|
||
|
||
@item p:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-planning
|
||
Toggle export of planning information (@code{org-export-with-planning}).
|
||
``Planning information'' comes from lines located right after the headline
|
||
and contain any combination of these cookies: @code{SCHEDULED:},
|
||
@code{DEADLINE:}, or @code{CLOSED:}.
|
||
|
||
@item pri:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-priority
|
||
Toggle inclusion of priority cookies (@code{org-export-with-priority}).
|
||
|
||
@item prop:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-properties
|
||
Toggle inclusion of property drawers, or list the properties to include
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-properties}).
|
||
|
||
@item stat:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-statistics-cookies
|
||
Toggle inclusion of statistics cookies
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-statistics-cookies}).
|
||
|
||
@item tags:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-tags
|
||
Toggle inclusion of tags, may also be @code{not-in-toc}
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-tags}).
|
||
|
||
@item tasks:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-tasks
|
||
Toggle inclusion of tasks (TODO items); or @code{nil} to remove all tasks; or
|
||
@code{todo} to remove DONE tasks; or list the keywords to keep
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-tasks}).
|
||
|
||
@item tex:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-latex
|
||
@code{nil} does not export; @code{t} exports; @code{verbatim} keeps
|
||
everything in verbatim (@code{org-export-with-latex}).
|
||
|
||
@item timestamp:
|
||
@vindex org-export-time-stamp-file
|
||
Toggle inclusion of the creation time in the exported file
|
||
(@code{org-export-time-stamp-file}).
|
||
|
||
@item title:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-title
|
||
Toggle inclusion of title (@code{org-export-with-title}).
|
||
|
||
@item toc:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-toc
|
||
Toggle inclusion of the table of contents, or set the level limit
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-toc}).
|
||
|
||
@item todo:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-todo-keywords
|
||
Toggle inclusion of TODO keywords into exported text
|
||
(@code{org-export-with-todo-keywords}).
|
||
|
||
@item |:
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-tables
|
||
Toggle inclusion of tables (@code{org-export-with-tables}).
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
When exporting sub-trees, special node properties in them can override the
|
||
above keywords. They are special because they have an @samp{EXPORT_} prefix.
|
||
For example, @samp{DATE} and @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME} keywords become,
|
||
respectively, @samp{EXPORT_DATE} and @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME}. Except for
|
||
@samp{SETUPFILE}, all other keywords listed above have an @samp{EXPORT_}
|
||
equivalent.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BIND
|
||
@vindex org-export-allow-bind-keywords
|
||
If @code{org-export-allow-bind-keywords} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs variables
|
||
can become buffer-local during export by using the BIND keyword. Its syntax
|
||
is @samp{#+BIND: variable value}. This is particularly useful for in-buffer
|
||
settings that cannot be changed using keywords.
|
||
|
||
@node Table of contents
|
||
@section Table of contents
|
||
@cindex table of contents
|
||
@cindex list of tables
|
||
@cindex list of listings
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TOC
|
||
@vindex org-export-with-toc
|
||
Org normally inserts the table of contents directly before the first headline
|
||
of the file. Org sets the TOC depth the same as the headline levels in the
|
||
file. Use a lower number for lower TOC depth. To turn off TOC entirely, use
|
||
@code{nil}. This is configured in the @code{org-export-with-toc} variable or
|
||
as keywords in an Org file as:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: toc:2 @r{only include two levels in TOC}
|
||
#+OPTIONS: toc:nil @r{no default TOC at all}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To move the table of contents to a different location, first turn off the
|
||
default with @code{org-export-with-toc} variable or with @code{#+OPTIONS:
|
||
toc:nil}. Then insert @code{#+TOC: headlines N} at the desired location(s).
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: toc:nil @r{no default TOC}
|
||
...
|
||
#+TOC: headlines 2 @r{insert TOC here, with two headline levels}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To adjust the TOC depth for a specific section of the Org document, append an
|
||
additional @samp{local} parameter. This parameter becomes a relative depth
|
||
for the current level.
|
||
|
||
Note that for this feature to work properly in @LaTeX{} export, the Org file
|
||
requires the inclusion of the @code{titletoc} package. Because of
|
||
compatibility issues, @code{titletoc} has to be loaded @emph{before}
|
||
@code{hyperref}. Customize the @code{org-latex-default-packages-alist}
|
||
variable.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Section #+TOC: headlines 1 local @r{insert local TOC, with direct children
|
||
only}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Use the @code{TOC} keyword to generate list of tables (resp.@: all listings)
|
||
with captions.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TOC: listings @r{build a list of listings}
|
||
#+TOC: tables @r{build a list of tables}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, ALT_TITLE
|
||
Normally Org uses the headline for its entry in the table of contents. But
|
||
with @code{ALT_TITLE} property, a different entry can be specified for the
|
||
table of contents.
|
||
|
||
@node Include files
|
||
@section Include files
|
||
@cindex include files, during export
|
||
Include other files during export. For example, to include your @file{.emacs}
|
||
file, you could use:
|
||
@cindex #+INCLUDE
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" src emacs-lisp
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The first parameter is the file name to include. The optional second
|
||
parameter specifies the block type: @samp{example}, @samp{export} or
|
||
p@samp{src}). The option third parameter specifies the source code language
|
||
to use for formatting the contents. This is relevant to both @samp{export}
|
||
and @samp{src} block types.
|
||
|
||
If an include file is specified as having a markup language, Org neither
|
||
checks for valid syntax nor changes the contents in any way. For
|
||
@samp{example} and @samp{src} blocks, Org code-escapes the contents before
|
||
inclusion.
|
||
|
||
If an include file is not specified as having any markup language, Org
|
||
assumes it be in Org format and proceeds as usual with a few exceptions. Org
|
||
makes the footnote labels (@pxref{Footnotes}) in the included file local to
|
||
that file. The contents of the included file will belong to the same
|
||
structure---headline, item---containing the @code{INCLUDE} keyword. In
|
||
particular, headlines within the file will become children of the current
|
||
section. That behavior can be changed by providing an additional keyword
|
||
parameter, @code{:minlevel}. It shifts the headlines in the included file to
|
||
become the lowest level. For example, this syntax makes the included file
|
||
a sibling of the current top-level headline:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "~/my-book/chapter2.org" :minlevel 1
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Inclusion of only portions of files are specified using ranges parameter with
|
||
@code{:lines} keyword. The line at the upper end of the range will not be
|
||
included. The start and/or the end of the range may be omitted to use the
|
||
obvious defaults.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "5-10" @r{Include lines 5 to 10, 10 excluded}
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "-10" @r{Include lines 1 to 10, 10 excluded}
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "10-" @r{Include lines from 10 to EOF}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Inclusions may specify a file-link to extract an object matched by
|
||
@code{org-link-search}@footnote{Note that
|
||
@code{org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline} is locally bound to
|
||
non-@code{nil}. Therefore, @code{org-link-search} only matches headlines and
|
||
named elements.} (@pxref{Search options}).
|
||
|
||
To extract only the contents of the matched object, set @code{:only-contents}
|
||
property to non-@code{nil}. This will omit any planning lines or property
|
||
drawers. The ranges for @code{:lines} keyword are relative to the requested
|
||
element. Some examples:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::#theory" :only-contents t
|
||
@r{Include the body of the heading with the custom id @samp{theory}}
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::mytable" @r{Include named element.}
|
||
#+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::*conclusion" :lines 1-20
|
||
@r{Include the first 20 lines of the headline named @samp{conclusion}.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c '
|
||
@item C-c '
|
||
Visit the include file at point.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Macro replacement
|
||
@section Macro replacement
|
||
@cindex macro replacement, during export
|
||
@cindex #+MACRO
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-global-macros
|
||
Macros replace text snippets during export. Macros are defined globally in
|
||
@code{org-export-global-macros}, or document-wise with the following syntax:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+MACRO: name replacement text $1, $2 are arguments
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent which can be referenced using
|
||
@code{@{@{@{name(arg1, arg2)@}@}@}}@footnote{Since commas separate the
|
||
arguments, commas within arguments have to be escaped with the backslash
|
||
character. So only those backslash characters before a comma need escaping
|
||
with another backslash character.}.
|
||
|
||
Org recognizes macro references in following Org markup areas: paragraphs,
|
||
headlines, verse blocks, tables cells and lists. Org also recognizes macro
|
||
references in keywords, such as @code{#+CAPTION}, @code{#+TITLE},
|
||
@code{#+AUTHOR}, @code{#+DATE}, and for some back-end specific export
|
||
options.
|
||
|
||
Org comes with following pre-defined macros:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item @{@{@{title@}@}@}
|
||
@itemx @{@{@{author@}@}@}
|
||
@itemx @{@{@{email@}@}@}
|
||
@cindex title, macro
|
||
@cindex author, macro
|
||
@cindex email, macro
|
||
Org replaces these macro references with available information at the time of
|
||
export.
|
||
|
||
@item @{@{@{date@}@}@}
|
||
@itemx @{@{@{date(@var{FORMAT})@}@}@}
|
||
@cindex date, macro
|
||
This macro refers to the @code{#+DATE} keyword. @var{FORMAT} is an optional
|
||
argument to the @code{@{@{@{date@}@}@}} macro that will be used only if
|
||
@code{#+DATE} is a single timestamp. @var{FORMAT} should be a format string
|
||
understood by @code{format-time-string}.
|
||
|
||
@item @{@{@{time(@var{FORMAT})@}@}@}
|
||
@itemx @{@{@{modification-time(@var{FORMAT}, @var{VC})@}@}@}
|
||
@cindex time, macro
|
||
@cindex modification time, macro
|
||
These macros refer to the document's date and time of export and date and
|
||
time of modification. @var{FORMAT} is a string understood by
|
||
@code{format-time-string}. If the second argument to the
|
||
@code{modification-time} macro is non-@code{nil}, Org uses @file{vc.el} to
|
||
retrieve the document's modification time from the version control
|
||
system. Otherwise Org reads the file attributes.
|
||
|
||
@item @{@{@{input-file@}@}@}
|
||
@cindex input file, macro
|
||
This macro refers to the filename of the exported file.
|
||
|
||
@item @{@{@{property(@var{PROPERTY-NAME})@}@}@}
|
||
@itemx @{@{@{property(@var{PROPERTY-NAME},@var{SEARCH-OPTION})@}@}@}
|
||
@cindex property, macro
|
||
This macro returns the value of property @var{PROPERTY-NAME} in the current
|
||
entry. If @var{SEARCH-OPTION} (@pxref{Search options}) refers to a remote
|
||
entry, that will be used instead.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The surrounding brackets can be made invisible by setting
|
||
@code{org-hide-macro-markers} non-@code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
Org expands macros at the very beginning of the export process.
|
||
|
||
@node Comment lines
|
||
@section Comment lines
|
||
@cindex exporting, not
|
||
|
||
@cindex comment lines
|
||
Lines starting with zero or more whitespace characters followed by one
|
||
@samp{#} and a whitespace are treated as comments and, as such, are not
|
||
exported.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_COMMENT
|
||
Likewise, regions surrounded by @samp{#+BEGIN_COMMENT}
|
||
... @samp{#+END_COMMENT} are not exported.
|
||
|
||
@cindex comment trees
|
||
Finally, a @samp{COMMENT} keyword at the beginning of an entry, but after any
|
||
other keyword or priority cookie, comments out the entire subtree. In this
|
||
case, the subtree is not exported and no code block within it is executed
|
||
either@footnote{For a less drastic behavior, consider using a select tag
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}) instead.}. The command below helps changing the
|
||
comment status of a headline.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex C-c ;
|
||
@item C-c ;
|
||
Toggle the @samp{COMMENT} keyword at the beginning of an entry.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export
|
||
@section ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export
|
||
@cindex ASCII export
|
||
@cindex Latin-1 export
|
||
@cindex UTF-8 export
|
||
|
||
ASCII export produces an output file containing only plain ASCII characters.
|
||
This is the most simplest and direct text output. It does not contain any
|
||
Org markup either. Latin-1 and UTF-8 export use additional characters and
|
||
symbols available in these encoding standards. All three of these export
|
||
formats offer the most basic of text output for maximum portability.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-ascii-text-width
|
||
On export, Org fills and justifies text according to the text width set in
|
||
@code{org-ascii-text-width}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-ascii-links-to-notes
|
||
Org exports links using a footnote-like style where the descriptive part is
|
||
in the text and the link is in a note before the next heading. See the
|
||
variable @code{org-ascii-links-to-notes} for details.
|
||
|
||
@subheading ASCII export commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e t a/l/u,org-ascii-export-to-ascii}
|
||
Export as an ASCII file with a @file{.txt} extension. For @file{myfile.org},
|
||
Org exports to @file{myfile.txt}, overwriting without warning. For
|
||
@file{myfile.txt}, Org exports to @file{myfile.txt.txt} in order to prevent
|
||
data loss.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e t A/L/U,org-ascii-export-as-ascii}
|
||
Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subheading ASCII specific export settings
|
||
The ASCII export back-end has one extra keyword for customizing ASCII output.
|
||
Setting this keyword works similar to the general options (@pxref{Export
|
||
settings}).
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item SUBTITLE
|
||
@cindex #+SUBTITLE (ASCII)
|
||
The document subtitle. For long subtitles, use multiple @code{#+SUBTITLE}
|
||
lines in the Org file. Org prints them on one continuous line, wrapping into
|
||
multiple lines if necessary.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subheading Header and sectioning structure
|
||
|
||
Org converts the first three outline levels into headlines for ASCII export.
|
||
The remaining levels are turned into lists. To change this cut-off point
|
||
where levels become lists, @pxref{Export settings}.
|
||
|
||
@subheading Quoting ASCII text
|
||
|
||
To insert text within the Org file by the ASCII back-end, use one the
|
||
following constructs, inline, keyword, or export block:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ASCII
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii
|
||
@example
|
||
Inline text @@@@ascii:and additional text@@@@ within a paragraph.
|
||
|
||
#+ASCII: Some text
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii
|
||
Org exports text in this block only when using ASCII back-end.
|
||
#+END_EXPORT
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subheading ASCII specific attributes
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_ASCII
|
||
@cindex horizontal rules, in ASCII export
|
||
|
||
ASCII back-end recognizes only one attribute, @code{:width}, which specifies
|
||
the width of an horizontal rule in number of characters. The keyword and
|
||
syntax for specifying widths is:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ASCII: :width 10
|
||
-----
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subheading ASCII special blocks
|
||
@cindex special blocks, in ASCII export
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_JUSTIFYLEFT
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_JUSTIFYRIGHT
|
||
|
||
Besides @code{#+BEGIN_CENTER} blocks (@pxref{Paragraphs}), ASCII back-end has
|
||
these two left and right justification blocks:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_JUSTIFYLEFT
|
||
It's just a jump to the left...
|
||
#+END_JUSTIFYLEFT
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_JUSTIFYRIGHT
|
||
...and then a step to the right.
|
||
#+END_JUSTIFYRIGHT
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Beamer export
|
||
@section Beamer export
|
||
@cindex Beamer export
|
||
|
||
Org uses @emph{Beamer} export to convert an Org file tree structure into a
|
||
high-quality interactive slides for presentations. @emph{Beamer} is a
|
||
@LaTeX{} document class for creating presentations in PDF, HTML, and other
|
||
popular display formats.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Beamer export commands:: For creating Beamer documents.
|
||
* Beamer specific export settings:: For customizing Beamer export.
|
||
* Sectioning Frames and Blocks in Beamer:: For composing Beamer slides.
|
||
* Beamer specific syntax:: For using in Org documents.
|
||
* Editing support:: For using helper functions.
|
||
* A Beamer example:: A complete presentation.
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Beamer export commands
|
||
@subsection Beamer export commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e l b,org-beamer-export-to-latex}
|
||
Export as @LaTeX{} file with a @file{.tex} extension. For @file{myfile.org},
|
||
Org exports to @file{myfile.tex}, overwriting without warning.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e l B,org-beamer-export-as-latex}
|
||
Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e l P,org-beamer-export-to-pdf}
|
||
Export as @LaTeX{} file and then convert it to PDF format.
|
||
@item C-c C-e l O
|
||
Export as @LaTeX{} file, convert it to PDF format, and then open the PDF
|
||
file.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Beamer specific export settings
|
||
@subsection Beamer specific export settings
|
||
|
||
Beamer export back-end has several additional keywords for customizing Beamer
|
||
output. These keywords work similar to the general options settings
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item BEAMER_THEME
|
||
@cindex #+BEAMER_THEME
|
||
@vindex org-beamer-theme
|
||
The Beamer layout theme (@code{org-beamer-theme}). Use square brackets for
|
||
options. For example:
|
||
@smallexample
|
||
#+BEAMER_THEME: Rochester [height=20pt]
|
||
@end smallexample
|
||
|
||
@item BEAMER_FONT_THEME
|
||
@cindex #+BEAMER_FONT_THEME
|
||
The Beamer font theme.
|
||
|
||
@item BEAMER_INNER_THEME
|
||
@cindex #+BEAMER_INNER_THEME
|
||
The Beamer inner theme.
|
||
|
||
@item BEAMER_OUTER_THEME
|
||
@cindex #+BEAMER_OUTER_THEME
|
||
The Beamer outer theme.
|
||
|
||
@item BEAMER_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+BEAMER_HEADER
|
||
Arbitrary lines inserted in the preamble, just before the @samp{hyperref}
|
||
settings.
|
||
|
||
@item DESCRIPTION
|
||
@cindex #+DESCRIPTION (Beamer)
|
||
The document description. For long descriptions, use multiple
|
||
@code{#+DESCRIPTION} keywords. By default, @samp{hyperref} inserts
|
||
@code{#+DESCRIPTION} as metadata. Use @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} to
|
||
configure document metadata. Use @code{org-latex-title-command} to configure
|
||
typesetting of description as part of front matter.
|
||
|
||
@item KEYWORDS
|
||
@cindex #+KEYWORDS (Beamer)
|
||
The keywords for defining the contents of the document. Use multiple
|
||
@code{#+KEYWORDS} lines if necessary. By default, @samp{hyperref} inserts
|
||
@code{#+KEYWORDS} as metadata. Use @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} to
|
||
configure document metadata. Use @code{org-latex-title-command} to configure
|
||
typesetting of keywords as part of front matter.
|
||
|
||
@item SUBTITLE
|
||
@cindex #+SUBTITLE (Beamer)
|
||
@vindex org-beamer-subtitle-format
|
||
Document's subtitle. For typesetting, use @code{org-beamer-subtitle-format}
|
||
string. Use @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} to configure document
|
||
metadata. Use @code{org-latex-title-command} to configure typesetting of
|
||
subtitle as part of front matter.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Sectioning Frames and Blocks in Beamer
|
||
@subsection Sectioning, Frames and Blocks in Beamer
|
||
|
||
Org transforms heading levels into Beamer's sectioning elements, frames and
|
||
blocks. Any Org tree with a not-too-deep-level nesting should in principle
|
||
be exportable as a Beamer presentation.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-beamer-frame-level
|
||
Org headlines become Beamer frames when the heading level in Org is equal to
|
||
@code{org-beamer-frame-level} or @code{H} value in an @code{OPTIONS} line
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, BEAMER_ENV
|
||
Org overrides headlines to frames conversion for the current tree of an Org
|
||
file if it encounters the @code{BEAMER_ENV} property set to @code{frame} or
|
||
@code{fullframe}. Org ignores whatever @code{org-beamer-frame-level} happens
|
||
to be for that headline level in the Org tree. In Beamer terminology, a
|
||
@code{fullframe} is a frame without its title.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-beamer-environments-default
|
||
@vindex org-beamer-environments-extra
|
||
Org exports a Beamer frame's objects as @code{block} environments. Org can
|
||
enforce wrapping in special block types when @code{BEAMER_ENV} property is
|
||
set@footnote{If @code{BEAMER_ENV} is set, Org export adds
|
||
@code{:B_environment:} tag to make it visible. The tag serves as a visual
|
||
aid and has no semantic relevance.}. For valid values see
|
||
@code{org-beamer-environments-default}. To add more values, see
|
||
@code{org-beamer-environments-extra}.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@cindex property, BEAMER_REF
|
||
If @code{BEAMER_ENV} is set to @code{appendix}, Org exports the entry as an
|
||
appendix. When set to @code{note}, Org exports the entry as a note within
|
||
the frame or between frames, depending on the entry's heading level. When
|
||
set to @code{noteNH}, Org exports the entry as a note without its title.
|
||
When set to @code{againframe}, Org exports the entry with @code{\againframe}
|
||
command, which makes setting the @code{BEAMER_REF} property mandatory because
|
||
@code{\againframe} needs frame to resume.
|
||
|
||
When @code{ignoreheading} is set, Org export ignores the entry's headline but
|
||
not its content. This is useful for inserting content between frames. It is
|
||
also useful for properly closing a @code{column} environment.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, BEAMER_ACT
|
||
@cindex property, BEAMER_OPT
|
||
When @code{BEAMER_ACT} is set for a headline, Org export translates that
|
||
headline as an overlay or action specification. When enclosed in square
|
||
brackets, Org export makes the overlay specification a default. Use
|
||
@code{BEAMER_OPT} to set any options applicable to the current Beamer frame
|
||
or block. The Beamer export back-end wraps with appropriate angular or
|
||
square brackets. It also adds the @code{fragile} option for any code that may
|
||
require a verbatim block.
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, BEAMER_COL
|
||
To create a column on the Beamer slide, use the @code{BEAMER_COL} property
|
||
for its headline in the Org file. Set the value of @code{BEAMER_COL} to a
|
||
decimal number representing the fraction of the total text width. Beamer
|
||
export uses this value to set the column's width and fills the column with
|
||
the contents of the Org entry. If the Org entry has no specific environment
|
||
defined, Beamer export ignores the heading. If the Org entry has a defined
|
||
environment, Beamer export uses the heading as title. Behind the scenes,
|
||
Beamer export automatically handles @LaTeX{} column separations for
|
||
contiguous headlines. To manually adjust them for any unique configurations
|
||
needs, use the @code{BEAMER_ENV} property.
|
||
|
||
@node Beamer specific syntax
|
||
@subsection Beamer specific syntax
|
||
Since Org's Beamer export back-end is an extension of the @LaTeX{} back-end,
|
||
it recognizes other @LaTeX{} specific syntax---for example, @samp{#+LATEX:}
|
||
or @samp{#+ATTR_LATEX:}. @xref{@LaTeX{} export}, for details.
|
||
|
||
Beamer export wraps the table of contents generated with @code{toc:t}
|
||
@code{OPTION} keyword in a @code{frame} environment. Beamer export does not
|
||
wrap the table of contents generated with @code{TOC} keyword (@pxref{Table of
|
||
contents}). Use square brackets for specifying options.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TOC: headlines [currentsection]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Insert Beamer-specific code using the following constructs:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEAMER
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXPORT beamer
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEAMER: \pause
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT beamer
|
||
Only Beamer export back-end will export this line.
|
||
#+END_BEAMER
|
||
|
||
Text @@@@beamer:some code@@@@ within a paragraph.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Inline constructs, such as the last one above, are useful for adding overlay
|
||
specifications to objects with @code{bold}, @code{item}, @code{link},
|
||
@code{radio-target} and @code{target} types. Enclose the value in angular
|
||
brackets and place the specification at the beginning the object as shown in
|
||
this example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
A *@@@@beamer:<2->@@@@useful* feature
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_BEAMER
|
||
Beamer export recognizes the @code{ATTR_BEAMER} keyword with the following
|
||
attributes from Beamer configurations: @code{:environment} for changing local
|
||
Beamer environment, @code{:overlay} for specifying Beamer overlays in angular
|
||
or square brackets, and @code{:options} for inserting optional arguments.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_BEAMER: :environment nonindentlist
|
||
- item 1, not indented
|
||
- item 2, not indented
|
||
- item 3, not indented
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_BEAMER: :overlay <+->
|
||
- item 1
|
||
- item 2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_BEAMER: :options [Lagrange]
|
||
Let $G$ be a finite group, and let $H$ be
|
||
a subgroup of $G$. Then the order of $H$ divides the order of $G$.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Editing support
|
||
@subsection Editing support
|
||
|
||
|
||
The @code{org-beamer-mode} is a special minor mode for faster editing of
|
||
Beamer documents.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: beamer
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-b,org-beamer-select-environment}
|
||
The @code{org-beamer-mode} provides this key for quicker selections in Beamer
|
||
normal environments, and for selecting the @code{BEAMER_COL} property.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node A Beamer example
|
||
@subsection A Beamer example
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of an Org document ready for Beamer export.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TITLE: Example Presentation
|
||
#+AUTHOR: Carsten Dominik
|
||
#+OPTIONS: H:2 toc:t num:t
|
||
#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer
|
||
#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
|
||
#+BEAMER_THEME: Madrid
|
||
#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_ENV(Env) %10BEAMER_ACT(Act) %4BEAMER_COL(Col) %8BEAMER_OPT(Opt)
|
||
|
||
* This is the first structural section
|
||
|
||
** Frame 1
|
||
*** Thanks to Eric Fraga :B_block:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_COL: 0.48
|
||
:BEAMER_ENV: block
|
||
:END:
|
||
for the first viable Beamer setup in Org
|
||
*** Thanks to everyone else :B_block:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_COL: 0.48
|
||
:BEAMER_ACT: <2->
|
||
:BEAMER_ENV: block
|
||
:END:
|
||
for contributing to the discussion
|
||
**** This will be formatted as a beamer note :B_note:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:BEAMER_env: note
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Frame 2 (where we will not use columns)
|
||
*** Request
|
||
Please test this stuff!
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node HTML export
|
||
@section HTML export
|
||
@cindex HTML export
|
||
|
||
Org mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting compatible
|
||
with XHTML 1.0 strict standard.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* HTML Export commands:: Invoking HTML export
|
||
* HTML Specific export settings:: Settings for HTML export
|
||
* HTML doctypes:: Exporting various (X)HTML flavors
|
||
* HTML preamble and postamble:: Inserting preamble and postamble
|
||
* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org files
|
||
* Links in HTML export:: Interpreting and formatting links
|
||
* Tables in HTML export:: Formatting and modifying tables
|
||
* Images in HTML export:: Inserting figures with HTML output
|
||
* Math formatting in HTML export:: Handling math equations
|
||
* Text areas in HTML export:: Showing an alternate approach, an example
|
||
* CSS support:: Styling HTML output
|
||
* JavaScript support:: Folding scripting in the web browser
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node HTML Export commands
|
||
@subsection HTML export commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e h h,org-html-export-to-html}
|
||
Export as HTML file with a @file{.html} extension. For @file{myfile.org},
|
||
Org exports to @file{myfile.html}, overwriting without warning. @kbd{C-c C-e
|
||
h o} Exports to HTML and opens it in a web browser.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e h H,org-html-export-as-html}
|
||
Exports to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node HTML Specific export settings
|
||
@subsection HTML Specific export settings
|
||
HTML export has a number of keywords, similar to the general options settings
|
||
described in @ref{Export settings}.
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item DESCRIPTION
|
||
@cindex #+DESCRIPTION (HTML)
|
||
This is the document's description, which the HTML exporter inserts it as a
|
||
HTML meta tag in the HTML file. For long descriptions, use multiple
|
||
@code{#+DESCRIPTION} lines. The exporter takes care of wrapping the lines
|
||
properly.
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_DOCTYPE
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_DOCTYPE
|
||
@vindex org-html-doctype
|
||
Specify the document type, for example: HTML5 (@code{org-html-doctype}).
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_CONTAINER
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_CONTAINER
|
||
@vindex org-html-container-element
|
||
Specify the HTML container, such as @samp{div}, for wrapping sections and
|
||
elements (@code{org-html-container-element}).
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_LINK_HOME
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_LINK_HOME
|
||
@vindex org-html-link-home
|
||
The URL for home link (@code{org-html-link-home}).
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_LINK_UP
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_LINK_UP
|
||
@vindex org-html-link-up
|
||
The URL for the up link of exported HTML pages (@code{org-html-link-up}).
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_MATHJAX
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_MATHJAX
|
||
@vindex org-html-mathjax-options
|
||
Options for MathJax (@code{org-html-mathjax-options}). MathJax is used to
|
||
typeset @LaTeX{} math in HTML documents. @xref{Math formatting in HTML
|
||
export}, for an example.
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_HEAD
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_HEAD
|
||
@vindex org-html-head
|
||
Arbitrary lines for appending to the HTML document's head
|
||
(@code{org-html-head}).
|
||
|
||
@item HTML_HEAD_EXTRA
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA
|
||
@vindex org-html-head-extra
|
||
More arbitrary lines for appending to the HTML document's head
|
||
(@code{org-html-head-extra}).
|
||
|
||
@item KEYWORDS
|
||
@cindex #+KEYWORDS (HTML)
|
||
Keywords to describe the document's content. HTML exporter inserts these
|
||
keywords as HTML meta tags. For long keywords, use multiple
|
||
@code{#+KEYWORDS} lines.
|
||
|
||
@item LATEX_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_HEADER (HTML)
|
||
Arbitrary lines for appending to the preamble; HTML exporter appends when
|
||
transcoding @LaTeX{} fragments to images (@pxref{Math formatting in HTML
|
||
export}).
|
||
|
||
@item SUBTITLE
|
||
@cindex #+SUBTILE (HTML)
|
||
The document's subtitle. HTML exporter formats subtitle if document type is
|
||
@samp{HTML5} and the CSS has a @samp{subtitle} class.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Some of these keywords are explained in more detail in the following sections
|
||
of the manual.
|
||
|
||
@node HTML doctypes
|
||
@subsection HTML doctypes
|
||
|
||
Org can export to various (X)HTML flavors.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-doctype
|
||
@vindex org-html-doctype-alist
|
||
Set the @code{org-html-doctype} variable for different (X)HTML variants.
|
||
Depending on the variant, the HTML exporter adjusts the syntax of HTML
|
||
conversion accordingly. Org includes the following ready-made variants:
|
||
|
||
@itemize
|
||
@item
|
||
``html4-strict''
|
||
@item
|
||
``html4-transitional''
|
||
@item
|
||
``html4-frameset''
|
||
@item
|
||
``xhtml-strict''
|
||
@item
|
||
``xhtml-transitional''
|
||
@item
|
||
``xhtml-frameset''
|
||
@item
|
||
``xhtml-11''
|
||
@item
|
||
``html5''
|
||
@item
|
||
``xhtml5''
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@noindent See the variable @code{org-html-doctype-alist} for details.
|
||
The default is ``xhtml-strict''.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-html5-fancy
|
||
@cindex HTML5, export new elements
|
||
Org's HTML exporter does not by default enable new block elements introduced
|
||
with the HTML5 standard. To enable them, set @code{org-html-html5-fancy} to
|
||
non-@code{nil}. Or use an @code{OPTIONS} line in the file to set
|
||
@code{html5-fancy}. HTML5 documents can now have arbitrary #+BEGIN and #+END
|
||
blocks. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_aside
|
||
Lorem ipsum
|
||
#+END_aside
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Will export to:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
<aside>
|
||
<p>Lorem ipsum</p>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
While this:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :controls controls :width 350
|
||
#+BEGIN_video
|
||
#+HTML: <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
|
||
#+HTML: <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
|
||
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
||
#+END_video
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Exports to:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
<video controls="controls" width="350">
|
||
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
|
||
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
|
||
<p>Your browser does not support the video tag.</p>
|
||
</video>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-html5-elements
|
||
When special blocks do not have a corresponding HTML5 element, the HTML
|
||
exporter reverts to standard translation (see
|
||
@code{org-html-html5-elements}). For example, @code{#+BEGIN_lederhosen}
|
||
exports to @samp{<div class="lederhosen">}.
|
||
|
||
Special blocks cannot have headlines. For the HTML exporter to wrap the
|
||
headline and its contents in @samp{<section>} or @samp{<article>} tags, set
|
||
the @code{HTML_CONTAINER} property for the headline.
|
||
|
||
@node HTML preamble and postamble
|
||
@subsection HTML preamble and postamble
|
||
@vindex org-html-preamble
|
||
@vindex org-html-postamble
|
||
@vindex org-html-preamble-format
|
||
@vindex org-html-postamble-format
|
||
@vindex org-html-validation-link
|
||
@vindex org-export-creator-string
|
||
@vindex org-export-time-stamp-file
|
||
|
||
The HTML exporter has delineations for preamble and postamble. The default
|
||
value for @code{org-html-preamble} is @code{t}, which makes the HTML exporter
|
||
insert the preamble. See the variable @code{org-html-preamble-format} for
|
||
the format string.
|
||
|
||
Set @code{org-html-preamble} to a string to override the default format
|
||
string. If the string is a function, the HTML exporter expects the function
|
||
to return a string upon execution. The HTML exporter inserts this string in
|
||
the preamble. The HTML exporter will not insert a preamble if
|
||
@code{org-html-preamble} is set @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
The default value for @code{org-html-postamble} is @code{auto}, which makes
|
||
the HTML exporter build a postamble from looking up author's name, email
|
||
address, creator's name, and date. Set @code{org-html-postamble} to @code{t}
|
||
to insert the postamble in the format specified in the
|
||
@code{org-html-postamble-format} variable. The HTML exporter will not insert
|
||
a postamble if @code{org-html-postamble} is set to @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
@node Quoting HTML tags
|
||
@subsection Quoting HTML tags
|
||
|
||
The HTML export back-end transforms @samp{<} and @samp{>} to @samp{<} and
|
||
@samp{>}. To include raw HTML code in the Org file so the HTML export
|
||
back-end can insert that HTML code in the output, use this inline syntax:
|
||
@samp{@@@@html:}. For example: @samp{@@@@html:<b>@@@@bold
|
||
text@@@@html:</b>@@@@}. For larger raw HTML code blocks, use these HTML
|
||
export code blocks:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+HTML
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXPORT html
|
||
@example
|
||
#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent or
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXPORT html
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT html
|
||
All lines between these markers are exported literally
|
||
#+END_EXPORT
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Links in HTML export
|
||
@subsection Links in HTML export
|
||
|
||
@cindex links, in HTML export
|
||
@cindex internal links, in HTML export
|
||
@cindex external links, in HTML export
|
||
@vindex org-html-link-org-files-as-html
|
||
The HTML export back-end transforms Org's internal links (@pxref{Internal
|
||
links}) to equivalent HTML links in the output. The back-end similarly
|
||
handles Org's automatic links created by radio targets (@pxref{Radio
|
||
targets}) similarly. For Org links to external files, the back-end
|
||
transforms the links to @emph{relative} paths.
|
||
|
||
For Org links to other @file{.org} files, the back-end automatically changes
|
||
the file extension to @file{.html} and makes file paths relative. If the
|
||
@file{.org} files have an equivalent @file{.html} version at the same
|
||
location, then the converted links should work without any further manual
|
||
intervention. However, to disable this automatic path translation, set
|
||
@code{org-html-link-org-files-as-html} to @code{nil}. When disabled, the
|
||
HTML export back-end substitutes the @samp{id:}-based links in the HTML
|
||
output. For more about linking files when publishing to a directory,
|
||
@pxref{Publishing links}.
|
||
|
||
Org files can also have special directives to the HTML export back-end. For
|
||
example, by using @code{#+ATTR_HTML} lines to specify new format attributes
|
||
to @code{<a>} or @code{<img>} tags. This example shows changing the link's
|
||
@code{title} and @code{style}:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_HTML
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :title The Org mode homepage :style color:red;
|
||
[[http://orgmode.org]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Tables in HTML export
|
||
@subsection Tables in HTML export
|
||
@cindex tables, in HTML
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-default-attributes
|
||
|
||
The HTML export back-end uses @code{org-html-table-default-attributes} when
|
||
exporting Org tables to HTML. By default, the exporter does not draw frames
|
||
and cell borders. To change for this for a table, use the following lines
|
||
before the table in the Org file:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+CAPTION
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_HTML
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CAPTION: This is a table with lines around and between cells
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :border 2 :rules all :frame border
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The HTML export back-end preserves column groupings in Org tables
|
||
(@pxref{Column groups}) when exporting to HTML.
|
||
|
||
Additional options for customizing tables for HTML export.
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-align-individual-fields
|
||
@item org-html-table-align-individual-fields
|
||
Non-@code{nil} attaches style attributes for alignment to each table field.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-caption-above
|
||
@item org-html-table-caption-above
|
||
Non-@code{nil} places caption string at the beginning of the table.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-data-tags
|
||
@item org-html-table-data-tags
|
||
Opening and ending tags for table data fields.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-default-attributes
|
||
@item org-html-table-default-attributes
|
||
Default attributes and values for table tags.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-header-tags
|
||
@item org-html-table-header-tags
|
||
Opening and ending tags for table's header fields.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-row-tags
|
||
@item org-html-table-row-tags
|
||
Opening and ending tags for table rows.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column
|
||
@item org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column
|
||
Non-@code{nil} formats column one in tables with header tags.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Images in HTML export
|
||
@subsection Images in HTML export
|
||
|
||
@cindex images, inline in HTML
|
||
@cindex inlining images in HTML
|
||
@vindex org-html-inline-images
|
||
|
||
The HTML export back-end has features to convert Org image links to HTML
|
||
inline images and HTML clickable image links.
|
||
|
||
When the link in the Org file has no description, the HTML export back-end by
|
||
default in-lines that image. For example: @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg]]} is
|
||
in-lined, while @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg][the image]]} links to the text,
|
||
@samp{the image}.
|
||
|
||
For more details, see the variable @code{org-html-inline-images}.
|
||
|
||
On the other hand, if the description part of the Org link is itself another
|
||
link, such as @code{file:} or @code{http:} URL pointing to an image, the HTML
|
||
export back-end in-lines this image and links to the main image. This Org
|
||
syntax enables the back-end to link low-resolution thumbnail to the
|
||
high-resolution version of the image, as shown in this example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To change attributes of in-lined images, use @code{#+ATTR_HTML} lines in the
|
||
Org file. This example shows realignment to right, and adds @code{alt} and
|
||
@code{title} attributes in support of text viewers and modern web accessibility
|
||
standards.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+CAPTION
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_HTML
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CAPTION: A black cat stalking a spider
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :alt cat/spider image :title Action! :align right
|
||
[[./img/a.jpg]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The HTML export back-end copies the @code{http} links from the Org file as
|
||
is.
|
||
|
||
@node Math formatting in HTML export
|
||
@subsection Math formatting in HTML export
|
||
@cindex MathJax
|
||
@cindex dvipng
|
||
@cindex dvisvgm
|
||
@cindex imagemagick
|
||
|
||
@LaTeX{} math snippets (@pxref{@LaTeX{} fragments}) can be displayed in two
|
||
different ways on HTML pages. The default is to use
|
||
@uref{http://www.mathjax.org, MathJax} which should work out of the box with
|
||
Org@footnote{By default Org loads MathJax from @uref{https://cdnjs.com, cdnjs.com} as
|
||
recommended by @uref{http://www.mathjax.org, MathJax}.}. Some MathJax display
|
||
options can be configured via @code{org-html-mathjax-options}, or in the
|
||
buffer. For example, with the following settings,
|
||
@smallexample
|
||
#+HTML_MATHJAX: align: left indent: 5em tagside: left font: Neo-Euler
|
||
@end smallexample
|
||
equation labels will be displayed on the left marign and equations will be
|
||
five ems from the left margin.
|
||
|
||
@noindent See the docstring of
|
||
@code{org-html-mathjax-options} for all supported variables. The MathJax
|
||
template can be configure via @code{org-html-mathjax-template}.
|
||
|
||
If you prefer, you can also request that @LaTeX{} fragments are processed
|
||
into small images that will be inserted into the browser page. Before the
|
||
availability of MathJax, this was the default method for Org files. This
|
||
method requires that the @file{dvipng} program, @file{dvisvgm} or
|
||
@file{imagemagick} suite is available on your system. You can still get
|
||
this processing with
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
or:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:imagemagick
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Text areas in HTML export
|
||
@subsection Text areas in HTML export
|
||
|
||
@cindex text areas, in HTML
|
||
Before Org mode's Babel, one popular approach to publishing code in HTML was
|
||
by using @code{:textarea}. The advantage of this approach was that copying
|
||
and pasting was built into browsers with simple JavaScript commands. Even
|
||
editing before pasting was made simple.
|
||
|
||
The HTML export back-end can create such text areas. It requires an
|
||
@code{#+ATTR_HTML:} line as shown in the example below with the
|
||
@code{:textarea} option. This must be followed by either an
|
||
@code{example} or a @code{src} code block. Other Org block types will not
|
||
honor the @code{:textarea} option.
|
||
|
||
By default, the HTML export back-end creates a text area 80 characters wide
|
||
and height just enough to fit the content. Override these defaults with
|
||
@code{:width} and @code{:height} options on the @code{#+ATTR_HTML:} line.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :textarea t :width 40
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
||
(defun org-xor (a b)
|
||
"Exclusive or."
|
||
(if a (not b) b))
|
||
#+END_EXAMPLE
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node CSS support
|
||
@subsection CSS support
|
||
@cindex CSS, for HTML export
|
||
@cindex HTML export, CSS
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix
|
||
@vindex org-html-tag-class-prefix
|
||
You can modify the CSS style definitions for the exported file. The HTML
|
||
exporter assigns the following special CSS classes@footnote{If the classes on
|
||
TODO keywords and tags lead to conflicts, use the variables
|
||
@code{org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix} and @code{org-html-tag-class-prefix} to
|
||
make them unique.} to appropriate parts of the document---your style
|
||
specifications may change these, in addition to any of the standard classes
|
||
like for headlines, tables, etc.
|
||
@example
|
||
p.author @r{author information, including email}
|
||
p.date @r{publishing date}
|
||
p.creator @r{creator info, about org mode version}
|
||
.title @r{document title}
|
||
.subtitle @r{document subtitle}
|
||
.todo @r{TODO keywords, all not-done states}
|
||
.done @r{the DONE keywords, all states that count as done}
|
||
.WAITING @r{each TODO keyword also uses a class named after itself}
|
||
.timestamp @r{timestamp}
|
||
.timestamp-kwd @r{keyword associated with a timestamp, like SCHEDULED}
|
||
.timestamp-wrapper @r{span around keyword plus timestamp}
|
||
.tag @r{tag in a headline}
|
||
._HOME @r{each tag uses itself as a class, "@@" replaced by "_"}
|
||
.target @r{target for links}
|
||
.linenr @r{the line number in a code example}
|
||
.code-highlighted @r{for highlighting referenced code lines}
|
||
div.outline-N @r{div for outline level N (headline plus text))}
|
||
div.outline-text-N @r{extra div for text at outline level N}
|
||
.section-number-N @r{section number in headlines, different for each level}
|
||
.figure-number @r{label like "Figure 1:"}
|
||
.table-number @r{label like "Table 1:"}
|
||
.listing-number @r{label like "Listing 1:"}
|
||
div.figure @r{how to format an in-lined image}
|
||
pre.src @r{formatted source code}
|
||
pre.example @r{normal example}
|
||
p.verse @r{verse paragraph}
|
||
div.footnotes @r{footnote section headline}
|
||
p.footnote @r{footnote definition paragraph, containing a footnote}
|
||
.footref @r{a footnote reference number (always a <sup>)}
|
||
.footnum @r{footnote number in footnote definition (always <sup>)}
|
||
.org-svg @r{default class for a linked @file{.svg} image}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-html-style-default
|
||
@vindex org-html-head-include-default-style
|
||
@vindex org-html-head
|
||
@vindex org-html-head-extra
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_INCLUDE_STYLE
|
||
The HTML export back-end includes a compact default style in each exported
|
||
HTML file. To override the default style with another style, use these
|
||
keywords in the Org file. They will replace the global defaults the HTML
|
||
exporter uses.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_HEAD
|
||
@cindex #+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA
|
||
@example
|
||
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style1.css" />
|
||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style2.css" />
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To just turn off the default style, customize
|
||
@code{org-html-head-include-default-style} variable, or use this option line in
|
||
the Org file.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: html-style:nil
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
For longer style definitions, either use several @code{#+HTML_HEAD} and
|
||
@code{#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA} lines, or use @code{<style>} @code{</style>} blocks
|
||
around them. Both of these approaches can avoid referring to an external
|
||
file.
|
||
|
||
In order to add styles to a sub-tree, use the @code{:HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS:}
|
||
property to assign a class to the tree. In order to specify CSS styles for a
|
||
particular headline, you can use the id specified in a @code{:CUSTOM_ID:}
|
||
property.
|
||
|
||
Never change the @code{org-html-style-default} constant. Instead use other
|
||
simpler ways of customizing as described above.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@c FIXME: More about header and footer styles
|
||
@c FIXME: Talk about links and targets.
|
||
|
||
@node JavaScript support
|
||
@subsection JavaScript supported display of web pages
|
||
|
||
@cindex Rose, Sebastian
|
||
Sebastian Rose has written a JavaScript program especially designed to
|
||
enhance the web viewing experience of HTML files created with Org. This
|
||
program enhances large files in two different ways of viewing. One is an
|
||
@emph{Info}-like mode where each section is displayed separately and
|
||
navigation can be done with the @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} keys (and some other keys
|
||
as well, press @kbd{?} for an overview of the available keys). The second
|
||
one has a @emph{folding} view, much like Org provides inside Emacs. The
|
||
script is available at @url{http://orgmode.org/org-info.js} and the
|
||
documentation at @url{http://orgmode.org/worg/code/org-info-js/}. The script
|
||
is hosted on @url{http://orgmode.org}, but for reliability, prefer installing
|
||
it on your own web server.
|
||
|
||
To use this program, just add this line to the Org file:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+INFOJS_OPT
|
||
@example
|
||
#+INFOJS_OPT: view:info toc:nil
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The HTML header now has the code needed to automatically invoke the script.
|
||
For setting options, use the syntax from the above line for options described
|
||
below:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
path: @r{The path to the script. The default grabs the script from}
|
||
@r{@url{http://orgmode.org/org-info.js}, but you might want to have}
|
||
@r{a local copy and use a path like @samp{../scripts/org-info.js}.}
|
||
view: @r{Initial view when the website is first shown. Possible values are:}
|
||
info @r{Info-like interface with one section per page.}
|
||
overview @r{Folding interface, initially showing only top-level.}
|
||
content @r{Folding interface, starting with all headlines visible.}
|
||
showall @r{Folding interface, all headlines and text visible.}
|
||
sdepth: @r{Maximum headline level that will still become an independent}
|
||
@r{section for info and folding modes. The default is taken from}
|
||
@r{@code{org-export-headline-levels} (= the @code{H} switch in @code{#+OPTIONS}).}
|
||
@r{If this is smaller than in @code{org-export-headline-levels}, each}
|
||
@r{info/folding section can still contain child headlines.}
|
||
toc: @r{Should the table of contents @emph{initially} be visible?}
|
||
@r{Even when @code{nil}, you can always get to the "toc" with @kbd{i}.}
|
||
tdepth: @r{The depth of the table of contents. The defaults are taken from}
|
||
@r{the variables @code{org-export-headline-levels} and @code{org-export-with-toc}.}
|
||
ftoc: @r{Does the CSS of the page specify a fixed position for the "toc"?}
|
||
@r{If yes, the toc will never be displayed as a section.}
|
||
ltoc: @r{Should there be short contents (children) in each section?}
|
||
@r{Make this @code{above} if the section should be above initial text.}
|
||
mouse: @r{Headings are highlighted when the mouse is over them. Should be}
|
||
@r{@samp{underline} (default) or a background color like @samp{#cccccc}.}
|
||
buttons: @r{Should view-toggle buttons be everywhere? When @code{nil} (the}
|
||
@r{default), only one such button will be present.}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-html-infojs-options
|
||
@vindex org-html-use-infojs
|
||
You can choose default values for these options by customizing the variable
|
||
@code{org-html-infojs-options}. If you want the script to always apply to
|
||
your pages, configure the variable @code{org-html-use-infojs}.
|
||
|
||
@node @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@section @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex PDF export
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end can handle complex documents, incorporate
|
||
standard or custom @LaTeX{} document classes, generate documents using
|
||
alternate @LaTeX{} engines, and produce fully linked PDF files with indexes,
|
||
bibliographies, and tables of contents, destined for interactive online
|
||
viewing or high-quality print publication.
|
||
|
||
While the details are covered in-depth in this section, here are some quick
|
||
references to variables for the impatient: for engines, see
|
||
@code{org-latex-compiler}; for build sequences, see
|
||
@code{org-latex-pdf-process}; for packages, see
|
||
@code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} and @code{org-latex-packages-alist}.
|
||
|
||
An important note about the @LaTeX{} export back-end: it is sensitive to
|
||
blank lines in the Org document. That's because @LaTeX{} itself depends on
|
||
blank lines to tell apart syntactical elements, such as paragraphs.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* @LaTeX{} export commands:: For producing @LaTeX{} and PDF documents.
|
||
* @LaTeX{} specific export settings:: Unique to this @LaTeX{} back-end.
|
||
* @LaTeX{} header and sectioning:: For file structure.
|
||
* Quoting @LaTeX{} code:: Directly in the Org document.
|
||
* Tables in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to tables.
|
||
* Images in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to images.
|
||
* Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to lists.
|
||
* Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to source code blocks.
|
||
* Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to example blocks.
|
||
* Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to special blocks.
|
||
* Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to horizontal rules.
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node @LaTeX{} export commands
|
||
@subsection @LaTeX{} export commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e l l,org-latex-export-to-latex}
|
||
Export as @LaTeX{} file with a @file{.tex} extension. For @file{myfile.org},
|
||
Org exports to @file{myfile.tex}, overwriting without warning. @kbd{C-c C-e
|
||
l l} Exports to @LaTeX{} file.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e l L,org-latex-export-as-latex}
|
||
Export to a temporary buffer. Do not create a file.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e l p,org-latex-export-to-pdf}
|
||
Export as @LaTeX{} file and convert it to PDF file.
|
||
@item C-c C-e l o
|
||
Export as @LaTeX{} file and convert it to PDF, then open the PDF using the default viewer.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-latex-compiler
|
||
@vindex org-latex-bibtex-compiler
|
||
@vindex org-latex-default-packages-alist
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end can use any of these @LaTeX{} engines:
|
||
@samp{pdflatex}, @samp{xelatex}, and @samp{lualatex}. These engines compile
|
||
@LaTeX{} files with different compilers, packages, and output options. The
|
||
@LaTeX{} export back-end finds the compiler version to use from
|
||
@code{org-latex-compiler} variable or the @code{#+LATEX_COMPILER} keyword in
|
||
the Org file. See the docstring for the
|
||
@code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} for loading packages with certain
|
||
compilers. Also see @code{org-latex-bibtex-compiler} to set the bibliography
|
||
compiler@footnote{This does not allow setting different bibliography
|
||
compilers for different files. However, ``smart'' @LaTeX{} compilation
|
||
systems, such as @samp{latexmk}, can select the correct bibliography
|
||
compiler.}.
|
||
|
||
@node @LaTeX{} specific export settings
|
||
@subsection @LaTeX{} specific export settings
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end has several additional keywords for customizing
|
||
@LaTeX{} output. Setting these keywords works similar to the general options
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item DESCRIPTION
|
||
@cindex #+DESCRIPTION (@LaTeX{})
|
||
The document's description. The description along with author name,
|
||
keywords, and related file metadata are inserted in the output file by the
|
||
@samp{hyperref} package. See @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} for
|
||
customizing metadata items. See @code{org-latex-title-command} for
|
||
typesetting description into the document's front matter. Use multiple
|
||
@code{#+DESCRIPTION} lines for long descriptions.
|
||
|
||
@item LATEX_CLASS
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_CLASS
|
||
@vindex org-latex-default-class
|
||
@vindex org-latex-classes
|
||
This is @LaTeX{} document class, such as @code{article}, @code{report},
|
||
@code{book}, and so on, which contain predefined preamble and headline level
|
||
mapping that the @LaTeX{} export back-end needs. The back-end reads the
|
||
default class name from the @code{org-latex-default-class} variable. Org has
|
||
@code{article} as the default class. A valid default class must be an
|
||
element of @code{org-latex-classes}.
|
||
|
||
@item LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS
|
||
Options the @LaTeX{} export back-end uses when calling the @LaTeX{} document
|
||
class.
|
||
|
||
@item LATEX_COMPILER
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_COMPILER
|
||
@vindex org-latex-compiler
|
||
The compiler, such as @samp{pdflatex}, @samp{xelatex}, @samp{lualatex}, for
|
||
producing the PDF (@code{org-latex-compiler}).
|
||
|
||
@item LATEX_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_HEADER
|
||
@vindex org-latex-classes
|
||
Arbitrary lines to add to the document's preamble, before the @samp{hyperref}
|
||
settings. See @code{org-latex-classes} for adjusting the structure and order
|
||
of the @LaTeX{} headers.
|
||
|
||
@item LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA
|
||
@vindex org-latex-classes
|
||
Arbitrary lines to add to the document's preamble, before the @samp{hyperref}
|
||
settings. See @code{org-latex-classes} for adjusting the structure and order
|
||
of the @LaTeX{} headers.
|
||
|
||
@item KEYWORDS
|
||
@cindex #+KEYWORDS (@LaTeX{})
|
||
The keywords for the document. The description along with author name,
|
||
keywords, and related file metadata are inserted in the output file by the
|
||
@samp{hyperref} package. See @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} for
|
||
customizing metadata items. See @code{org-latex-title-command} for
|
||
typesetting description into the document's front matter. Use multiple
|
||
@code{#+KEYWORDS} lines if necessary.
|
||
|
||
@item SUBTITLE
|
||
@cindex #+SUBTITLE (@LaTeX{})
|
||
@vindex org-latex-subtitle-separate
|
||
@vindex org-latex-subtitle-format
|
||
The document's subtitle. It is typeset as per
|
||
@code{org-latex-subtitle-format}. If @code{org-latex-subtitle-separate} is
|
||
non-@code{nil}, it is typed as part of the @samp{\title}-macro. See
|
||
@code{org-latex-hyperref-template} for customizing metadata items. See
|
||
@code{org-latex-title-command} for typesetting description into the
|
||
document's front matter.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The following sections have further details.
|
||
|
||
@node @LaTeX{} header and sectioning
|
||
@subsection @LaTeX{} header and sectioning structure
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} class
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} sectioning structure
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{} header
|
||
@cindex header, for @LaTeX{} files
|
||
@cindex sectioning structure, for @LaTeX{} export
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end converts the first three of Org's outline levels
|
||
into @LaTeX{} headlines. The remaining Org levels are exported as
|
||
@code{itemize} or @code{enumerate} lists. To change this globally for the
|
||
cut-off point between levels and lists, (@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
By default, the @LaTeX{} export back-end uses the @code{article} class.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-latex-default-class
|
||
@vindex org-latex-classes
|
||
@vindex org-latex-default-packages-alist
|
||
@vindex org-latex-packages-alist
|
||
To change the default class globally, edit @code{org-latex-default-class}.
|
||
To change the default class locally in an Org file, add option lines
|
||
@code{#+LATEX_CLASS: myclass}. To change the default class for just a part
|
||
of the Org file, set a sub-tree property, @code{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS}. The
|
||
class name entered here must be valid member of @code{org-latex-classes}.
|
||
This variable defines a header template for each class into which the
|
||
exporter splices the values of @code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} and
|
||
@code{org-latex-packages-alist}. Use the same three variables to define
|
||
custom sectioning or custom classes.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_CLASS
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS
|
||
@cindex property, EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS
|
||
@cindex property, EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end sends the @code{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS} keyword and
|
||
@code{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS} property as options to the @LaTeX{}
|
||
@code{\documentclass} macro. The options and the syntax for specifying them,
|
||
including enclosing them in square brackets, follow @LaTeX{} conventions.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,11pt,twoside,twocolumn]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end appends values from @code{LATEX_HEADER} and
|
||
@code{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA} keywords to the @LaTeX{} header. The docstring for
|
||
@code{org-latex-classes} explains in more detail. Also note that @LaTeX{}
|
||
export back-end does not append @code{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA} to the header when
|
||
previewing @LaTeX{} snippets (@pxref{Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments}).
|
||
|
||
A sample Org file with the above headers:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+LATEX_CLASS: article
|
||
#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper]
|
||
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage@{xyz@}
|
||
|
||
* Headline 1
|
||
some text
|
||
* Headline 2
|
||
some more text
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Quoting @LaTeX{} code
|
||
@subsection Quoting @LaTeX{} code
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end can insert any arbitrary @LaTeX{} code,
|
||
@pxref{Embedded @LaTeX{}}. There are three ways to embed such code in the
|
||
Org file and they all use different quoting syntax.
|
||
|
||
Inserting in-line quoted with @ symbols:
|
||
@cindex inline, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@example
|
||
Code embedded in-line @@@@latex:any arbitrary LaTeX code@@@@ in a paragraph.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Inserting as one or more keyword lines in the Org file:
|
||
@cindex #+LATEX
|
||
@example
|
||
#+LATEX: any arbitrary LaTeX code
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Inserting as an export block in the Org file, where the back-end exports any
|
||
code between begin and end markers:
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
|
||
any arbitrary LaTeX code
|
||
#+END_EXPORT
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Tables in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Tables in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex tables, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in tables
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end can pass several @LaTeX{} attributes for table
|
||
contents and layout. Besides specifying label and caption (@pxref{Images and
|
||
tables}), the other valid @LaTeX{} attributes include:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item :mode
|
||
@vindex org-latex-default-table-mode
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the table differently depending on the
|
||
mode for accurate rendering of math symbols. Mode is either @code{table},
|
||
@code{math}, @code{inline-math} or @code{verbatim}. For @code{math} or
|
||
@code{inline-math} mode, @LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the table in a math
|
||
environment, but every cell in it is exported as-is. The @LaTeX{} export
|
||
back-end determines the default mode from
|
||
@code{org-latex-default-table-mode}. For , The @LaTeX{} export back-end
|
||
merges contiguous tables in the same mode into a single environment.
|
||
@item :environment
|
||
@vindex org-latex-default-table-environment
|
||
Set the default @LaTeX{} table environment for the @LaTeX{} export back-end
|
||
to use when exporting Org tables. Common @LaTeX{} table environments are
|
||
provided by these packages: @code{tabularx}, @code{longtable}, @code{array},
|
||
@code{tabu}, and @code{bmatrix}. For packages, such as @code{tabularx} and
|
||
@code{tabu}, or any newer replacements, include them in the
|
||
@code{org-latex-packages-alist} variable so the @LaTeX{} export back-end can
|
||
insert the appropriate load package headers in the converted @LaTeX{} file.
|
||
Look in the docstring for the @code{org-latex-packages-alist} variable for
|
||
configuring these packages for @LaTeX{} snippet previews, if any.
|
||
@item :caption
|
||
Use @code{#+CAPTION} keyword to set a simple caption for a table
|
||
(@pxref{Images and tables}). For custom captions, use @code{:caption}
|
||
attribute, which accepts raw @LaTeX{} code. @code{:caption} value overrides
|
||
@code{#+CAPTION} value.
|
||
@item :float
|
||
@itemx :placement
|
||
The table environments by default are not floats in @LaTeX{}. To make them
|
||
floating objects use @code{:float} with one of the following options:
|
||
@code{sideways}, @code{multicolumn}, @code{t}, and @code{nil}. Note that
|
||
@code{sidewaystable} has been deprecated since Org 8.3. @LaTeX{} floats can
|
||
also have additional layout @code{:placement} attributes. These are the
|
||
usual @code{[h t b p ! H]} permissions specified in square brackets. Note
|
||
that for @code{:float sideways} tables, the @LaTeX{} export back-end ignores
|
||
@code{:placement} attributes.
|
||
@item :align
|
||
@itemx :font
|
||
@itemx :width
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end uses these attributes for regular tables to set
|
||
their alignments, fonts, and widths.
|
||
@item :spread
|
||
When @code{:spread} is non-@code{nil}, the @LaTeX{} export back-end spreads
|
||
or shrinks the table by the @code{:width} for @code{tabu} and @code{longtabu}
|
||
environments. @code{:spread} has no effect if @code{:width} is not set.
|
||
@item :booktabs
|
||
@itemx :center
|
||
@itemx :rmlines
|
||
@vindex org-latex-tables-booktabs
|
||
@vindex org-latex-tables-centered
|
||
All three commands are toggles. @code{:booktabs} brings in modern
|
||
typesetting enhancements to regular tables. The @code{booktabs} package has
|
||
to be loaded through @code{org-latex-packages-alist}. @code{:center} is for
|
||
centering the table. @code{:rmlines} removes all but the very first
|
||
horizontal line made of ASCII characters from "table.el" tables only.
|
||
@item :math-prefix
|
||
@itemx :math-suffix
|
||
@itemx :math-arguments
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end inserts @code{:math-prefix} string value in a
|
||
math environment before the table. The @LaTeX{} export back-end inserts
|
||
@code{:math-suffix} string value in a math environment after the table. The
|
||
@LaTeX{} export back-end inserts @code{:math-arguments} string value between
|
||
the macro name and the table's contents. @code{:math-arguments} comes in use
|
||
for matrix macros that require more than one argument, such as
|
||
@code{qbordermatrix}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@LaTeX{} table attributes help formatting tables for a wide range of
|
||
situations, such as matrix product or spanning multiple pages:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment longtable :align l|lp@{3cm@}r|l
|
||
| ..... | ..... |
|
||
| ..... | ..... |
|
||
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :mode math :environment bmatrix :math-suffix \times
|
||
| a | b |
|
||
| c | d |
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :mode math :environment bmatrix
|
||
| 1 | 2 |
|
||
| 3 | 4 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Set the caption with the @LaTeX{} command
|
||
@code{\bicaption@{HeadingA@}@{HeadingB@}}:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \bicaption@{HeadingA@}@{HeadingB@}
|
||
| ..... | ..... |
|
||
| ..... | ..... |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Images in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Images in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex images, inline in @LaTeX{}
|
||
@cindex inlining images in @LaTeX{}
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in images
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end processes image links in Org files that do not
|
||
have descriptions, such as these links @samp{[[file:img.jpg]]} or
|
||
@samp{[[./img.jpg]]}, as direct image insertions in the final PDF output. In
|
||
the PDF, they are no longer links but actual images embedded on the page.
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end uses @code{\includegraphics} macro to insert the
|
||
image. But for TikZ@footnote{@url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgf/}}
|
||
images, the back-end uses an @code{\input} macro wrapped within
|
||
a @code{tikzpicture} environment.
|
||
|
||
For specifying image @code{:width}, @code{:height}, and other
|
||
@code{:options}, use this syntax:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 5cm :options angle=90
|
||
[[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
For custom commands for captions, use the @code{:caption} attribute. It will
|
||
override the default @code{#+CAPTION} value:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \bicaption@{HeadingA@}@{HeadingB@}
|
||
[[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
When captions follow the method as described in @ref{Images and tables}, the
|
||
@LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the picture in a floating @code{figure}
|
||
environment. To float an image without specifying a caption, set the
|
||
@code{:float} attribute to one of the following:
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{t}: for a standard @samp{figure} environment; used by default whenever
|
||
an image has a caption.
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{multicolumn}: to span the image across multiple columns of a page; the
|
||
back-end wraps the image in a @code{figure*} environment.
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{wrap}: for text to flow around the image on the right; the figure
|
||
occupies the left half of the page.
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{sideways}: for a new page with the image sideways, rotated ninety
|
||
degrees, in a @code{sidewaysfigure} environment; overrides @code{:placement}
|
||
setting.
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{nil}: to avoid a @code{:float} even if using a caption.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
@noindent
|
||
Use the @code{placement} attribute to modify a floating environment's placement.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :float wrap :width 0.38\textwidth :placement
|
||
@{r@}@{0.4\textwidth@} [[./img/hst.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-latex-images-centered
|
||
@cindex center image (@LaTeX{} export)
|
||
@cindex image, centering (@LaTeX{} export)
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end centers all images by default. Setting
|
||
@code{:center} attribute to @code{nil} disables centering. To disable
|
||
centering globally, set @code{org-latex-images-centered} to @code{t}.
|
||
|
||
Set the @code{:comment-include} attribute to non-@code{nil} value for the
|
||
@LaTeX{} export back-end to comment out the @code{\includegraphics} macro.
|
||
|
||
@node Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex plain lists, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in plain lists
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end accepts the @code{:environment} and
|
||
@code{:options} attributes for plain lists. Both attributes work together
|
||
for customizing lists, as shown in the examples:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[inline]@{enumitem@}
|
||
Some ways to say "Hello":
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment itemize*
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :options [label=@{@}, itemjoin=@{,@}, itemjoin*=@{, and@}]
|
||
- Hola
|
||
- Bonjour
|
||
- Guten Tag.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Since @LaTeX{} supports only four levels of nesting for lists, use an
|
||
external package, such as @samp{enumitem} in @LaTeX{}, for levels deeper than
|
||
four:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage@{enumitem@}
|
||
#+LATEX_HEADER: \renewlist@{itemize@}@{itemize@}@{9@}
|
||
#+LATEX_HEADER: \setlist[itemize]@{label=$\circ$@}
|
||
- One
|
||
- Two
|
||
- Three
|
||
- Four
|
||
- Five
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex source blocks, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in source blocks
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end can make source code blocks into floating
|
||
objects through the attributes @code{:float} and @code{:options}. For
|
||
@code{:float}:
|
||
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{t}: makes a source block float; by default floats any source block with
|
||
a caption.
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{multicolumn}: spans the source block across multiple columns of a page.
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{nil}: avoids a @code{:float} even if using a caption; useful for
|
||
source code blocks that may not fit on a page.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :float nil
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
|
||
Lisp code that may not fit in a single page.
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-latex-listings-options
|
||
@vindex org-latex-minted-options
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end passes string values in @code{:options} to
|
||
@LaTeX{} packages for customization of that specific source block. In the
|
||
example below, the @code{:options} are set for Minted. Minted is a source
|
||
code highlighting @LaTeX{}package with many configurable options.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :options commentstyle=\bfseries
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun Fib (n)
|
||
(if (< n 2) n (+ (Fib (- n 1)) (Fib (- n 2)))))
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To apply similar configuration options for all source blocks in a file, use
|
||
the @code{org-latex-listings-options} and @code{org-latex-minted-options}
|
||
variables.
|
||
|
||
@node Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex example blocks, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex verbatim blocks, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in example blocks
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the contents of example blocks in a
|
||
@samp{verbatim} environment. To change this behavior to use another
|
||
environment globally, specify an appropriate export filter (@pxref{Advanced
|
||
configuration}). To change this behavior to use another environment for each
|
||
block, use the @code{:environment} parameter to specify a custom environment.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment myverbatim
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
||
This sentence is false.
|
||
#+END_EXAMPLE
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex special blocks, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex abstract, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex proof, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in special blocks
|
||
|
||
|
||
For other special blocks in the Org file, the @LaTeX{} export back-end makes
|
||
a special environment of the same name. The back-end also takes
|
||
@code{:options}, if any, and appends as-is to that environment's opening
|
||
string. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_abstract
|
||
We demonstrate how to solve the Syracuse problem.
|
||
#+END_abstract
|
||
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :options [Proof of important theorem]
|
||
#+BEGIN_proof
|
||
...
|
||
Therefore, any even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes.
|
||
#+END_proof
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
exports to
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
\begin@{abstract@}
|
||
We demonstrate how to solve the Syracuse problem.
|
||
\end@{abstract@}
|
||
|
||
\begin@{proof@}[Proof of important theorem]
|
||
...
|
||
Therefore, any even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes.
|
||
\end@{proof@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
If you need to insert a specific caption command, use @code{:caption}
|
||
attribute. It will override standard @code{#+CAPTION} value, if any. For
|
||
example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \MyCaption@{HeadingA@}
|
||
#+BEGIN_proof
|
||
...
|
||
#+END_proof
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@subsection Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex horizontal rules, in @LaTeX{} export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_LATEX, in horizontal rules
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} export back-end converts horizontal rules by the specified
|
||
@code{:width} and @code{:thickness} attributes. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :width .6\textwidth :thickness 0.8pt
|
||
-----
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Markdown export
|
||
@section Markdown export
|
||
@cindex Markdown export
|
||
|
||
The Markdown export back-end, @code{md}, converts an Org file to a Markdown
|
||
format, as defined at @url{http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/}.
|
||
|
||
Since @code{md} is built on top of the HTML back-end, any Org constructs not
|
||
supported by Markdown, such as tables, the underlying @code{html} back-end
|
||
(@pxref{HTML export}) converts them.
|
||
|
||
@subheading Markdown export commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e m m,org-md-export-to-markdown}
|
||
Export to a text file with Markdown syntax. For @file{myfile.org}, Org
|
||
exports to @file{myfile.md}, overwritten without warning.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e m M,org-md-export-as-markdown}
|
||
Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file.
|
||
@item C-c C-e m o
|
||
Export as a text file with Markdown syntax, then open it.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subheading Header and sectioning structure
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-md-headline-style
|
||
Based on @code{org-md-headline-style}, markdown export can generate headlines
|
||
of both @code{atx} and @code{setext} types. @code{atx} limits headline
|
||
levels to two. @code{setext} limits headline levels to six. Beyond these
|
||
limits, the export back-end converts headlines to lists. To set a limit to a
|
||
level before the absolute limit (@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@c begin opendocument
|
||
|
||
@node OpenDocument Text export
|
||
@section OpenDocument Text export
|
||
@cindex ODT
|
||
@cindex OpenDocument
|
||
@cindex export, OpenDocument
|
||
@cindex LibreOffice
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end handles creating of OpenDocument Text (ODT) format
|
||
files. The format complies with @cite{OpenDocument-v1.2
|
||
specification}@footnote{@url{http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html,
|
||
Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) Version 1.2}} and
|
||
is compatible with LibreOffice 3.4.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Pre-requisites for ODT export:: Required packages.
|
||
* ODT export commands:: Invoking export.
|
||
* ODT specific export settings:: Configuration options.
|
||
* Extending ODT export:: Producing @file{.doc}, @file{.pdf} files.
|
||
* Applying custom styles:: Styling the output.
|
||
* Links in ODT export:: Handling and formatting links.
|
||
* Tables in ODT export:: Org table conversions.
|
||
* Images in ODT export:: Inserting images.
|
||
* Math formatting in ODT export:: Formatting @LaTeX{} fragments.
|
||
* Labels and captions in ODT export:: Rendering objects.
|
||
* Literal examples in ODT export:: For source code and example blocks.
|
||
* Advanced topics in ODT export:: For power users.
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Pre-requisites for ODT export
|
||
@subsection Pre-requisites for ODT export
|
||
@cindex zip
|
||
The ODT export back-end relies on the @file{zip} program to create the final
|
||
compressed ODT output. Check if @file{zip} is locally available and
|
||
executable. Without @file{zip}, export cannot finish.
|
||
|
||
@node ODT export commands
|
||
@subsection ODT export commands
|
||
@anchor{x-export-to-odt}
|
||
@cindex region, active
|
||
@cindex active region
|
||
@cindex transient-mark-mode
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e o o,org-odt-export-to-odt}
|
||
@cindex property EXPORT_FILE_NAME
|
||
|
||
Export as OpenDocument Text file.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-preferred-output-format
|
||
If @code{org-odt-preferred-output-format} is specified, the ODT export
|
||
back-end automatically converts the exported file to that format.
|
||
@xref{x-export-to-other-formats, , Automatically exporting to other formats}.
|
||
|
||
For @file{myfile.org}, Org exports to @file{myfile.odt}, overwriting without
|
||
warning. The ODT export back-end exports a region only if a region was
|
||
active. Note for exporting active regions, the @code{transient-mark-mode}
|
||
has to be turned on.
|
||
|
||
If the selected region is a single tree, the ODT export back-end makes the
|
||
tree head the document title. Incidentally, @kbd{C-c @@} selects the current
|
||
sub-tree. If the tree head entry has, or inherits, an
|
||
@code{EXPORT_FILE_NAME} property, the ODT export back-end uses that for file
|
||
name.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-e o O}
|
||
Export to an OpenDocument Text file format and open it.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-preferred-output-format
|
||
When @code{org-odt-preferred-output-format} is specified, open the converted
|
||
file instead. @xref{x-export-to-other-formats, , Automatically exporting to
|
||
other formats}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node ODT specific export settings
|
||
@subsection ODT specific export settings
|
||
The ODT export back-end has several additional keywords for customizing ODT
|
||
output. Setting these keywords works similar to the general options
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
@item DESCRIPTION
|
||
@cindex #+DESCRIPTION (ODT)
|
||
This is the document's description, which the ODT export back-end inserts as
|
||
document metadata. For long descriptions, use multiple @code{#+DESCRIPTION}
|
||
lines.
|
||
|
||
@item KEYWORDS
|
||
@cindex #+KEYWORDS (ODT)
|
||
The keywords for the document. The ODT export back-end inserts the
|
||
description along with author name, keywords, and related file metadata as
|
||
metadata in the output file. Use multiple @code{#+KEYWORDS} lines if
|
||
necessary.
|
||
|
||
@item ODT_STYLES_FILE
|
||
@cindex ODT_STYLES_FILE
|
||
@vindex org-odt-styles-file
|
||
The ODT export back-end uses the @code{org-odt-styles-file} by default. See
|
||
@ref{Applying custom styles} for details.
|
||
|
||
@item SUBTITLE
|
||
@cindex SUBTITLE (ODT)
|
||
The document subtitle.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Extending ODT export
|
||
@subsection Extending ODT export
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end can produce documents in other formats besides ODT
|
||
using a specialized ODT converter process. Its common interface works with
|
||
popular converters to produce formats such as @samp{doc}, or convert a
|
||
document from one format, say @samp{csv}, to another format, say @samp{xls}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex @file{unoconv}
|
||
@cindex LibreOffice
|
||
|
||
Customize @code{org-odt-convert-process} variable to point to @code{unoconv},
|
||
which is the ODT's preferred converter. Working installations of LibreOffice
|
||
would already have @code{unoconv} installed. Alternatively, other converters
|
||
may be substituted here. @xref{Configuring a document converter}.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Automatically exporting to other formats
|
||
@anchor{x-export-to-other-formats}
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-preferred-output-format
|
||
If ODT format is just an intermediate step to get to other formats, such as
|
||
@samp{doc}, @samp{docx}, @samp{rtf}, or @samp{pdf}, etc., then extend the ODT
|
||
export back-end to directly produce that format. Specify the final format in
|
||
the @code{org-odt-preferred-output-format} variable. This is one way to
|
||
extend (@pxref{x-export-to-odt,,Exporting to ODT}).
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Converting between document formats
|
||
@anchor{x-convert-to-other-formats}
|
||
|
||
The Org export back-end is made to be inter-operable with a wide range of text
|
||
document format converters. Newer generation converters, such as LibreOffice
|
||
and Pandoc, can handle hundreds of formats at once. Org provides a
|
||
consistent interaction with whatever converter is installed. Here are some
|
||
generic commands:
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-convert
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
|
||
@item M-x org-odt-convert RET
|
||
Convert an existing document from one format to another. With a prefix
|
||
argument, opens the newly produced file.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Applying custom styles
|
||
@subsection Applying custom styles
|
||
@cindex styles, custom
|
||
@cindex template, custom
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end comes with many OpenDocument styles (@pxref{Working
|
||
with OpenDocument style files}). To expand or further customize these
|
||
built-in style sheets, either edit the style sheets directly or generate them
|
||
using an application such as LibreOffice. The example here shows creating a
|
||
style using LibreOffice.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Applying custom styles: the easy way
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
Create a sample @file{example.org} file with settings as shown below, and
|
||
export it to ODT format.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: H:10 num:t
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
Open the above @file{example.odt} using LibreOffice. Use the @file{Stylist}
|
||
to locate the target styles, which typically have the @samp{Org} prefix.
|
||
Open one, modify, and save as either OpenDocument Text (@file{.odt}) or
|
||
OpenDocument Template (@file{.ott}) file.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@cindex #+ODT_STYLES_FILE
|
||
@vindex org-odt-styles-file
|
||
Customize the variable @code{org-odt-styles-file} and point it to the
|
||
newly created file. For additional configuration options
|
||
@pxref{x-overriding-factory-styles,,Overriding factory styles}.
|
||
|
||
To apply and ODT style to a particular file, use the @code{#+ODT_STYLES_FILE}
|
||
option as shown in the example below:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: "/path/to/example.ott"
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: ("/path/to/file.ott" ("styles.xml" "image/hdr.png"))
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Using third-party styles and templates
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end relies on many templates and style names. Using
|
||
third-party styles and templates can lead to mismatches. Templates derived
|
||
from built in ODT templates and styles seem to have fewer problems.
|
||
|
||
@node Links in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Links in ODT export
|
||
@cindex links, in ODT export
|
||
|
||
ODT export back-end creates native cross-references for internal links and
|
||
Internet-style links for all other link types.
|
||
|
||
A link with no description and pointing to a regular---un-itemized---outline
|
||
heading is replaced with a cross-reference and section number of the heading.
|
||
|
||
A @samp{\ref@{label@}}-style reference to an image, table etc.@: is replaced
|
||
with a cross-reference and sequence number of the labeled entity.
|
||
@xref{Labels and captions in ODT export}.
|
||
|
||
@node Tables in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Tables in ODT export
|
||
@cindex tables, in ODT export
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end handles native Org mode tables (@pxref{Tables}) and
|
||
simple @file{table.el} tables. Complex @file{table.el} tables having column
|
||
or row spans are not supported. Such tables are stripped from the exported
|
||
document.
|
||
|
||
By default, the ODT export back-end exports a table with top and bottom
|
||
frames and with ruled lines separating row and column groups (@pxref{Column
|
||
groups}). All tables are typeset to occupy the same width. The ODT export
|
||
back-end honors any table alignments and relative widths for columns
|
||
(@pxref{Column width and alignment}).
|
||
|
||
Note that the ODT export back-end interprets column widths as weighted
|
||
ratios, the default weight being 1.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_ODT
|
||
|
||
Specifying @code{:rel-width} property on an @code{#+ATTR_ODT} line controls
|
||
the width of the table. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :rel-width 50
|
||
| Area/Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Sum |
|
||
|---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------|
|
||
| / | < | | | < |
|
||
| <l13> | <r5> | <r5> | <r5> | <r6> |
|
||
| North America | 1 | 21 | 926 | 948 |
|
||
| Middle East | 6 | 75 | 844 | 925 |
|
||
| Asia Pacific | 9 | 27 | 790 | 826 |
|
||
|---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------|
|
||
| Sum | 16 | 123 | 2560 | 2699 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
On export, the above table takes 50% of text width area. The exporter sizes
|
||
the columns in the ratio: 13:5:5:5:6. The first column is left-aligned and
|
||
rest of the columns, right-aligned. Vertical rules separate the header and
|
||
the last column. Horizontal rules separate the header and the last row.
|
||
|
||
For even more customization, create custom table styles and associate them
|
||
with a table using the @code{#+ATTR_ODT} line. @xref{Customizing tables in
|
||
ODT export}.
|
||
|
||
@node Images in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Images in ODT export
|
||
@cindex images, embedding in ODT
|
||
@cindex embedding images in ODT
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Embedding images
|
||
The ODT export back-end processes image links in Org files that do not have
|
||
descriptions, such as these links @samp{[[file:img.jpg]]} or
|
||
@samp{[[./img.jpg]]}, as direct image insertions in the final output. Either
|
||
of these examples works:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[file:img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[./img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Embedding clickable images
|
||
For clickable images, provide a link whose description is another link to an
|
||
image file. For example, to embed a image @file{org-mode-unicorn.png} which
|
||
when clicked jumps to @uref{http://Orgmode.org} website, do the following
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[http://orgmode.org][./org-mode-unicorn.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Sizing and scaling of embedded images
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_ODT
|
||
Control the size and scale of the embedded images with the @code{#+ATTR_ODT}
|
||
attribute.
|
||
|
||
@cindex identify, ImageMagick
|
||
@vindex org-odt-pixels-per-inch
|
||
The ODT export back-end starts with establishing the size of the image in the
|
||
final document. The dimensions of this size is measured in centimeters. The
|
||
back-end then queries the image file for its dimensions measured in pixels.
|
||
For this measurement, the back-end relies on ImageMagick's @file{identify}
|
||
program or Emacs @code{create-image} and @code{image-size} API. ImageMagick
|
||
is the preferred choice for large file sizes or frequent batch operations.
|
||
The back-end then converts the pixel dimensions using
|
||
@code{org-odt-pixels-per-inch} into the familiar 72 dpi or 96 dpi. The
|
||
default value for this is in @code{display-pixels-per-inch}, which can be
|
||
tweaked for better results based on the capabilities of the output device.
|
||
Here are some common image scaling operations:
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@item Explicitly size the image
|
||
To embed @file{img.png} as a 10 cm x 10 cm image, do the following:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 :height 10
|
||
[[./img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Scale the image
|
||
To embed @file{img.png} at half its size, do the following:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :scale 0.5
|
||
[[./img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Scale the image to a specific width
|
||
To embed @file{img.png} with a width of 10 cm while retaining the original
|
||
height:width ratio, do the following:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :width 10
|
||
[[./img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Scale the image to a specific height
|
||
To embed @file{img.png} with a height of 10 cm while retaining the original
|
||
height:width ratio, do the following
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :height 10
|
||
[[./img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Anchoring of images
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_ODT
|
||
The ODT export back-end can anchor images to @samp{"as-char"},
|
||
@samp{"paragraph"}, or @samp{"page"}. Set the preferred anchor using the
|
||
@code{:anchor} property of the @code{#+ATTR_ODT} line.
|
||
|
||
To create an image that is anchored to a page:
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :anchor "page"
|
||
[[./img.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Math formatting in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Math formatting in ODT export
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end has special support built-in for handling math.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Working with @LaTeX{} math snippets:: Embedding in @LaTeX{} format.
|
||
* Working with MathML or OpenDocument formula files:: Embedding in native format.
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Working with @LaTeX{} math snippets
|
||
@subsubheading Working with @LaTeX{} math snippets
|
||
|
||
@LaTeX{} math snippets (@pxref{@LaTeX{} fragments}) can be embedded in an ODT
|
||
document in one of the following ways:
|
||
|
||
@cindex MathML
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item MathML
|
||
|
||
Add this line to the Org file. This option is activated on a per-file basis.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: LaTeX:t
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
With this option, @LaTeX{} fragments are first converted into MathML
|
||
fragments using an external @LaTeX{}-to-MathML converter program. The
|
||
resulting MathML fragments are then embedded as an OpenDocument Formula in
|
||
the exported document.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command
|
||
@vindex org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file
|
||
|
||
To specify the @LaTeX{}-to-MathML converter, customize the variables
|
||
@code{org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command} and
|
||
@code{org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file}.
|
||
|
||
To use MathToWeb@footnote{See
|
||
@uref{http://www.mathtoweb.com/cgi-bin/mathtoweb_home.pl, MathToWeb}.} as the
|
||
preferred converter, configure the above variables as
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command
|
||
"java -jar %j -unicode -force -df %o %I"
|
||
org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file
|
||
"/path/to/mathtoweb.jar")
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
To use @LaTeX{}ML@footnote{See @uref{http://dlmf.nist.gov/LaTeXML/}.} use
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command
|
||
"latexmlmath \"%i\" --presentationmathml=%o")
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
To quickly verify the reliability of the @LaTeX{}-to-MathML converter, use
|
||
the following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item M-x org-odt-export-as-odf RET
|
||
Convert a @LaTeX{} math snippet to an OpenDocument formula (@file{.odf}) file.
|
||
|
||
@item M-x org-odt-export-as-odf-and-open RET
|
||
Convert a @LaTeX{} math snippet to an OpenDocument formula (@file{.odf}) file
|
||
and open the formula file with the system-registered application.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@cindex dvipng
|
||
@cindex dvisvgm
|
||
@cindex imagemagick
|
||
@item PNG images
|
||
|
||
Add this line to the Org file. This option is activated on a per-file basis.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
or:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+OPTIONS: tex:imagemagick
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Under this option, @LaTeX{} fragments are processed into PNG or SVG images
|
||
and the resulting images are embedded in the exported document. This method
|
||
requires @file{dvipng} program, @file{dvisvgm} or @file{imagemagick}
|
||
programs.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@node Working with MathML or OpenDocument formula files
|
||
@subsubheading Working with MathML or OpenDocument formula files
|
||
|
||
When embedding @LaTeX{} math snippets in ODT documents is not reliable, there
|
||
is one more option to try. Embed an equation by linking to its MathML
|
||
(@file{.mml}) source or its OpenDocument formula (@file{.odf}) file as shown
|
||
below:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[./equation.mml]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[./equation.odf]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Labels and captions in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Labels and captions in ODT export
|
||
|
||
ODT format handles labeling and captioning of objects based on their
|
||
types. Inline images, tables, @LaTeX{} fragments, and Math formulas are
|
||
numbered and captioned separately. Each object also gets a unique sequence
|
||
number based on its order of first appearance in the Org file. Each category
|
||
has its own sequence. A caption is just a label applied to these objects.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CAPTION: Bell curve
|
||
#+LABEL: fig:SED-HR4049
|
||
[[./img/a.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
When rendered, it may show as follows in the exported document:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
Figure 2: Bell curve
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-category-map-alist
|
||
To modify the category component of the caption, customize the option
|
||
@code{org-odt-category-map-alist}. For example, to tag embedded images with
|
||
the string @samp{Illustration} instead of the default string @samp{Figure},
|
||
use the following setting:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-odt-category-map-alist
|
||
'(("__Figure__" "Illustration" "value" "Figure" org-odt--enumerable-image-p)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
With the above modification, the previous example changes to:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
Illustration 2: Bell curve
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Literal examples in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Literal examples in ODT export
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end supports literal examples (@pxref{Literal examples})
|
||
with full fontification. Internally, the ODT export back-end relies on
|
||
@file{htmlfontify.el} to generate the style definitions needed for fancy
|
||
listings. The auto-generated styles get @samp{OrgSrc} prefix and inherit
|
||
colors from the faces used by Emacs @code{font-lock} library for that source
|
||
language.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-fontify-srcblocks
|
||
For custom fontification styles, customize the
|
||
@code{org-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks} option.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks
|
||
To turn off fontification of literal examples, customize the
|
||
@code{org-odt-fontify-srcblocks} option.
|
||
|
||
@node Advanced topics in ODT export
|
||
@subsection Advanced topics in ODT export
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end has extensive features useful for power users and
|
||
frequent uses of ODT formats.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Configuring a document converter:: Registering a document converter.
|
||
* Working with OpenDocument style files:: Exploring internals.
|
||
* Creating one-off styles:: Customizing styles, highlighting.
|
||
* Customizing tables in ODT export:: Defining table templates.
|
||
* Validating OpenDocument XML:: Debugging corrupted OpenDocument files.
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Configuring a document converter
|
||
@subsubheading Configuring a document converter
|
||
@cindex convert
|
||
@cindex doc, docx, rtf
|
||
@cindex converter
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end works with popular converters with little or no extra
|
||
configuration. @xref{Extending ODT export}. The following is for unsupported
|
||
converters or tweaking existing defaults.
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item Register the converter
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-convert-processes
|
||
Add the name of the converter to the @code{org-odt-convert-processes}
|
||
variable. Note that it also requires how the converter is invoked on the
|
||
command line. See the variable's docstring for details.
|
||
|
||
@item Configure its capabilities
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-convert-capabilities
|
||
@anchor{x-odt-converter-capabilities} Specify which formats the converter can
|
||
handle by customizing the variable @code{org-odt-convert-capabilities}. Use
|
||
the entry for the default values in this variable for configuring the new
|
||
converter. Also see its docstring for details.
|
||
|
||
@item Choose the converter
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-convert-process
|
||
Select the newly added converter as the preferred one by customizing the
|
||
option @code{org-odt-convert-process}.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@node Working with OpenDocument style files
|
||
@subsubheading Working with OpenDocument style files
|
||
@cindex styles, custom
|
||
@cindex template, custom
|
||
|
||
This section explores the internals of the ODT exporter; the means by which
|
||
it produces styled documents; the use of automatic and custom OpenDocument
|
||
styles.
|
||
|
||
@anchor{x-factory-styles}
|
||
@subsubheading a) Factory styles
|
||
|
||
The ODT exporter relies on two files for generating its output.
|
||
These files are bundled with the distribution under the directory pointed to
|
||
by the variable @code{org-odt-styles-dir}. The two files are:
|
||
|
||
@itemize
|
||
@anchor{x-orgodtstyles-xml}
|
||
@item
|
||
@file{OrgOdtStyles.xml}
|
||
|
||
This file contributes to the @file{styles.xml} file of the final @samp{ODT}
|
||
document. This file gets modified for the following purposes:
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
To control outline numbering based on user settings.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
To add styles generated by @file{htmlfontify.el} for fontification of code
|
||
blocks.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@anchor{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml}
|
||
@item
|
||
@file{OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml}
|
||
|
||
This file contributes to the @file{content.xml} file of the final @samp{ODT}
|
||
document. The contents of the Org outline are inserted between the
|
||
@samp{<office:text>}@dots{}@samp{</office:text>} elements of this file.
|
||
|
||
Apart from serving as a template file for the final @file{content.xml}, the
|
||
file serves the following purposes:
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
It contains automatic styles for formatting of tables which are referenced by
|
||
the exporter.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
It contains @samp{<text:sequence-decl>}@dots{}@samp{</text:sequence-decl>}
|
||
elements that control numbering of tables, images, equations, and similar
|
||
entities.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@anchor{x-overriding-factory-styles}
|
||
@subsubheading b) Overriding factory styles
|
||
The following two variables control the location from where the ODT exporter
|
||
picks up the custom styles and content template files. Customize these
|
||
variables to override the factory styles used by the exporter.
|
||
|
||
@itemize
|
||
@anchor{x-org-odt-styles-file}
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{org-odt-styles-file}
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end uses the file pointed to by this variable, such as
|
||
@file{styles.xml}, for the final output. It can take one of the following
|
||
values:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item A @file{styles.xml} file
|
||
|
||
Use this file instead of the default @file{styles.xml}
|
||
|
||
@item A @file{.odt} or @file{.ott} file
|
||
|
||
Use the @file{styles.xml} contained in the specified OpenDocument Text or
|
||
Template file
|
||
|
||
@item A @file{.odt} or @file{.ott} file and a subset of files contained within them
|
||
|
||
Use the @file{styles.xml} contained in the specified OpenDocument Text or
|
||
Template file. Additionally extract the specified member files and embed
|
||
those within the final @samp{ODT} document.
|
||
|
||
Use this option if the @file{styles.xml} file references additional files
|
||
like header and footer images.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{nil}
|
||
|
||
Use the default @file{styles.xml}
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@anchor{x-org-odt-content-template-file}
|
||
@item
|
||
@code{org-odt-content-template-file}
|
||
|
||
Use this variable to specify the blank @file{content.xml} that will be used
|
||
in the final output.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node Creating one-off styles
|
||
@subsubheading Creating one-off styles
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end can read embedded raw OpenDocument XML from the Org
|
||
file. Such direct formatting are useful for one-off instances.
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item Embedding ODT tags as part of regular text
|
||
|
||
Enclose OpenDocument syntax in @samp{@@@@odt:...@@@@} for inline markup. For
|
||
example, to highlight a region of text do the following:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@@@@odt:<text:span text:style-name="Highlight">This is highlighted
|
||
text</text:span>@@@@. But this is regular text.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@strong{Hint:} To see the above example in action, edit the @file{styles.xml}
|
||
(@pxref{x-orgodtstyles-xml,,Factory styles}) and add a custom
|
||
@samp{Highlight} style as shown below:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
<style:style style:name="Highlight" style:family="text">
|
||
<style:text-properties fo:background-color="#ff0000"/>
|
||
</style:style>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Embedding a one-line OpenDocument XML
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end can read one-liner options with @code{#+ODT:}
|
||
in the Org file. For example, to force a page break:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ODT: <text:p text:style-name="PageBreak"/>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@strong{Hint:} To see the above example in action, edit your
|
||
@file{styles.xml} (@pxref{x-orgodtstyles-xml,,Factory styles}) and add a
|
||
custom @samp{PageBreak} style as shown below.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
<style:style style:name="PageBreak" style:family="paragraph"
|
||
style:parent-style-name="Text_20_body">
|
||
<style:paragraph-properties fo:break-before="page"/>
|
||
</style:style>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item Embedding a block of OpenDocument XML
|
||
|
||
The ODT export back-end can also read ODT export blocks for OpenDocument XML.
|
||
Such blocks use the @code{#+BEGIN_EXPORT odt}@dots{}@code{#+END_EXPORT}
|
||
constructs.
|
||
|
||
For example, to create a one-off paragraph that uses bold text, do the
|
||
following:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT odt
|
||
<text:p text:style-name="Text_20_body_20_bold">
|
||
This paragraph is specially formatted and uses bold text.
|
||
</text:p>
|
||
#+END_EXPORT
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@node Customizing tables in ODT export
|
||
@subsubheading Customizing tables in ODT export
|
||
@cindex tables, in ODT export
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_ODT
|
||
Override the default table format by specifying a custom table style with the
|
||
@code{#+ATTR_ODT} line. For a discussion on default formatting of tables
|
||
@pxref{Tables in ODT export}.
|
||
|
||
This feature closely mimics the way table templates are defined in the
|
||
OpenDocument-v1.2
|
||
specification.@footnote{@url{http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html,
|
||
OpenDocument-v1.2 Specification}}
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-table-styles
|
||
For quick preview of this feature, install the settings below and export the
|
||
table that follows:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-odt-table-styles
|
||
(append org-odt-table-styles
|
||
'(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom"
|
||
((use-first-row-styles . t)
|
||
(use-first-column-styles . t)))
|
||
("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom"
|
||
((use-first-row-styles . t)
|
||
(use-last-row-styles . t))))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :style TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn
|
||
| Name | Phone | Age |
|
||
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
|
||
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The example above used @samp{Custom} template and installed two table styles
|
||
@samp{TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn} and @samp{TableWithFirstRowandLastRow}.
|
||
@strong{Important:} The OpenDocument styles needed for producing the above
|
||
template were pre-defined. They are available in the section marked
|
||
@samp{Custom Table Template} in @file{OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml}
|
||
(@pxref{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml,,Factory styles}. For adding new
|
||
templates, define new styles here.
|
||
|
||
To use this feature proceed as follows:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
Create a table template@footnote{See the @code{<table:table-template>}
|
||
element of the OpenDocument-v1.2 specification}
|
||
|
||
A table template is set of @samp{table-cell} and @samp{paragraph} styles for
|
||
each of the following table cell categories:
|
||
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item Body
|
||
@item First column
|
||
@item Last column
|
||
@item First row
|
||
@item Last row
|
||
@item Even row
|
||
@item Odd row
|
||
@item Even column
|
||
@item Odd Column
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
The names for the above styles must be chosen based on the name of the table
|
||
template using a well-defined convention.
|
||
|
||
The naming convention is better illustrated with an example. For a table
|
||
template with the name @samp{Custom}, the needed style names are listed in
|
||
the following table.
|
||
|
||
@multitable {Table cell type} {CustomEvenColumnTableCell} {CustomEvenColumnTableParagraph}
|
||
@headitem Table cell type
|
||
@tab @code{table-cell} style
|
||
@tab @code{paragraph} style
|
||
@item
|
||
@tab
|
||
@tab
|
||
@item Body
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomTableParagraph}
|
||
@item First column
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomFirstColumnTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomFirstColumnTableParagraph}
|
||
@item Last column
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomLastColumnTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomLastColumnTableParagraph}
|
||
@item First row
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomFirstRowTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomFirstRowTableParagraph}
|
||
@item Last row
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomLastRowTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomLastRowTableParagraph}
|
||
@item Even row
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomEvenRowTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomEvenRowTableParagraph}
|
||
@item Odd row
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomOddRowTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomOddRowTableParagraph}
|
||
@item Even column
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomEvenColumnTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomEvenColumnTableParagraph}
|
||
@item Odd column
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomOddColumnTableCell}
|
||
@tab @samp{CustomOddColumnTableParagraph}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
To create a table template with the name @samp{Custom}, define the above
|
||
styles in the
|
||
@code{<office:automatic-styles>}...@code{</office:automatic-styles>} element
|
||
of the content template file (@pxref{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml,,Factory
|
||
styles}).
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
Define a table style@footnote{See the attributes @code{table:template-name},
|
||
@code{table:use-first-row-styles}, @code{table:use-last-row-styles},
|
||
@code{table:use-first-column-styles}, @code{table:use-last-column-styles},
|
||
@code{table:use-banding-rows-styles}, and
|
||
@code{table:use-banding-column-styles} of the @code{<table:table>} element in
|
||
the OpenDocument-v1.2 specification}
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-table-styles
|
||
To define a table style, create an entry for the style in the variable
|
||
@code{org-odt-table-styles} and specify the following:
|
||
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item the name of the table template created in step (1)
|
||
@item the set of cell styles in that template that are to be activated
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
For example, the entry below defines two different table styles
|
||
@samp{TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn} and @samp{TableWithFirstRowandLastRow}
|
||
based on the same template @samp{Custom}. The styles achieve their intended
|
||
effect by selectively activating the individual cell styles in that template.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-odt-table-styles
|
||
(append org-odt-table-styles
|
||
'(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom"
|
||
((use-first-row-styles . t)
|
||
(use-first-column-styles . t)))
|
||
("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom"
|
||
((use-first-row-styles . t)
|
||
(use-last-row-styles . t))))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
Associate a table with the table style
|
||
|
||
To do this, specify the table style created in step (2) as part of
|
||
the @code{ATTR_ODT} line as shown below.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ODT: :style "TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn"
|
||
| Name | Phone | Age |
|
||
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
|
||
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@node Validating OpenDocument XML
|
||
@subsubheading Validating OpenDocument XML
|
||
|
||
Sometimes ODT format files may not open due to @file{.odt} file corruption.
|
||
To verify if the @file{.odt} file is corrupt, validate it against the
|
||
OpenDocument RELAX NG Compact Syntax---RNC---schema. But first the
|
||
@file{.odt} files have to be decompressed using @samp{zip}. Note that
|
||
@file{.odt} files are @samp{zip} archives: @inforef{File Archives,,emacs}.
|
||
The contents of @file{.odt} files are in @file{.xml}. For general help with
|
||
validation---and schema-sensitive editing---of XML files:
|
||
@inforef{Introduction,,nxml-mode}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odt-schema-dir
|
||
Customize @code{org-odt-schema-dir} to point to a directory with OpenDocument
|
||
@file{.rnc} files and the needed schema-locating rules. The ODT export
|
||
back-end takes care of updating the @code{rng-schema-locating-files}.
|
||
|
||
@c end opendocument
|
||
|
||
@node Org export
|
||
@section Org export
|
||
@cindex Org export
|
||
|
||
@code{org} export back-end creates a normalized version of the Org document
|
||
in current buffer. The exporter evaluates Babel code (@pxref{Evaluating code
|
||
blocks}) and removes content specific to other back-ends.
|
||
|
||
@subheading Org export commands
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e O o,org-org-export-to-org}
|
||
Export as an Org file with a @file{.org} extension. For @file{myfile.org},
|
||
Org exports to @file{myfile.org.org}, overwriting without warning.
|
||
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e O O,org-org-export-as-org}
|
||
Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file.
|
||
@item C-c C-e O v
|
||
Export to an Org file, then open it.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Texinfo export
|
||
@section Texinfo export
|
||
@cindex Texinfo export
|
||
|
||
The @samp{texinfo} export back-end generates documents with Texinfo code that
|
||
can compile to Info format.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Texinfo export commands:: Invoking commands.
|
||
* Texinfo specific export settings:: Setting the environment.
|
||
* Texinfo file header:: Generating the header.
|
||
* Texinfo title and copyright page:: Creating preamble pages.
|
||
* Texinfo @samp{Top} node:: Installing a manual in Info Top node.
|
||
* Headings and sectioning structure:: Building document structure.
|
||
* Indices:: Creating indices.
|
||
* Quoting Texinfo code:: Incorporating literal Texinfo code.
|
||
* Plain lists in Texinfo export:: List attributes.
|
||
* Tables in Texinfo export:: Table attributes.
|
||
* Images in Texinfo export:: Image attributes.
|
||
* Special blocks in Texinfo export:: Special block attributes.
|
||
* A Texinfo example:: Processing Org to Texinfo.
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Texinfo export commands
|
||
@subsection Texinfo export commands
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-info-process
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e i t,org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo}
|
||
Export as a Texinfo file with @file{.texi} extension. For @file{myfile.org},
|
||
Org exports to @file{myfile.texi}, overwriting without warning.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e i i,org-texinfo-export-to-info}
|
||
Export to Texinfo format first and then process it to make an Info file. To
|
||
generate other formats, such as DocBook, customize the
|
||
@code{org-texinfo-info-process} variable.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Texinfo specific export settings
|
||
@subsection Texinfo specific export settings
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end has several additional keywords for customizing
|
||
Texinfo output. Setting these keywords works similar to the general options
|
||
(@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@table @samp
|
||
|
||
@item SUBTITLE
|
||
@cindex #+SUBTITLE (Texinfo)
|
||
The document subtitle.
|
||
|
||
@item SUBAUTHOR
|
||
@cindex #+SUBAUTHOR
|
||
The document subauthor.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_FILENAME
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_FILENAME
|
||
The Texinfo filename.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_CLASS
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_CLASS
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-default-class
|
||
The default document class (@code{org-texinfo-default-class}), which must be
|
||
a member of @code{org-texinfo-classes}.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_HEADER
|
||
Arbitrary lines inserted at the end of the header.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_POST_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_POST_HEADER
|
||
Arbitrary lines inserted after the end of the header.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY
|
||
The directory category of the document.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE
|
||
The directory title of the document.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_DIR_DESC
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC
|
||
The directory description of the document.
|
||
|
||
@item TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE
|
||
The printed title of the document.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Texinfo file header
|
||
@subsection Texinfo file header
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_FILENAME
|
||
After creating the header for a Texinfo file, the Texinfo back-end
|
||
automatically generates a name and destination path for the Info file. To
|
||
override this default with a more sensible path and name, specify the
|
||
@code{#+TEXINFO_FILENAME} keyword.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-coding-system
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-classes
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_HEADER
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_CLASS
|
||
Along with the output's file name, the Texinfo header also contains language
|
||
details (@pxref{Export settings}) and encoding system as set in the
|
||
@code{org-texinfo-coding-system} variable. Insert @code{#+TEXINFO_HEADER}
|
||
keywords for each additional command in the header, for example:
|
||
@@code@{@@synindex@}.
|
||
|
||
Instead of repeatedly installing the same set of commands, define a class in
|
||
@code{org-texinfo-classes} once, and then activate it in the document by
|
||
setting the @code{#+TEXINFO_CLASS} keyword to that class.
|
||
|
||
@node Texinfo title and copyright page
|
||
@subsection Texinfo title and copyright page
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE
|
||
The default template for hard copy output has a title page with
|
||
@code{#+TITLE} and @code{#+AUTHOR} (@pxref{Export settings}). To replace the
|
||
regular @code{#+TITLE} with something different for the printed version, use
|
||
the @code{#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE} and @code{#+SUBTITLE} keywords. Both
|
||
expect raw Texinfo code for setting their values.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+SUBAUTHOR
|
||
If one @code{#+AUTHOR} is not sufficient, add multiple @code{#+SUBAUTHOR}
|
||
keywords. They have to be set in raw Texinfo code.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+AUTHOR: Jane Smith
|
||
#+SUBAUTHOR: John Doe
|
||
#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE: This Long Title@@inlinefmt@{tex,@@*@} Is Broken in @@TeX@{@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, COPYING
|
||
Copying material is defined in a dedicated headline with a non-@code{nil}
|
||
@code{:COPYING:} property. The back-end inserts the contents within a
|
||
@code{@@copying} command at the beginning of the document. The heading
|
||
itself does not appear in the structure of the document.
|
||
|
||
Copyright information is printed on the back of the title page.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Copying
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:COPYING: t
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file, version 1.0.
|
||
|
||
Copyright \copy 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Texinfo @samp{Top} node
|
||
@subsection Texinfo @samp{Top} node
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC
|
||
The end result of the Texinfo export process is the creation of an Info file.
|
||
This Info file's metadata has variables for category, title, and description:
|
||
@code{#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY}, @code{#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE}, and
|
||
@code{#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC} that establish where in the Info hierarchy the file
|
||
fits.
|
||
|
||
Here's an example that writes to the @samp{Top} node:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Emacs
|
||
#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: Org Mode: (org)
|
||
#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Outline-based notes management and organizer
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Headings and sectioning structure
|
||
@subsection Headings and sectioning structure
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-classes
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-default-class
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO_CLASS
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end uses a pre-defined scheme to convert Org
|
||
headlines to an equivalent Texinfo structuring commands. A scheme like this
|
||
maps top-level headlines to numbered chapters tagged as @code{@@chapter} and
|
||
lower-level headlines to unnumbered chapters tagged as @code{@@unnumbered}.
|
||
To override such mappings to introduce @code{@@part} or other Texinfo
|
||
structuring commands, define a new class in @code{org-texinfo-classes}.
|
||
Activate the new class with the @code{#+TEXINFO_CLASS} keyword. When no new
|
||
class is defined and activated, the Texinfo export back-end defaults to the
|
||
@code{org-texinfo-default-class}.
|
||
|
||
If an Org headline's level has no associated Texinfo structuring command, or
|
||
is below a certain threshold (@pxref{Export settings}), then the Texinfo
|
||
export back-end makes it into a list item.
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, APPENDIX
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end makes any headline with a non-@code{nil}
|
||
@code{:APPENDIX:} property into an appendix. This happens independent of the
|
||
Org headline level or the @code{#+TEXINFO_CLASS}.
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, DESCRIPTION
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end creates a menu entry after the Org headline for
|
||
each regular sectioning structure. To override this with a shorter menu
|
||
entry, use the @code{:ALT_TITLE:} property (@pxref{Table of contents}).
|
||
Texinfo menu entries also have an option for a longer @code{:DESCRIPTION:}
|
||
property. Here's an example that uses both to override the default menu
|
||
entry:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Controlling Screen Display
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:ALT_TITLE: Display
|
||
:DESCRIPTION: Controlling Screen Display
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Indices
|
||
@subsection Indices
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+CINDEX
|
||
@cindex #+FINDEX
|
||
@cindex #+KINDEX
|
||
@cindex #+PINDEX
|
||
@cindex #+TINDEX
|
||
@cindex #+VINDEX
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end recognizes these indexing keywords if used in the
|
||
Org file: @code{#+CINDEX}, @code{#+FINDEX}, @code{#+KINDEX}, @code{#+PINDEX},
|
||
@code{#+TINDEX}, and @code{#+VINDEX}. The back-end also recognizes custom
|
||
index definitions that use raw Texinfo code in the Org file (@pxref{Quoting
|
||
Texinfo code}).
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CINDEX: Defining indexing entries
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex property, INDEX
|
||
For the back-end to generate an index entry for a headline, set the
|
||
@code{:INDEX:} property to @samp{cp} or @samp{vr}. These abbreviations come
|
||
from Texinfo that stand for concept index and variable index. The Texinfo
|
||
manual has abbreviations for all other kinds of indexes. The back-end
|
||
exports the headline as an unnumbered chapter or section command, and then
|
||
inserts the index after its contents.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Concept Index
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:INDEX: cp
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Quoting Texinfo code
|
||
@subsection Quoting Texinfo code
|
||
|
||
Use any of the following three methods to insert or escape raw Texinfo code:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+TEXINFO
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_EXPORT texinfo
|
||
@example
|
||
Richard @@@@texinfo:@@sc@{@@@@Stallman@@@@texinfo:@}@@@@ commence' GNU.
|
||
|
||
#+TEXINFO: @@need800
|
||
This paragraph is preceded by...
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT texinfo
|
||
@@auindex Johnson, Mark
|
||
@@auindex Lakoff, George
|
||
#+END_EXPORT
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Plain lists in Texinfo export
|
||
@subsection Plain lists in Texinfo export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_TEXINFO, in plain lists
|
||
@cindex Two-column tables, in Texinfo export
|
||
|
||
@cindex :table-type attribute, in Texinfo export
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end by default converts description lists in the Org
|
||
file using the default command @code{@@table}, which results in a table with
|
||
two columns. To change this behavior, specify @code{:table-type} with
|
||
@code{ftable} or @code{vtable} attributes. For more information,
|
||
@inforef{Two-column Tables,,texinfo}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-texinfo-def-table-markup
|
||
@cindex :indic attribute, in Texinfo export
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end by default also applies a text highlight based on
|
||
the defaults stored in @code{org-texinfo-def-table-markup}. To override the
|
||
default highlight command, specify another one with the @code{:indic}
|
||
attribute.
|
||
|
||
@cindex Multiple entries in two-column tables, in Texinfo export
|
||
@cindex :separator attribute, in Texinfo export
|
||
Org syntax is limited to one entry per list item. Nevertheless, the Texinfo
|
||
export back-end can split that entry according to any text provided through
|
||
the @code{:sep} attribute. Each part then becomes a new entry in the first
|
||
column of the table.
|
||
|
||
The following example illustrates all the attributes above:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :table-type vtable :sep , :indic asis
|
||
- foo, bar :: This is the common text for variables foo and bar.
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
becomes
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@@vtable @@asis
|
||
@@item foo
|
||
@@itemx bar
|
||
This is the common text for variables foo and bar.
|
||
@@end table
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Tables in Texinfo export
|
||
@subsection Tables in Texinfo export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_TEXINFO, in tables
|
||
|
||
When exporting tables, the Texinfo export back-end uses the widest cell width
|
||
in each column. To override this and instead specify as fractions of line
|
||
length, use the @code{:columns} attribute. See example below.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :columns .5 .5
|
||
| a cell | another cell |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Images in Texinfo export
|
||
@subsection Images in Texinfo export
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_TEXINFO, in images
|
||
|
||
Insert a file link to the image in the Org file, and the Texinfo export
|
||
back-end inserts the image. These links must have the usual supported image
|
||
extensions and no descriptions. To scale the image, use @code{:width} and
|
||
@code{:height} attributes. For alternate text, use @code{:alt} and specify
|
||
the text using Texinfo code, as shown in the example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :width 1in :alt Alternate @@i@{text@}
|
||
[[ridt.pdf]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Special blocks in Texinfo export
|
||
@subsection Special blocks
|
||
@cindex #+ATTR_TEXINFO, in special blocks
|
||
|
||
The Texinfo export back-end converts special blocks to commands with the same
|
||
name. It also adds any @code{:options} attributes to the end of the command,
|
||
as shown in this example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+attr_texinfo: :options org-org-export-to-org ...
|
||
#+begin_defun
|
||
A somewhat obsessive function.
|
||
#+end_defun
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
becomes
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@@defun org-org-export-to-org ...
|
||
A somewhat obsessive function.
|
||
@@end defun
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node A Texinfo example
|
||
@subsection A Texinfo example
|
||
|
||
Here is a more detailed example Org file. @inforef{GNU Sample
|
||
Texts,,texinfo} for an equivalent example using Texinfo code.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+MACRO: version 2.0
|
||
#+MACRO: updated last updated 4 March 2014
|
||
|
||
#+OPTIONS: ':t toc:t author:t email:t
|
||
#+TITLE: GNU Sample @{@{@{version@}@}@}
|
||
#+AUTHOR: A.U. Thor
|
||
#+EMAIL: bug-sample@@gnu.org
|
||
#+LANGUAGE: en
|
||
|
||
#+TEXINFO_FILENAME: sample.info
|
||
#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @@syncodeindex pg cp
|
||
|
||
#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Texinfo documentation system
|
||
#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: sample: (sample)
|
||
#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Invoking sample
|
||
|
||
#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE: GNU Sample
|
||
#+SUBTITLE: for version @{@{@{version@}@}@}, @{@{@{updated@}@}@}
|
||
|
||
* Copying
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:COPYING: t
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
This manual is for GNU Sample (version @{@{@{version@}@}@},
|
||
@{@{@{updated@}@}@}), which is an example in the Texinfo documentation.
|
||
|
||
Copyright @@@@texinfo:@@copyright@{@}@@@@ 2013 Free Software Foundation,
|
||
Inc.
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
|
||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
||
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
|
||
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
|
||
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
|
||
and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
|
||
the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
|
||
#+END_QUOTE
|
||
|
||
* Invoking sample
|
||
|
||
#+PINDEX: sample
|
||
#+CINDEX: invoking @@command@{sample@}
|
||
|
||
This is a sample manual. There is no sample program to invoke, but
|
||
if there were, you could see its basic usage and command line
|
||
options here.
|
||
|
||
* GNU Free Documentation License
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:APPENDIX: t
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
#+TEXINFO: @@include fdl.texi
|
||
|
||
* Index
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:INDEX: cp
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node iCalendar export
|
||
@section iCalendar export
|
||
@cindex iCalendar export
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-include-todo
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-use-deadline
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-use-scheduled
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-categories
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-alarm-time
|
||
A large part of Org mode's inter-operability success is its ability to easily
|
||
export to or import from external applications. The iCalendar export
|
||
back-end takes calendar data from Org files and exports to the standard
|
||
iCalendar format.
|
||
|
||
The iCalendar export back-end can also incorporate TODO entries based on the
|
||
configuration of the @code{org-icalendar-include-todo} variable. The
|
||
back-end exports plain timestamps as VEVENT, TODO items as VTODO, and also
|
||
create events from deadlines that are in non-TODO items. The back-end uses
|
||
the deadlines and scheduling dates in Org TODO items for setting the start
|
||
and due dates for the iCalendar TODO entry. Consult the
|
||
@code{org-icalendar-use-deadline} and @code{org-icalendar-use-scheduled}
|
||
variables for more details.
|
||
|
||
For tags on the headline, the iCalendar export back-end makes them into
|
||
iCalendar categories. To tweak the inheritance of tags and TODO states,
|
||
configure the variable @code{org-icalendar-categories}. To assign clock
|
||
alarms based on time, configure the @code{org-icalendar-alarm-time} variable.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-store-UID
|
||
@cindex property, ID
|
||
The iCalendar format standard requires globally unique identifier---UID---for
|
||
each entry. The iCalendar export back-end creates UIDs during export. To
|
||
save a copy of the UID in the Org file set the variable
|
||
@code{org-icalendar-store-UID}. The back-end looks for the @code{:ID:}
|
||
property of the entry for re-using the same UID for subsequent exports.
|
||
|
||
Since a single Org entry can result in multiple iCalendar entries---as
|
||
timestamp, deadline, scheduled item, or TODO item---Org adds prefixes to the
|
||
UID, depending on which part of the Org entry triggered the creation of the
|
||
iCalendar entry. Prefixing ensures UIDs remains unique, yet enable
|
||
synchronization programs trace the connections.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e c f,org-icalendar-export-to-ics}
|
||
Create iCalendar entries from the current Org buffer and store them in the
|
||
same directory, using a file extension @file{.ics}.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e c a, org-icalendar-export-agenda-files}
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-files
|
||
Create iCalendar entries from Org files in @code{org-agenda-files} and store
|
||
in a separate iCalendar file for each Org file.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e c c,org-icalendar-combine-agenda-files}
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file
|
||
Create a combined iCalendar file from Org files in @code{org-agenda-files}
|
||
and write it to @code{org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file} file name.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-use-property-inheritance
|
||
@vindex org-icalendar-include-body
|
||
@cindex property, SUMMARY
|
||
@cindex property, DESCRIPTION
|
||
@cindex property, LOCATION
|
||
The iCalendar export back-end includes SUMMARY, DESCRIPTION and LOCATION
|
||
properties from the Org entries when exporting. To force the back-end to
|
||
inherit the LOCATION property, configure the
|
||
@code{org-use-property-inheritance} variable.
|
||
|
||
When Org entries do not have SUMMARY, DESCRIPTION and LOCATION properties,
|
||
the iCalendar export back-end derives the summary from the headline, and
|
||
derives the description from the body of the Org item. The
|
||
@code{org-icalendar-include-body} variable limits the maximum number of
|
||
characters of the content are turned into its description.
|
||
|
||
Exporting to iCalendar format depends in large part on the capabilities of
|
||
the destination application. Some are more lenient than others. Consult the
|
||
Org mode FAQ for advice on specific applications.
|
||
|
||
@node Other built-in back-ends
|
||
@section Other built-in back-ends
|
||
@cindex export back-ends, built-in
|
||
@vindex org-export-backends
|
||
|
||
Other export back-ends included with Org are:
|
||
|
||
@itemize
|
||
@item @file{ox-man.el}: export to a man page.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
To activate such back-ends, either customize @code{org-export-backends} or
|
||
load directly with @code{(require 'ox-man)}. On successful load, the
|
||
back-end adds new keys in the export dispatcher (@pxref{The export
|
||
dispatcher}).
|
||
|
||
Follow the comment section of such files, for example, @file{ox-man.el}, for
|
||
usage and configuration details.
|
||
|
||
@node Advanced configuration
|
||
@section Advanced configuration
|
||
|
||
@subheading Hooks
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-before-processing-hook
|
||
@vindex org-export-before-parsing-hook
|
||
The export process executes two hooks before the actual exporting begins.
|
||
The first hook, @code{org-export-before-processing-hook}, runs before any
|
||
expansions of macros, Babel code, and include keywords in the buffer. The
|
||
second hook, @code{org-export-before-parsing-hook}, runs before the buffer is
|
||
parsed. Both hooks are specified as functions, see example below. Their main
|
||
use is for heavy duty structural modifications of the Org content. For
|
||
example, removing every headline in the buffer during export:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(defun my-headline-removal (backend)
|
||
"Remove all headlines in the current buffer.
|
||
BACKEND is the export back-end being used, as a symbol."
|
||
(org-map-entries
|
||
(lambda () (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line) (point))))))
|
||
|
||
(add-hook 'org-export-before-parsing-hook 'my-headline-removal)
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Note that the hook function must have a mandatory argument that is a symbol
|
||
for the back-end.
|
||
|
||
@subheading Filters
|
||
|
||
@cindex Filters, exporting
|
||
The Org export process relies on filters to process specific parts of
|
||
conversion process. Filters are just lists of functions to be applied to
|
||
certain parts for a given back-end. The output from the first function in
|
||
the filter is passed on to the next function in the filter. The final output
|
||
is the output from the final function in the filter.
|
||
|
||
The Org export process has many filter sets applicable to different types of
|
||
objects, plain text, parse trees, export options, and final output formats.
|
||
The filters are named after the element type or object type:
|
||
@code{org-export-filter-TYPE-functions}, where @code{TYPE} is the type
|
||
targeted by the filter. Valid types are:
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions .33 .33 .33
|
||
@item body
|
||
@tab bold
|
||
@tab babel-call
|
||
@item center-block
|
||
@tab clock
|
||
@tab code
|
||
@item diary-sexp
|
||
@tab drawer
|
||
@tab dynamic-block
|
||
@item entity
|
||
@tab example-block
|
||
@tab export-block
|
||
@item export-snippet
|
||
@tab final-output
|
||
@tab fixed-width
|
||
@item footnote-definition
|
||
@tab footnote-reference
|
||
@tab headline
|
||
@item horizontal-rule
|
||
@tab inline-babel-call
|
||
@tab inline-src-block
|
||
@item inlinetask
|
||
@tab italic
|
||
@tab item
|
||
@item keyword
|
||
@tab latex-environment
|
||
@tab latex-fragment
|
||
@item line-break
|
||
@tab link
|
||
@tab node-property
|
||
@item options
|
||
@tab paragraph
|
||
@tab parse-tree
|
||
@item plain-list
|
||
@tab plain-text
|
||
@tab planning
|
||
@item property-drawer
|
||
@tab quote-block
|
||
@tab radio-target
|
||
@item section
|
||
@tab special-block
|
||
@tab src-block
|
||
@item statistics-cookie
|
||
@tab strike-through
|
||
@tab subscript
|
||
@item superscript
|
||
@tab table
|
||
@tab table-cell
|
||
@item table-row
|
||
@tab target
|
||
@tab timestamp
|
||
@item underline
|
||
@tab verbatim
|
||
@tab verse-block
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
Here is an example filter that replaces non-breaking spaces @code{~} in the
|
||
Org buffer with @code{_} for the @LaTeX{} back-end.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(defun my-latex-filter-nobreaks (text backend info)
|
||
"Ensure \"_\" are properly handled in LaTeX export."
|
||
(when (org-export-derived-backend-p backend 'latex)
|
||
(replace-regexp-in-string "_" "~" text)))
|
||
|
||
(add-to-list 'org-export-filter-plain-text-functions
|
||
'my-latex-filter-nobreaks)
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
A filter requires three arguments: the code to be transformed, the name of
|
||
the back-end, and some optional information about the export process. The
|
||
third argument can be safely ignored. Note the use of
|
||
@code{org-export-derived-backend-p} predicate that tests for @code{latex}
|
||
back-end or any other back-end, such as @code{beamer}, derived from
|
||
@code{latex}.
|
||
|
||
@subheading Defining filters for individual files
|
||
|
||
The Org export can filter not just for back-ends, but also for specific files
|
||
through the @code{#+BIND} keyword. Here is an example with two filters; one
|
||
removes brackets from time stamps, and the other removes strike-through text.
|
||
The filter functions are defined in a @samp{src} code block in the same Org
|
||
file, which is a handy location for debugging.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BIND: org-export-filter-timestamp-functions (tmp-f-timestamp)
|
||
#+BIND: org-export-filter-strike-through-functions (tmp-f-strike-through)
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :exports results :results none
|
||
(defun tmp-f-timestamp (s backend info)
|
||
(replace-regexp-in-string "&[lg]t;\\|[][]" "" s))
|
||
(defun tmp-f-strike-through (s backend info) "")
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subheading Extending an existing back-end
|
||
|
||
Some parts of the conversion process can be extended for certain elements so
|
||
as to introduce a new or revised translation. That is how the HTML export
|
||
back-end was extended to handle Markdown format. The extensions work
|
||
seamlessly so any aspect of filtering not done by the extended back-end is
|
||
handled by the original back-end. Of all the export customization in Org,
|
||
extending is very powerful as it operates at the parser level.
|
||
|
||
For this example, make the @code{ascii} back-end display the language used in
|
||
a source code block. Also make it display only when some attribute is
|
||
non-@code{nil}, like the following:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ATTR_ASCII: :language t
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Then extend @code{ascii} back-end with a custom @code{my-ascii} back-end.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
@group
|
||
(defun my-ascii-src-block (src-block contents info)
|
||
"Transcode a SRC-BLOCK element from Org to ASCII.
|
||
CONTENTS is nil. INFO is a plist used as a communication
|
||
channel."
|
||
(if (not (org-export-read-attribute :attr_ascii src-block :language))
|
||
(org-export-with-backend 'ascii src-block contents info)
|
||
(concat
|
||
(format ",--[ %s ]--\n%s`----"
|
||
(org-element-property :language src-block)
|
||
(replace-regexp-in-string
|
||
"^" "| "
|
||
(org-element-normalize-string
|
||
(org-export-format-code-default src-block info)))))))
|
||
|
||
(org-export-define-derived-backend 'my-ascii 'ascii
|
||
:translate-alist '((src-block . my-ascii-src-block)))
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The @code{my-ascii-src-block} function looks at the attribute above the
|
||
current element. If not true, hands over to @code{ascii} back-end. If true,
|
||
which it is in this example, it creates a box around the code and leaves room
|
||
for the inserting a string for language. The last form creates the new
|
||
back-end that springs to action only when translating @code{src-block} type
|
||
elements.
|
||
|
||
To use the newly defined back-end, call the following from an Org buffer:
|
||
|
||
@smalllisp
|
||
(org-export-to-buffer 'my-ascii "*Org MY-ASCII Export*")
|
||
@end smalllisp
|
||
|
||
Further steps to consider would be an interactive function, self-installing
|
||
an item in the export dispatcher menu, and other user-friendly improvements.
|
||
|
||
@node Export in foreign buffers
|
||
@section Export in foreign buffers
|
||
|
||
The export back-ends in Org often include commands to convert selected
|
||
regions. A convenient feature of this in-place conversion is that the
|
||
exported output replaces the original source. Here are such functions:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item org-html-convert-region-to-html
|
||
Convert the selected region into HTML.
|
||
@item org-latex-convert-region-to-latex
|
||
Convert the selected region into @LaTeX{}.
|
||
@item org-texinfo-convert-region-to-texinfo
|
||
Convert the selected region into @code{Texinfo}.
|
||
@item org-md-convert-region-to-md
|
||
Convert the selected region into @code{MarkDown}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
In-place conversions are particularly handy for quick conversion of tables
|
||
and lists in foreign buffers. For example, turn on the minor mode @code{M-x
|
||
orgstruct-mode} in an HTML buffer, then use the convenient Org keyboard
|
||
commands to create a list, select it, and covert it to HTML with @code{M-x
|
||
org-html-convert-region-to-html RET}.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Publishing
|
||
@chapter Publishing
|
||
@cindex publishing
|
||
|
||
Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to configure
|
||
automatic HTML conversion of @emph{projects} composed of interlinked org
|
||
files. You can also configure Org to automatically upload your exported HTML
|
||
pages and related attachments, such as images and source code files, to a web
|
||
server.
|
||
|
||
You can also use Org to convert files into PDF, or even combine HTML and PDF
|
||
conversion so that files are available in both formats on the server.
|
||
|
||
Publishing has been contributed to Org by David O'Toole.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Configuration:: Defining projects
|
||
* Uploading files:: How to get files up on the server
|
||
* Sample configuration:: Example projects
|
||
* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Configuration
|
||
@section Configuration
|
||
|
||
Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, destination
|
||
and many other properties of a project.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
|
||
* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
|
||
* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
|
||
* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
|
||
* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML/@LaTeX{} export
|
||
* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
|
||
* Sitemap:: Generating a list of all pages
|
||
* Generating an index:: An index that reaches across pages
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Project alist
|
||
@subsection The variable @code{org-publish-project-alist}
|
||
@cindex org-publish-project-alist
|
||
@cindex projects, for publishing
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-publish-project-alist
|
||
Publishing is configured almost entirely through setting the value of one
|
||
variable, called @code{org-publish-project-alist}. Each element of the list
|
||
configures one project, and may be in one of the two following forms:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
("project-name" :property value :property value ...)
|
||
@r{i.e., a well-formed property list with alternating keys and values}
|
||
@r{or}
|
||
("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...))
|
||
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values. A
|
||
project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as the
|
||
publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. When a project
|
||
takes the second form listed above, the individual members of the
|
||
@code{:components} property are taken to be sub-projects, which group
|
||
together files requiring different publishing options. When you publish such
|
||
a ``meta-project'', all the components will also be published, in the
|
||
sequence given.
|
||
|
||
@node Sources and destinations
|
||
@subsection Sources and destinations for files
|
||
@cindex directories, for publishing
|
||
|
||
Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In
|
||
particular, Org needs to know where to look for source files,
|
||
and where to put published files.
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
|
||
@item @code{:base-directory}
|
||
@tab Directory containing publishing source files
|
||
@item @code{:publishing-directory}
|
||
@tab Directory where output files will be published. You can directly
|
||
publish to a web server using a file name syntax appropriate for
|
||
the Emacs @file{tramp} package. Or you can publish to a local directory and
|
||
use external tools to upload your website (@pxref{Uploading files}).
|
||
@item @code{:preparation-function}
|
||
@tab Function or list of functions to be called before starting the
|
||
publishing process, for example, to run @code{make} for updating files to be
|
||
published. Each preparation function is called with a single argument, the
|
||
project property list.
|
||
@item @code{:completion-function}
|
||
@tab Function or list of functions called after finishing the publishing
|
||
process, for example, to change permissions of the resulting files. Each
|
||
completion function is called with a single argument, the project property
|
||
list.
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
@noindent
|
||
|
||
@node Selecting files
|
||
@subsection Selecting files
|
||
@cindex files, selecting for publishing
|
||
|
||
By default, all files with extension @file{.org} in the base directory
|
||
are considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the
|
||
properties
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
|
||
@item @code{:base-extension}
|
||
@tab Extension (without the dot!) of source files. This actually is a
|
||
regular expression. Set this to the symbol @code{any} if you want to get all
|
||
files in @code{:base-directory}, even without extension.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:exclude}
|
||
@tab Regular expression to match file names that should not be
|
||
published, even though they have been selected on the basis of their
|
||
extension.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:include}
|
||
@tab List of files to be included regardless of @code{:base-extension}
|
||
and @code{:exclude}.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:recursive}
|
||
@tab non-@code{nil} means, check base-directory recursively for files to publish.
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@node Publishing action
|
||
@subsection Publishing action
|
||
@cindex action, for publishing
|
||
|
||
Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory and
|
||
possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation is to export
|
||
Org files as HTML files, and this is done by the function
|
||
@code{org-html-publish-to-html}, which calls the HTML exporter (@pxref{HTML
|
||
export}). But you also can publish your content as PDF files using
|
||
@code{org-latex-publish-to-pdf} or as @code{ascii}, @code{Texinfo}, etc.,
|
||
using the corresponding functions.
|
||
|
||
If you want to publish the Org file as an @code{.org} file but with the
|
||
@i{archived}, @i{commented} and @i{tag-excluded} trees removed, use the
|
||
function @code{org-org-publish-to-org}. This will produce @file{file.org}
|
||
and put it in the publishing directory. If you want a htmlized version of
|
||
this file, set the parameter @code{:htmlized-source} to @code{t}, it will
|
||
produce @file{file.org.html} in the publishing directory@footnote{If the
|
||
publishing directory is the same than the source directory, @file{file.org}
|
||
will be exported as @file{file.org.org}, so probably don't want to do this.}.
|
||
|
||
Other files like images only need to be copied to the publishing destination.
|
||
For this you can use @code{org-publish-attachment}. For non-org files, you
|
||
always need to specify the publishing function:
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
|
||
@item @code{:publishing-function}
|
||
@tab Function executing the publication of a file. This may also be a
|
||
list of functions, which will all be called in turn.
|
||
@item @code{:htmlized-source}
|
||
@tab non-@code{nil} means, publish htmlized source.
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
The function must accept three arguments: a property list containing at least
|
||
a @code{:publishing-directory} property, the name of the file to be published
|
||
and the path to the publishing directory of the output file. It should take
|
||
the specified file, make the necessary transformation (if any) and place the
|
||
result into the destination folder.
|
||
|
||
@node Publishing options
|
||
@subsection Options for the exporters
|
||
@cindex options, for publishing
|
||
|
||
The property list can be used to set export options during the publishing
|
||
process. In most cases, these properties correspond to user variables in
|
||
Org. While some properties are available for all export back-ends, most of
|
||
them are back-end specific. The following sections list properties along
|
||
with the variable they belong to. See the documentation string of these
|
||
options for details.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-publish-project-alist
|
||
When a property is given a value in @code{org-publish-project-alist}, its
|
||
setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if any)
|
||
during publishing. Options set within a file (@pxref{Export settings}),
|
||
however, override everything.
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Generic properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:with-sub-superscript}} {@code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}}
|
||
@item @code{:archived-trees} @tab @code{org-export-with-archived-trees}
|
||
@item @code{:exclude-tags} @tab @code{org-export-exclude-tags}
|
||
@item @code{:headline-levels} @tab @code{org-export-headline-levels}
|
||
@item @code{:language} @tab @code{org-export-default-language}
|
||
@item @code{:preserve-breaks} @tab @code{org-export-preserve-breaks}
|
||
@item @code{:section-numbers} @tab @code{org-export-with-section-numbers}
|
||
@item @code{:select-tags} @tab @code{org-export-select-tags}
|
||
@item @code{:with-author} @tab @code{org-export-with-author}
|
||
@item @code{:with-broken-links} @tab @code{org-export-with-broken-links}
|
||
@item @code{:with-clocks} @tab @code{org-export-with-clocks}
|
||
@item @code{:with-creator} @tab @code{org-export-with-creator}
|
||
@item @code{:with-date} @tab @code{org-export-with-date}
|
||
@item @code{:with-drawers} @tab @code{org-export-with-drawers}
|
||
@item @code{:with-email} @tab @code{org-export-with-email}
|
||
@item @code{:with-emphasize} @tab @code{org-export-with-emphasize}
|
||
@item @code{:with-fixed-width} @tab @code{org-export-with-fixed-width}
|
||
@item @code{:with-footnotes} @tab @code{org-export-with-footnotes}
|
||
@item @code{:with-latex} @tab @code{org-export-with-latex}
|
||
@item @code{:with-planning} @tab @code{org-export-with-planning}
|
||
@item @code{:with-priority} @tab @code{org-export-with-priority}
|
||
@item @code{:with-properties} @tab @code{org-export-with-properties}
|
||
@item @code{:with-special-strings} @tab @code{org-export-with-special-strings}
|
||
@item @code{:with-sub-superscript} @tab @code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}
|
||
@item @code{:with-tables} @tab @code{org-export-with-tables}
|
||
@item @code{:with-tags} @tab @code{org-export-with-tags}
|
||
@item @code{:with-tasks} @tab @code{org-export-with-tasks}
|
||
@item @code{:with-timestamps} @tab @code{org-export-with-timestamps}
|
||
@item @code{:with-title} @tab @code{org-export-with-title}
|
||
@item @code{:with-toc} @tab @code{org-export-with-toc}
|
||
@item @code{:with-todo-keywords} @tab @code{org-export-with-todo-keywords}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading ASCII specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines}} {@code{org-ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines}}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-bullets} @tab @code{org-ascii-bullets}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-caption-above} @tab @code{org-ascii-caption-above}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-charset} @tab @code{org-ascii-charset}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-global-margin} @tab @code{org-ascii-global-margin}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-format-drawer-function} @tab @code{org-ascii-format-drawer-function}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-format-inlinetask-function} @tab @code{org-ascii-format-inlinetask-function}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-headline-spacing} @tab @code{org-ascii-headline-spacing}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-indented-line-width} @tab @code{org-ascii-indented-line-width}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-inlinetask-width} @tab @code{org-ascii-inlinetask-width}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-inner-margin} @tab @code{org-ascii-inner-margin}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-links-to-notes} @tab @code{org-ascii-links-to-notes}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-list-margin} @tab @code{org-ascii-list-margin}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-paragraph-spacing} @tab @code{org-ascii-paragraph-spacing}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-quote-margin} @tab @code{org-ascii-quote-margin}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines} @tab @code{org-ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-table-use-ascii-art} @tab @code{org-ascii-table-use-ascii-art}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-table-widen-columns} @tab @code{org-ascii-table-widen-columns}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-text-width} @tab @code{org-ascii-text-width}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-underline} @tab @code{org-ascii-underline}
|
||
@item @code{:ascii-verbatim-format} @tab @code{org-ascii-verbatim-format}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Beamer specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:beamer-frame-default-options}} {@code{org-beamer-frame-default-options}}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-theme} @tab @code{org-beamer-theme}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-column-view-format} @tab @code{org-beamer-column-view-format}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-environments-extra} @tab @code{org-beamer-environments-extra}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-frame-default-options} @tab @code{org-beamer-frame-default-options}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-outline-frame-options} @tab @code{org-beamer-outline-frame-options}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-outline-frame-title} @tab @code{org-beamer-outline-frame-title}
|
||
@item @code{:beamer-subtitle-format} @tab @code{org-beamer-subtitle-format}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading HTML specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column}} {@code{org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column}}
|
||
@item @code{:html-allow-name-attribute-in-anchors} @tab @code{org-html-allow-name-attribute-in-anchors}
|
||
@item @code{:html-checkbox-type} @tab @code{org-html-checkbox-type}
|
||
@item @code{:html-container} @tab @code{org-html-container-element}
|
||
@item @code{:html-divs} @tab @code{org-html-divs}
|
||
@item @code{:html-doctype} @tab @code{org-html-doctype}
|
||
@item @code{:html-extension} @tab @code{org-html-extension}
|
||
@item @code{:html-footnote-format} @tab @code{org-html-footnote-format}
|
||
@item @code{:html-footnote-separator} @tab @code{org-html-footnote-separator}
|
||
@item @code{:html-footnotes-section} @tab @code{org-html-footnotes-section}
|
||
@item @code{:html-format-drawer-function} @tab @code{org-html-format-drawer-function}
|
||
@item @code{:html-format-headline-function} @tab @code{org-html-format-headline-function}
|
||
@item @code{:html-format-inlinetask-function} @tab @code{org-html-format-inlinetask-function}
|
||
@item @code{:html-head-extra} @tab @code{org-html-head-extra}
|
||
@item @code{:html-head-include-default-style} @tab @code{org-html-head-include-default-style}
|
||
@item @code{:html-head-include-scripts} @tab @code{org-html-head-include-scripts}
|
||
@item @code{:html-head} @tab @code{org-html-head}
|
||
@item @code{:html-home/up-format} @tab @code{org-html-home/up-format}
|
||
@item @code{:html-html5-fancy} @tab @code{org-html-html5-fancy}
|
||
@item @code{:html-indent} @tab @code{org-html-indent}
|
||
@item @code{:html-infojs-options} @tab @code{org-html-infojs-options}
|
||
@item @code{:html-infojs-template} @tab @code{org-html-infojs-template}
|
||
@item @code{:html-inline-image-rules} @tab @code{org-html-inline-image-rules}
|
||
@item @code{:html-inline-images} @tab @code{org-html-inline-images}
|
||
@item @code{:html-link-home} @tab @code{org-html-link-home}
|
||
@item @code{:html-link-org-files-as-html} @tab @code{org-html-link-org-files-as-html}
|
||
@item @code{:html-link-up} @tab @code{org-html-link-up}
|
||
@item @code{:html-link-use-abs-url} @tab @code{org-html-link-use-abs-url}
|
||
@item @code{:html-mathjax-options} @tab @code{org-html-mathjax-options}
|
||
@item @code{:html-mathjax-template} @tab @code{org-html-mathjax-template}
|
||
@item @code{:html-metadata-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-html-metadata-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:html-postamble-format} @tab @code{org-html-postamble-format}
|
||
@item @code{:html-postamble} @tab @code{org-html-postamble}
|
||
@item @code{:html-preamble-format} @tab @code{org-html-preamble-format}
|
||
@item @code{:html-preamble} @tab @code{org-html-preamble}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-align-individual-fields} @tab @code{org-html-table-align-individual-fields}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-attributes} @tab @code{org-html-table-default-attributes}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-caption-above} @tab @code{org-html-table-caption-above}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-data-tags} @tab @code{org-html-table-data-tags}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-header-tags} @tab @code{org-html-table-header-tags}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-row-tags} @tab @code{org-html-table-row-tags}
|
||
@item @code{:html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column} @tab @code{org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column}
|
||
@item @code{:html-tag-class-prefix} @tab @code{org-html-tag-class-prefix}
|
||
@item @code{:html-text-markup-alist} @tab @code{org-html-text-markup-alist}
|
||
@item @code{:html-todo-kwd-class-prefix} @tab @code{org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix}
|
||
@item @code{:html-toplevel-hlevel} @tab @code{org-html-toplevel-hlevel}
|
||
@item @code{:html-use-infojs} @tab @code{org-html-use-infojs}
|
||
@item @code{:html-validation-link} @tab @code{org-html-validation-link}
|
||
@item @code{:html-viewport} @tab @code{org-html-viewport}
|
||
@item @code{:html-xml-declaration} @tab @code{org-html-xml-declaration}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading @LaTeX{} specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:latex-link-with-unknown-path-format}} {@code{org-latex-link-with-unknown-path-format}}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-active-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-latex-active-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-caption-above} @tab @code{org-latex-caption-above}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-classes} @tab @code{org-latex-classes}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-class} @tab @code{org-latex-default-class}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-compiler} @tab @code{org-latex-compiler}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-default-figure-position} @tab @code{org-latex-default-figure-position}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-default-table-environment} @tab @code{org-latex-default-table-environment}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-default-table-mode} @tab @code{org-latex-default-table-mode}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-diary-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-latex-diary-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-footnote-defined-format} @tab @code{org-latex-footnote-defined-format}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-footnote-separator} @tab @code{org-latex-footnote-separator}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-format-drawer-function} @tab @code{org-latex-format-drawer-function}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-format-headline-function} @tab @code{org-latex-format-headline-function}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-format-inlinetask-function} @tab @code{org-latex-format-inlinetask-function}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-hyperref-template} @tab @code{org-latex-hyperref-template}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-image-default-height} @tab @code{org-latex-image-default-height}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-image-default-option} @tab @code{org-latex-image-default-option}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-image-default-width} @tab @code{org-latex-image-default-width}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-images-centered} @tab @code{org-latex-images-centered}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-inactive-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-latex-inactive-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-inline-image-rules} @tab @code{org-latex-inline-image-rules}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-link-with-unknown-path-format} @tab @code{org-latex-link-with-unknown-path-format}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-listings-langs} @tab @code{org-latex-listings-langs}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-listings-options} @tab @code{org-latex-listings-options}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-listings} @tab @code{org-latex-listings}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-minted-langs} @tab @code{org-latex-minted-langs}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-minted-options} @tab @code{org-latex-minted-options}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-prefer-user-labels} @tab @code{org-latex-prefer-user-labels}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-subtitle-format} @tab @code{org-latex-subtitle-format}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-subtitle-separate} @tab @code{org-latex-subtitle-separate}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-table-scientific-notation} @tab @code{org-latex-table-scientific-notation}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-tables-booktabs} @tab @code{org-latex-tables-booktabs}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-tables-centered} @tab @code{org-latex-tables-centered}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-text-markup-alist} @tab @code{org-latex-text-markup-alist}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-title-command} @tab @code{org-latex-title-command}
|
||
@item @code{:latex-toc-command} @tab @code{org-latex-toc-command}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Markdown specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:md-footnotes-section}} {@code{org-md-footnotes-section}}
|
||
@item @code{:md-footnote-format} @tab @code{org-md-footnote-format}
|
||
@item @code{:md-footnotes-section} @tab @code{org-md-footnotes-section}
|
||
@item @code{:md-headline-style} @tab @code{org-md-headline-style}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading ODT specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:odt-format-inlinetask-function}} {@code{org-odt-format-inlinetask-function}}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-content-template-file} @tab @code{org-odt-content-template-file}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-display-outline-level} @tab @code{org-odt-display-outline-level}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-fontify-srcblocks} @tab @code{org-odt-fontify-srcblocks}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-format-drawer-function} @tab @code{org-odt-format-drawer-function}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-format-headline-function} @tab @code{org-odt-format-headline-function}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-format-inlinetask-function} @tab @code{org-odt-format-inlinetask-function}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-inline-formula-rules} @tab @code{org-odt-inline-formula-rules}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-inline-image-rules} @tab @code{org-odt-inline-image-rules}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-pixels-per-inch} @tab @code{org-odt-pixels-per-inch}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-styles-file} @tab @code{org-odt-styles-file}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-table-styles} @tab @code{org-odt-table-styles}
|
||
@item @code{:odt-use-date-fields} @tab @code{org-odt-use-date-fields}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Texinfo specific properties
|
||
|
||
@multitable {@code{:texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format}} {@code{org-texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format}}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-active-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-texinfo-active-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-classes} @tab @code{org-texinfo-classes}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-class} @tab @code{org-texinfo-default-class}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-def-table-markup} @tab @code{org-texinfo-def-table-markup}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-diary-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-texinfo-diary-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-filename} @tab @code{org-texinfo-filename}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-format-drawer-function} @tab @code{org-texinfo-format-drawer-function}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-format-headline-function} @tab @code{org-texinfo-format-headline-function}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-format-inlinetask-function} @tab @code{org-texinfo-format-inlinetask-function}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-inactive-timestamp-format} @tab @code{org-texinfo-inactive-timestamp-format}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format} @tab @code{org-texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-node-description-column} @tab @code{org-texinfo-node-description-column}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-table-scientific-notation} @tab @code{org-texinfo-table-scientific-notation}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-tables-verbatim} @tab @code{org-texinfo-tables-verbatim}
|
||
@item @code{:texinfo-text-markup-alist} @tab @code{org-texinfo-text-markup-alist}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@node Publishing links
|
||
@subsection Links between published files
|
||
@cindex links, publishing
|
||
|
||
To create a link from one Org file to another, you would use something like
|
||
@samp{[[file:foo.org][The foo]]} or simply @samp{file:foo.org}
|
||
(@pxref{External links}). When published, this link becomes a link to
|
||
@file{foo.html}. You can thus interlink the pages of your ``org web''
|
||
project and the links will work as expected when you publish them to HTML.
|
||
If you also publish the Org source file and want to link to it, use an
|
||
@code{http:} link instead of a @code{file:} link, because @code{file:} links
|
||
are converted to link to the corresponding @file{html} file.
|
||
|
||
You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are careful
|
||
with relative file names, and provided you have also configured Org to upload
|
||
the related files, these links will work too. See @ref{Complex example}, for
|
||
an example of this usage.
|
||
|
||
Eventually, links between published documents can contain some search options
|
||
(@pxref{Search options}), which will be resolved to the appropriate location
|
||
in the linked file. For example, once published to HTML, the following links
|
||
all point to a dedicated anchor in @file{foo.html}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[file:foo.org::*heading]]
|
||
[[file:foo.org::#custom-id]]
|
||
[[file:foo.org::target]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Sitemap
|
||
@subsection Generating a sitemap
|
||
@cindex sitemap, of published pages
|
||
|
||
The following properties may be used to control publishing of
|
||
a map of files for a given project.
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.35 0.65
|
||
@item @code{:auto-sitemap}
|
||
@tab When non-@code{nil}, publish a sitemap during @code{org-publish-current-project}
|
||
or @code{org-publish-all}.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-filename}
|
||
@tab Filename for output of sitemap. Defaults to @file{sitemap.org} (which
|
||
becomes @file{sitemap.html}).
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-title}
|
||
@tab Title of sitemap page. Defaults to name of file.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-format-entry}
|
||
@tab With this option one can tell how a site-map entry is formatted in the
|
||
site-map. It is a function called with three arguments: the file or
|
||
directory name relative to base directory of the project, the site-map style
|
||
and the current project. It is expected to return a string. Default value
|
||
turns file names into links and use document titles as descriptions. For
|
||
specific formatting needs, one can use @code{org-publish-find-date},
|
||
@code{org-publish-find-title} and @code{org-publish-find-property}, to
|
||
retrieve additional information about published documents.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-function}
|
||
@tab Plug-in function to use for generation of the sitemap. It is called
|
||
with two arguments: the title of the site-map and a representation of the
|
||
files and directories involved in the project as a radio list (@pxref{Radio
|
||
lists}). The latter can further be transformed using
|
||
@code{org-list-to-generic}, @code{org-list-to-subtree} and alike. Default
|
||
value generates a plain list of links to all files in the project.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-sort-folders}
|
||
@tab Where folders should appear in the sitemap. Set this to @code{first}
|
||
(default) or @code{last} to display folders first or last, respectively.
|
||
When set to @code{ignore}, folders are ignored altogether. Any other value
|
||
will mix files and folders. This variable has no effect when site-map style
|
||
is @code{tree}.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-sort-files}
|
||
@tab How the files are sorted in the site map. Set this to
|
||
@code{alphabetically} (default), @code{chronologically} or
|
||
@code{anti-chronologically}. @code{chronologically} sorts the files with
|
||
older date first while @code{anti-chronologically} sorts the files with newer
|
||
date first. @code{alphabetically} sorts the files alphabetically. The date of
|
||
a file is retrieved with @code{org-publish-find-date}.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-ignore-case}
|
||
@tab Should sorting be case-sensitive? Default @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{:sitemap-date-format}
|
||
@tab Format string for the @code{format-time-string} function that tells how
|
||
a sitemap entry's date is to be formatted. This property bypasses
|
||
@code{org-publish-sitemap-date-format} which defaults to @code{%Y-%m-%d}.
|
||
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@node Generating an index
|
||
@subsection Generating an index
|
||
@cindex index, in a publishing project
|
||
|
||
Org mode can generate an index across the files of a publishing project.
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
|
||
@item @code{:makeindex}
|
||
@tab When non-@code{nil}, generate in index in the file @file{theindex.org} and
|
||
publish it as @file{theindex.html}.
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
The file will be created when first publishing a project with the
|
||
@code{:makeindex} set. The file only contains a statement @code{#+INCLUDE:
|
||
"theindex.inc"}. You can then build around this include statement by adding
|
||
a title, style information, etc.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+INDEX
|
||
Index entries are specified with @code{#+INDEX} keyword. An entry that
|
||
contains an exclamation mark will create a sub item.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Curriculum Vitae
|
||
#+INDEX: CV
|
||
#+INDEX: Application!CV
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Uploading files
|
||
@section Uploading files
|
||
@cindex rsync
|
||
@cindex unison
|
||
|
||
For those people already utilizing third party sync tools such as
|
||
@command{rsync} or @command{unison}, it might be preferable not to use the built in
|
||
@i{remote} publishing facilities of Org mode which rely heavily on
|
||
Tramp. Tramp, while very useful and powerful, tends not to be
|
||
so efficient for multiple file transfer and has been known to cause problems
|
||
under heavy usage.
|
||
|
||
Specialized synchronization utilities offer several advantages. In addition
|
||
to timestamp comparison, they also do content and permissions/attribute
|
||
checks. For this reason you might prefer to publish your web to a local
|
||
directory (possibly even @i{in place} with your Org files) and then use
|
||
@file{unison} or @file{rsync} to do the synchronization with the remote host.
|
||
|
||
Since Unison (for example) can be configured as to which files to transfer to
|
||
a certain remote destination, it can greatly simplify the project publishing
|
||
definition. Simply keep all files in the correct location, process your Org
|
||
files with @code{org-publish} and let the synchronization tool do the rest.
|
||
You do not need, in this scenario, to include attachments such as @file{jpg},
|
||
@file{css} or @file{gif} files in the project definition since the 3rd party
|
||
tool syncs them.
|
||
|
||
Publishing to a local directory is also much faster than to a remote one, so
|
||
that you can afford more easily to republish entire projects. If you set
|
||
@code{org-publish-use-timestamps-flag} to @code{nil}, you gain the main
|
||
benefit of re-including any changed external files such as source example
|
||
files you might include with @code{#+INCLUDE:}. The timestamp mechanism in
|
||
Org is not smart enough to detect if included files have been modified.
|
||
|
||
@node Sample configuration
|
||
@section Sample configuration
|
||
|
||
Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is a simple
|
||
project publishing only a set of Org files. The second example is
|
||
more complex, with a multi-component project.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Simple example:: One-component publishing
|
||
* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Simple example
|
||
@subsection Example: simple publishing configuration
|
||
|
||
This example publishes a set of Org files to the @file{public_html}
|
||
directory on the local machine.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-publish-project-alist
|
||
'(("org"
|
||
:base-directory "~/org/"
|
||
:publishing-directory "~/public_html"
|
||
:section-numbers nil
|
||
:with-toc nil
|
||
:html-head "<link rel=\"stylesheet\"
|
||
href=\"../other/mystyle.css\"
|
||
type=\"text/css\"/>")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Complex example
|
||
@subsection Example: complex publishing configuration
|
||
|
||
This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including
|
||
Org files converted to HTML, image files, Emacs Lisp source code, and
|
||
style sheets. The publishing directory is remote and private files are
|
||
excluded.
|
||
|
||
To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate
|
||
your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file
|
||
paths. For example, if your Org files are kept in @file{~/org} and your
|
||
publishable images in @file{~/images}, you would link to an image with
|
||
@c
|
||
@example
|
||
file:../images/myimage.png
|
||
@end example
|
||
@c
|
||
On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the
|
||
same. You can accomplish this by setting up an "images" folder in the
|
||
right place on the web server, and publishing images to it.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-publish-project-alist
|
||
'(("orgfiles"
|
||
:base-directory "~/org/"
|
||
:base-extension "org"
|
||
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/notebook/"
|
||
:publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html
|
||
:exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp
|
||
:headline-levels 3
|
||
:section-numbers nil
|
||
:with-toc nil
|
||
:html-head "<link rel=\"stylesheet\"
|
||
href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" type=\"text/css\"/>"
|
||
:html-preamble t)
|
||
|
||
("images"
|
||
:base-directory "~/images/"
|
||
:base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png"
|
||
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/images/"
|
||
:publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
|
||
|
||
("other"
|
||
:base-directory "~/other/"
|
||
:base-extension "css\\|el"
|
||
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/other/"
|
||
:publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
|
||
("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other"))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Triggering publication
|
||
@section Triggering publication
|
||
|
||
Once properly configured, Org can publish with the following commands:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e P x,org-publish}
|
||
Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to it.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e P p,org-publish-current-project}
|
||
Publish the project containing the current file.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e P f,org-publish-current-file}
|
||
Publish only the current file.
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-e P a,org-publish-all}
|
||
Publish every project.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-publish-use-timestamps-flag
|
||
Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above functions
|
||
normally only publish changed files. You can override this and force
|
||
publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any of the commands
|
||
above, or by customizing the variable @code{org-publish-use-timestamps-flag}.
|
||
This may be necessary in particular if files include other files via
|
||
@code{#+SETUPFILE:} or @code{#+INCLUDE:}.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Working with source code
|
||
@chapter Working with source code
|
||
@cindex Schulte, Eric
|
||
@cindex Davison, Dan
|
||
@cindex source code, working with
|
||
|
||
Source code here refers to any code typed in Org mode documents. Org can
|
||
manage source code in any Org file once such code is tagged with begin and
|
||
end markers. Working with source code begins with tagging source code
|
||
blocks. Tagged @samp{src} code blocks are not restricted to the preamble or
|
||
the end of an Org document; they can go anywhere---with a few exceptions,
|
||
such as not inside comments and fixed width areas. Here's a sample
|
||
@samp{src} code block in emacs-lisp:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
|
||
(defun org-xor (a b)
|
||
"Exclusive or."
|
||
(if a (not b) b))
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Org can take the code in the block between the @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} and
|
||
@samp{#+END_SRC} tags, and format, compile, execute, and show the results.
|
||
Org can simplify many housekeeping tasks essential to modern code
|
||
maintenance. That's why these blocks in Org mode literature are sometimes
|
||
referred to as @samp{live code} blocks (as compared to the static text and
|
||
documentation around it). Users can control how @samp{live} they want each
|
||
block by tweaking the headers for compiling, execution, extraction.
|
||
|
||
Org's @samp{src} code block type is one of many block types, such as quote,
|
||
export, verse, latex, example, and verbatim. This section pertains to
|
||
@samp{src} code blocks between @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} and @samp{#+END_SRC}
|
||
|
||
For editing @samp{src} code blocks, Org provides native Emacs major-modes.
|
||
That leverages the latest Emacs features for that source code language mode.
|
||
|
||
For exporting, Org can then extract @samp{src} code blocks into compilable
|
||
source files (in a conversion process known as @dfn{tangling} in literate
|
||
programming terminology).
|
||
|
||
For publishing, Org's back-ends can handle the @samp{src} code blocks and the
|
||
text for output to a variety of formats with native syntax highlighting.
|
||
|
||
For executing the source code in the @samp{src} code blocks, Org provides
|
||
facilities that glue the tasks of compiling, collecting the results of the
|
||
execution, and inserting them back to the Org file. Besides text output,
|
||
results may include links to other data types that Emacs can handle: audio,
|
||
video, and graphics.
|
||
|
||
An important feature of Org's execution of the @samp{src} code blocks is
|
||
passing variables, functions, and results between @samp{src} blocks. Such
|
||
interoperability uses a common syntax even if these @samp{src} blocks are in
|
||
different source code languages. The integration extends to linking the
|
||
debugger's error messages to the line in the @samp{src} code block in the Org
|
||
file. That should partly explain why this functionality by the original
|
||
contributors, Eric Schulte and Dan Davison, was called @samp{Org Babel}.
|
||
|
||
In literate programming, the main appeal is code and documentation
|
||
co-existing in one file. Org mode takes this several steps further. First
|
||
by enabling execution, and then by inserting results of that execution back
|
||
into the Org file. Along the way, Org provides extensive formatting
|
||
features, including handling tables. Org handles multiple source code
|
||
languages in one file, and provides a common syntax for passing variables,
|
||
functions, and results between @samp{src} code blocks.
|
||
|
||
Org mode fulfills the promise of easy verification and maintenance of
|
||
publishing reproducible research by keeping all these in the same file: text,
|
||
data, code, configuration settings of the execution environment, the results
|
||
of the execution, and associated narratives, claims, references, and internal
|
||
and external links.
|
||
|
||
Details of Org's facilities for working with source code are shown next.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Structure of code blocks:: Code block syntax described
|
||
* Editing source code:: Language major-mode editing
|
||
* Exporting code blocks:: Export contents and/or results
|
||
* Extracting source code:: Create pure source code files
|
||
* Evaluating code blocks:: Place results of evaluation in the Org mode buffer
|
||
* Library of Babel:: Use and contribute to a library of useful code blocks
|
||
* Languages:: List of supported code block languages
|
||
* Header arguments:: Configure code block functionality
|
||
* Results of evaluation:: How evaluation results are handled
|
||
* Noweb reference syntax:: Literate programming in Org mode
|
||
* Key bindings and useful functions:: Work quickly with code blocks
|
||
* Batch execution:: Call functions from the command line
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Structure of code blocks
|
||
@section Structure of code blocks
|
||
@cindex code block, structure
|
||
@cindex source code, block structure
|
||
@cindex #+NAME
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN_SRC
|
||
|
||
Org offers two ways to structure source code in Org documents: in a
|
||
@samp{src} block, and directly inline. Both specifications are shown below.
|
||
|
||
A @samp{src} block conforms to this structure:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: <name>
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC <language> <switches> <header arguments>
|
||
<body>
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Org mode's templates system (@pxref{Easy templates}) speeds up creating
|
||
@samp{src} code blocks with just three keystrokes. Do not be put-off by
|
||
having to remember the source block syntax. Org also works with other
|
||
completion systems in Emacs, some of which predate Org and have custom
|
||
domain-specific languages for defining templates. Regular use of templates
|
||
reduces errors, increases accuracy, and maintains consistency.
|
||
|
||
@cindex source code, inline
|
||
An inline code block conforms to this structure:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
src_<language>@{<body>@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
src_<language>[<header arguments>]@{<body>@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item #+NAME: <name>
|
||
Optional. Names the @samp{src} block so it can be called, like a function,
|
||
from other @samp{src} blocks or inline blocks to evaluate or to capture the
|
||
results. Code from other blocks, other files, and from table formulas
|
||
(@pxref{The spreadsheet}) can use the name to reference a @samp{src} block.
|
||
This naming serves the same purpose as naming Org tables. Org mode requires
|
||
unique names. For duplicate names, Org mode's behavior is undefined.
|
||
@cindex #+NAME
|
||
@item #+BEGIN_SRC
|
||
@item #+END_SRC
|
||
Mandatory. They mark the start and end of a block that Org requires. The
|
||
@code{#+BEGIN_SRC} line takes additional arguments, as described next.
|
||
@cindex begin block, end block
|
||
@item <language>
|
||
Mandatory for live code blocks. It is the identifier of the source code
|
||
language in the block. @xref{Languages}, for identifiers of supported
|
||
languages.
|
||
@cindex source code, language
|
||
@item <switches>
|
||
Optional. Switches provide finer control of the code execution, export, and
|
||
format (see the discussion of switches in @ref{Literal examples})
|
||
@cindex source code, switches
|
||
@item <header arguments>
|
||
Optional. Heading arguments control many aspects of evaluation, export and
|
||
tangling of code blocks (@pxref{Header arguments}). Using Org's properties
|
||
feature, header arguments can be selectively applied to the entire buffer or
|
||
specific sub-trees of the Org document.
|
||
@item source code, header arguments
|
||
@item <body>
|
||
Source code in the dialect of the specified language identifier.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Editing source code
|
||
@section Editing source code
|
||
@cindex code block, editing
|
||
@cindex source code, editing
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-edit-src-auto-save-idle-delay
|
||
@vindex org-edit-src-turn-on-auto-save
|
||
@kindex C-c '
|
||
@kbd{C-c '} for editing the current code block. It opens a new major-mode
|
||
edit buffer containing the body of the @samp{src} code block, ready for any
|
||
edits. @kbd{C-c '} again to close the buffer and return to the Org buffer.
|
||
|
||
@key{C-x C-s} saves the buffer and updates the contents of the Org buffer.
|
||
|
||
Set @code{org-edit-src-auto-save-idle-delay} to save the base buffer after
|
||
a certain idle delay time.
|
||
|
||
Set @code{org-edit-src-turn-on-auto-save} to auto-save this buffer into a
|
||
separate file using @code{auto-save-mode}.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c '} to close the major-mode buffer and return back to the Org buffer.
|
||
|
||
While editing the source code in the major-mode, the @code{org-src-mode}
|
||
minor mode remains active. It provides these customization variables as
|
||
described below. For even more variables, look in the customization
|
||
group @code{org-edit-structure}.
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item org-src-lang-modes
|
||
If an Emacs major-mode named @code{<lang>-mode} exists, where @code{<lang>}
|
||
is the language identifier from code block's header line, then the edit
|
||
buffer uses that major-mode. Use this variable to arbitrarily map language
|
||
identifiers to major modes.
|
||
@item org-src-window-setup
|
||
For specifying Emacs window arrangement when the new edit buffer is created.
|
||
@item org-src-preserve-indentation
|
||
@cindex indentation, in source blocks
|
||
Default is @code{nil}. Source code is indented. This indentation applies
|
||
during export or tangling, and depending on the context, may alter leading
|
||
spaces and tabs. When non-@code{nil}, source code is aligned with the
|
||
leftmost column. No lines are modified during export or tangling, which is
|
||
very useful for white-space sensitive languages, such as Python.
|
||
@item org-src-ask-before-returning-to-edit-buffer
|
||
When @code{nil}, Org returns to the edit buffer without further prompts. The
|
||
default prompts for a confirmation.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Set @code{org-src-fontify-natively} to non-@code{nil} to turn on native code
|
||
fontification in the @emph{Org} buffer. Fontification of @samp{src} code
|
||
blocks can give visual separation of text and code on the display page. To
|
||
further customize the appearance of @code{org-block} for specific languages,
|
||
customize @code{org-src-block-faces}. The following example shades the
|
||
background of regular blocks, and colors source blocks only for Python and
|
||
Emacs-Lisp languages.
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(require 'color)
|
||
(set-face-attribute 'org-block nil :background
|
||
(color-darken-name
|
||
(face-attribute 'default :background) 3))
|
||
|
||
(setq org-src-block-faces '(("emacs-lisp" (:background "#EEE2FF"))
|
||
("python" (:background "#E5FFB8"))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Exporting code blocks
|
||
@section Exporting code blocks
|
||
@cindex code block, exporting
|
||
@cindex source code, exporting
|
||
|
||
Org can flexibly export just the @emph{code} from the code blocks, just the
|
||
@emph{results} of evaluation of the code block, @emph{both} the code and the
|
||
results of the code block evaluation, or @emph{none}. Org defaults to
|
||
exporting @emph{code} for most languages. For some languages, such as
|
||
@code{ditaa}, Org defaults to @emph{results}. To export just the body of
|
||
code blocks, @pxref{Literal examples}. To selectively export sub-trees of
|
||
an Org document, @pxref{Exporting}.
|
||
|
||
The @code{:exports} header arguments control exporting code blocks only and
|
||
not inline code:
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Header arguments:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@cindex @code{:exports}, src header argument
|
||
@item :exports code
|
||
This is the default for most languages where the body of the code block is
|
||
exported. See @ref{Literal examples} for more.
|
||
@item :exports results
|
||
On export, Org includes only the results and not the code block. After each
|
||
evaluation, Org inserts the results after the end of code block in the Org
|
||
buffer. By default, Org replaces any previous results. Org can also append
|
||
results.
|
||
@item :exports both
|
||
Org exports both the code block and the results.
|
||
@item :exports none
|
||
Org does not export the code block nor the results.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-export-use-babel
|
||
To stop Org from evaluating code blocks to speed exports, use the header
|
||
argument @code{:eval never-export} (@pxref{eval}). To stop Org from
|
||
evaluating code blocks for greater security, set the
|
||
@code{org-export-use-babel} variable to @code{nil}, but understand that
|
||
header arguments will have no effect.
|
||
|
||
Turning off evaluation comes in handy when batch processing. For example,
|
||
markup languages for wikis, which have a high risk of untrusted code.
|
||
Stopping code block evaluation also stops evaluation of all header arguments
|
||
of the code block. This may not be desirable in some circumstances. So
|
||
during export, to allow evaluation of just the header arguments but not any
|
||
code evaluation in the source block, set @code{:eval never-export}
|
||
(@pxref{eval}).
|
||
|
||
To evaluate just the inline code blocks, set @code{org-export-babel-evaluate}
|
||
to @code{inline-only}. Isolating the option to allow inline evaluations
|
||
separate from @samp{src} code block evaluations during exports is not for
|
||
security but for avoiding any delays due to recalculations, such as calls to
|
||
a remote database.
|
||
|
||
Org never evaluates code blocks in commented sub-trees when exporting
|
||
(@pxref{Comment lines}). On the other hand, Org does evaluate code blocks in
|
||
sub-trees excluded from export (@pxref{Export settings}).
|
||
|
||
@node Extracting source code
|
||
@section Extracting source code
|
||
@cindex tangling
|
||
@cindex source code, extracting
|
||
@cindex code block, extracting source code
|
||
|
||
Extracting source code from code blocks is a basic task in literate
|
||
programming. Org has features to make this easy. In literate programming
|
||
parlance, documents on creation are @emph{woven} with code and documentation,
|
||
and on export, the code is @emph{tangled} for execution by a computer. Org
|
||
facilitates weaving and tangling for producing, maintaining, sharing, and
|
||
exporting literate programming documents. Org provides extensive
|
||
customization options for extracting source code.
|
||
|
||
When Org tangles @samp{src} code blocks, it expands, merges, and transforms
|
||
them. Then Org recomposes them into one or more separate files, as
|
||
configured through the options. During this @emph{tangling} process, Org
|
||
expands variables in the source code, and resolves any ``noweb'' style
|
||
references (@pxref{Noweb reference syntax}).
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Header arguments
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@cindex @code{:tangle}, src header argument
|
||
@item :tangle no
|
||
By default, Org does not tangle the @samp{src} code block on export.
|
||
@item :tangle yes
|
||
Org extracts the contents of the code block for the tangled output. By
|
||
default, the output file name is the same as the Org file but with a file
|
||
extension derived from the language identifier of the @samp{src} code block.
|
||
@item :tangle filename
|
||
Override the default file name with this one for the tangled output.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v t
|
||
@subsubheading Functions
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item org-babel-tangle
|
||
Tangle the current file. Bound to @kbd{C-c C-v t}.
|
||
|
||
With prefix argument only tangle the current @samp{src} code block.
|
||
@item org-babel-tangle-file
|
||
Choose a file to tangle. Bound to @kbd{C-c C-v f}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Hooks
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item org-babel-post-tangle-hook
|
||
This hook runs from within code tangled by @code{org-babel-tangle}, making it
|
||
suitable for post-processing, compilation, and evaluation of code in the
|
||
tangled files.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Jumping between code and Org
|
||
|
||
Debuggers normally link errors and messages back to the source code. But for
|
||
tangled files, we want to link back to the Org file, not to the tangled
|
||
source file. To make this extra jump, Org uses
|
||
@code{org-babel-tangle-jump-to-org} function with two additional source code
|
||
block header arguments: One, set @code{padline} (@pxref{padline}) to true
|
||
(the default setting). Two, set @code{comments} (@pxref{comments}) to
|
||
@code{link}, which makes Org insert links to the Org file.
|
||
|
||
@node Evaluating code blocks
|
||
@section Evaluating code blocks
|
||
@cindex code block, evaluating
|
||
@cindex source code, evaluating
|
||
@cindex #+RESULTS
|
||
|
||
A note about security: With code evaluation comes the risk of harm. Org
|
||
safeguards by prompting for user's permission before executing any code in
|
||
the source block. To customize this safeguard (or disable it) see @ref{Code
|
||
evaluation security}.
|
||
|
||
Org captures the results of the @samp{src} code block evaluation and inserts
|
||
them in the Org file, right after the @samp{src} code block. The insertion
|
||
point is after a newline and the @code{#+RESULTS} label. Org creates the
|
||
@code{#+RESULTS} label if one is not already there.
|
||
|
||
By default, Org enables only @code{emacs-lisp} @samp{src} code blocks for
|
||
execution. See @ref{Languages} for identifiers to enable other languages.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
Org provides many ways to execute @samp{src} code blocks. @kbd{C-c C-c} or
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-v e} with the point on a @samp{src} code block@footnote{The option
|
||
@code{org-babel-no-eval-on-ctrl-c-ctrl-c} can be used to remove code
|
||
evaluation from the @kbd{C-c C-c} key binding.} calls the
|
||
@code{org-babel-execute-src-block} function, which executes the code in the
|
||
block, collects the results, and inserts them in the buffer.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+CALL
|
||
By calling a named code block@footnote{Actually, the constructs call_<name>()
|
||
and src_<lang>@{@} are not evaluated when they appear in a keyword line
|
||
(i.e. lines starting with @code{#+KEYWORD:}, @pxref{In-buffer settings}).}
|
||
from an Org mode buffer or a table. Org can call the named @samp{src} code
|
||
blocks from the current Org mode buffer or from the ``Library of Babel''
|
||
(@pxref{Library of Babel}). Whether inline syntax or the @code{#+CALL:}
|
||
syntax is used, the result is wrapped based on the variable
|
||
@code{org-babel-inline-result-wrap}, which by default is set to @code{"=%s="}
|
||
to produce verbatim text suitable for markup.
|
||
|
||
The syntax for @code{#+CALL:} is
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CALL: <name>(<arguments>)
|
||
#+CALL: <name>[<inside header arguments>](<arguments>) <end header arguments>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The syntax for inline named code block is
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
... call_<name>(<arguments>) ...
|
||
... call_<name>[<inside header arguments>](<arguments>)[<end header arguments>] ...
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item <name>
|
||
This is the name of the code block to be evaluated (@pxref{Structure of
|
||
code blocks}).
|
||
@item <arguments>
|
||
Org passes arguments to the code block using standard function call syntax.
|
||
For example, a @code{#+CALL:} line that passes @samp{4} to a code block named
|
||
@code{double}, which declares the header argument @code{:var n=2}, would be
|
||
written as @code{#+CALL: double(n=4)}. Note how this function call syntax is
|
||
different from the header argument syntax.
|
||
@item <inside header arguments>
|
||
Org passes inside header arguments to the named @samp{src} code block using
|
||
the header argument syntax. Inside header arguments apply to code block
|
||
evaluation. For example, @code{[:results output]} collects results printed
|
||
to @code{STDOUT} during code execution of that block. Note how this header
|
||
argument syntax is different from the function call syntax.
|
||
@item <end header arguments>
|
||
End header arguments affect the results returned by the code block. For
|
||
example, @code{:results html} wraps the results in a @code{BEGIN_EXPORT html}
|
||
block before inserting the results in the Org buffer.
|
||
|
||
For more examples of header arguments for @code{#+CALL:} lines,
|
||
@pxref{Arguments in function calls}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Library of Babel
|
||
@section Library of Babel
|
||
@cindex babel, library of
|
||
@cindex source code, library
|
||
@cindex code block, library
|
||
|
||
The ``Library of Babel'' is a collection of code blocks. Like a function
|
||
library, these code blocks can be called from other Org files. This
|
||
collection is in a repository file in Org mode format in the @samp{doc}
|
||
directory of Org mode installation. For remote code block evaluation syntax,
|
||
@pxref{Evaluating code blocks}.
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v i
|
||
For any user to add code to the library, first save the code in regular
|
||
@samp{src} code blocks of an Org file, and then load the Org file with
|
||
@code{org-babel-lob-ingest}, which is bound to @kbd{C-c C-v i}.
|
||
|
||
@node Languages
|
||
@section Languages
|
||
@cindex babel, languages
|
||
@cindex source code, languages
|
||
@cindex code block, languages
|
||
|
||
Org supports the following languages for the @samp{src} code blocks:
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
|
||
@headitem @b{Language} @tab @b{Identifier} @tab @b{Language} @tab @b{Identifier}
|
||
@item Asymptote @tab asymptote @tab Awk @tab awk
|
||
@item C @tab C @tab C++ @tab C++
|
||
@item Clojure @tab clojure @tab CSS @tab css
|
||
@item D @tab d @tab ditaa @tab ditaa
|
||
@item Graphviz @tab dot @tab Emacs Calc @tab calc
|
||
@item Emacs Lisp @tab emacs-lisp @tab Fortran @tab fortran
|
||
@item gnuplot @tab gnuplot @tab Haskell @tab haskell
|
||
@item Java @tab java @tab Javascript @tab js
|
||
@item LaTeX @tab latex @tab Ledger @tab ledger
|
||
@item Lisp @tab lisp @tab Lilypond @tab lilypond
|
||
@item Lua @tab lua @tab MATLAB @tab matlab
|
||
@item Mscgen @tab mscgen @tab Objective Caml @tab ocaml
|
||
@item Octave @tab octave @tab Org mode @tab org
|
||
@item Oz @tab oz @tab Perl @tab perl
|
||
@item Plantuml @tab plantuml @tab Processing.js @tab processing
|
||
@item Python @tab python @tab R @tab R
|
||
@item Ruby @tab ruby @tab Sass @tab sass
|
||
@item Scheme @tab scheme @tab GNU Screen @tab screen
|
||
@item Sed @tab sed @tab shell @tab sh
|
||
@item SQL @tab sql @tab SQLite @tab sqlite
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
Additional documentation for some languages are at
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages.html}.
|
||
|
||
By default, only @code{emacs-lisp} is enabled for evaluation. To enable or
|
||
disable other languages, customize the @code{org-babel-load-languages}
|
||
variable either through the Emacs customization interface, or by adding code
|
||
to the init file as shown next:
|
||
|
||
In this example, evaluation is disabled for @code{emacs-lisp}, and enabled
|
||
for @code{R}.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(org-babel-do-load-languages
|
||
'org-babel-load-languages
|
||
'((emacs-lisp . nil)
|
||
(R . t)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Note that this is not the only way to enable a language. Org also enables
|
||
languages when loaded with @code{require} statement. For example, the
|
||
following enables execution of @code{clojure} code blocks:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(require 'ob-clojure)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Header arguments
|
||
@section Header arguments
|
||
@cindex code block, header arguments
|
||
@cindex source code, block header arguments
|
||
|
||
Details of configuring header arguments are shown here.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Using header arguments:: Different ways to set header arguments
|
||
* Specific header arguments:: List of header arguments
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Using header arguments
|
||
@subsection Using header arguments
|
||
|
||
Since header arguments can be set in several ways, Org prioritizes them in
|
||
case of overlaps or conflicts by giving local settings a higher priority.
|
||
Header values in function calls, for example, override header values from
|
||
global defaults.
|
||
@menu
|
||
* System-wide header arguments:: Set globally, language-specific
|
||
* Language-specific header arguments:: Set in the Org file's headers
|
||
* Header arguments in Org mode properties:: Set in the Org file
|
||
* Language-specific mode properties::
|
||
* Code block specific header arguments:: The most commonly used method
|
||
* Arguments in function calls:: The most specific level, takes highest priority
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node System-wide header arguments
|
||
@subsubheading System-wide header arguments
|
||
@vindex org-babel-default-header-args
|
||
System-wide values of header arguments can be specified by adapting the
|
||
@code{org-babel-default-header-args} variable:
|
||
|
||
@cindex @code{:session}, src header argument
|
||
@cindex @code{:results}, src header argument
|
||
@cindex @code{:exports}, src header argument
|
||
@cindex @code{:cache}, src header argument
|
||
@cindex @code{:noweb}, src header argument
|
||
@example
|
||
:session => "none"
|
||
:results => "replace"
|
||
:exports => "code"
|
||
:cache => "no"
|
||
:noweb => "no"
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
This example sets @code{:noweb} header arguments to @code{yes}, which makes
|
||
Org expand @code{:noweb} references by default.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-babel-default-header-args
|
||
(cons '(:noweb . "yes")
|
||
(assq-delete-all :noweb org-babel-default-header-args)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Language-specific header arguments
|
||
@subsubheading Language-specific header arguments
|
||
Each language can have separate default header arguments by customizing the
|
||
variable @code{org-babel-default-header-args:<lang>}, where @code{<lang>} is
|
||
the name of the language. For details, see the language-specific online
|
||
documentation at @uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel}.
|
||
|
||
@node Header arguments in Org mode properties
|
||
@subsubheading Header arguments in Org mode properties
|
||
|
||
For header arguments applicable to the buffer, use @code{#+PROPERTY:} lines
|
||
anywhere in the Org mode file (@pxref{Property syntax}).
|
||
|
||
The following example sets only for @samp{R} code blocks to @code{session},
|
||
making all the @samp{R} code blocks execute in the same session. Setting
|
||
@code{results} to @code{silent} ignores the results of executions for all
|
||
blocks, not just @samp{R} code blocks; no results inserted for any block.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+PROPERTY: header-args:R :session *R*
|
||
#+PROPERTY: header-args :results silent
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-use-property-inheritance
|
||
Header arguments set through Org's property drawers (@pxref{Property syntax})
|
||
apply at the sub-tree level on down. Since these property drawers can appear
|
||
anywhere in the file hierarchy, Org uses outermost call or source block to
|
||
resolve the values. Org ignores @code{org-use-property-inheritance} setting.
|
||
|
||
In this example, @code{:cache} defaults to @code{yes} for all code blocks in
|
||
the sub-tree starting with @samp{sample header}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* sample header
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:header-args: :cache yes
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c C-x p
|
||
@vindex org-babel-default-header-args
|
||
Properties defined through @code{org-set-property} function, bound to
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-x p}, apply to all active languages. They override properties set
|
||
in @code{org-babel-default-header-args}.
|
||
|
||
@node Language-specific mode properties
|
||
@subsubheading Language-specific mode properties
|
||
|
||
Language-specific header arguments are also read from properties
|
||
@code{header-args:<lang>} where @code{<lang>} is the language identifier.
|
||
For example,
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
* Heading
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:header-args:clojure: :session *clojure-1*
|
||
:header-args:R: :session *R*
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Subheading
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:header-args:clojure: :session *clojure-2*
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
would force separate sessions for clojure blocks in Heading and Subheading,
|
||
but use the same session for all @samp{R} blocks. Blocks in Subheading
|
||
inherit settings from Heading.
|
||
|
||
@node Code block specific header arguments
|
||
@subsubheading Code block specific header arguments
|
||
|
||
Header arguments are most commonly set at the @samp{src} code block level, on
|
||
the @code{#+BEGIN_SRC} line. Arguments set at this level take precedence
|
||
over those set in the @code{org-babel-default-header-args} variable, and also
|
||
those set as header properties.
|
||
|
||
In the following example, setting @code{results} to @code{silent} makes it
|
||
ignore results of the code execution. Setting @code{:exports} to @code{code}
|
||
exports only the body of the @samp{src} code block to HTML or @LaTeX{}.:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: factorial
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC haskell :results silent :exports code :var n=0
|
||
fac 0 = 1
|
||
fac n = n * fac (n-1)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The same header arguments in an inline @samp{src} code block:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
src_haskell[:exports both]@{fac 5@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Code block header arguments can span multiple lines using @code{#+HEADER:} on
|
||
each line. Note that Org currently accepts the plural spelling of
|
||
@code{#+HEADER:} only as a convenience for backward-compatibility. It may be
|
||
removed at some point.
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+HEADER:
|
||
|
||
Multi-line header arguments on an unnamed @samp{src} code block:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+HEADER: :var data1=1
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data2=2
|
||
(message "data1:%S, data2:%S" data1 data2)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
: data1:1, data2:2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Multi-line header arguments on a named @samp{src} code block:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: named-block
|
||
#+HEADER: :var data=2
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
|
||
(message "data:%S" data)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: named-block
|
||
: data:2
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Arguments in function calls
|
||
@subsubheading Arguments in function calls
|
||
|
||
Header arguments in function calls are the most specific and override all
|
||
other settings in case of an overlap. They get the highest priority. Two
|
||
@code{#+CALL:} examples are shown below. For the complete syntax of
|
||
@code{#+CALL:} lines, see @ref{Evaluating code blocks}.
|
||
|
||
In this example, @code{:exports results} header argument is applied to the
|
||
evaluation of the @code{#+CALL:} line.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CALL: factorial(n=5) :exports results
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
In this example, @code{:session special} header argument is applied to the
|
||
evaluation of @code{factorial} code block.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+CALL: factorial[:session special](n=5)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Specific header arguments
|
||
@subsection Specific header arguments
|
||
Org comes with many header arguments common to all languages. New header
|
||
arguments are added for specific languages as they become available for use
|
||
in @samp{src} code blocks. A header argument is specified with an initial
|
||
colon followed by the argument's name in lowercase. Common header arguments
|
||
are:
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* var:: Pass arguments to @samp{src} code blocks
|
||
* results:: Specify results type; how to collect
|
||
* file:: Specify a path for output file
|
||
* file-desc:: Specify a description for file results
|
||
* file-ext:: Specify an extension for file output
|
||
* output-dir:: Specify a directory for output file
|
||
* dir:: Specify the default directory for code block execution
|
||
* exports:: Specify exporting code, results, both, none
|
||
* tangle:: Toggle tangling; or specify file name
|
||
* mkdirp:: Toggle for parent directory creation for target files during tangling
|
||
* comments:: Toggle insertion of comments in tangled code files
|
||
* padline:: Control insertion of padding lines in tangled code files
|
||
* no-expand:: Turn off variable assignment and noweb expansion during tangling
|
||
* session:: Preserve the state of code evaluation
|
||
* noweb:: Toggle expansion of noweb references
|
||
* noweb-ref:: Specify block's noweb reference resolution target
|
||
* noweb-sep:: String to separate noweb references
|
||
* cache:: Avoid re-evaluating unchanged code blocks
|
||
* sep:: Delimiter for writing tabular results outside Org
|
||
* hlines:: Handle horizontal lines in tables
|
||
* colnames:: Handle column names in tables
|
||
* rownames:: Handle row names in tables
|
||
* shebang:: Make tangled files executable
|
||
* tangle-mode:: Set permission of tangled files
|
||
* eval:: Limit evaluation of specific code blocks
|
||
* wrap:: Mark source block evaluation results
|
||
* post:: Post processing of results of code block evaluation
|
||
* prologue:: Text to prepend to body of code block
|
||
* epilogue:: Text to append to body of code block
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
For language-specific header arguments, see @ref{Languages}.
|
||
|
||
@node var
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:var}
|
||
@cindex @code{:var}, src header argument
|
||
Use @code{:var} for passing arguments to @samp{src} code blocks. The
|
||
specifics of variables in @samp{src} code blocks vary by the source language
|
||
and are covered in the language-specific documentation. The syntax for
|
||
@code{:var}, however, is the same for all languages. This includes declaring
|
||
a variable, and assigning a default value.
|
||
|
||
Arguments can take values as literals, or as references, or even as Emacs
|
||
Lisp code (@pxref{var, Emacs Lisp evaluation of variables}). References are
|
||
names from the Org file from the lines @code{#+NAME:} or @code{#+RESULTS:}.
|
||
References can also refer to tables, lists, @code{#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE} blocks,
|
||
other types of @samp{src} code blocks, or the results of execution of
|
||
@samp{src} code blocks.
|
||
|
||
For better performance, Org can cache results of evaluations. But caching
|
||
comes with severe limitations (@pxref{cache}).
|
||
|
||
Argument values are indexed like arrays (@pxref{var, Indexable variable
|
||
values}).
|
||
|
||
The following syntax is used to pass arguments to @samp{src} code blocks
|
||
using the @code{:var} header argument.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
:var name=assign
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The @code{assign} is a literal value, such as a string @samp{"string"}, a
|
||
number @samp{9}, a reference to a table, a list, a literal example, another
|
||
code block (with or without arguments), or the results from evaluating a code
|
||
block.
|
||
|
||
Here are examples of passing values by reference:
|
||
|
||
@table @dfn
|
||
|
||
@item table
|
||
an Org mode table named with either a @code{#+NAME:} line
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: example-table
|
||
| 1 |
|
||
| 2 |
|
||
| 3 |
|
||
| 4 |
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: table-length
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var table=example-table
|
||
(length table)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: table-length
|
||
: 4
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item list
|
||
a simple list named with a @code{#+NAME:} line. Note that only the top level
|
||
list items are passed along. Nested list items are ignored.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: example-list
|
||
- simple
|
||
- not
|
||
- nested
|
||
- list
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=example-list
|
||
(print x)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
| simple | list |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item code block without arguments
|
||
a code block name (from the example above), as assigned by @code{#+NAME:},
|
||
optionally followed by parentheses
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var length=table-length()
|
||
(* 2 length)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
: 8
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item code block with arguments
|
||
a @samp{src} code block name, as assigned by @code{#+NAME:}, followed by
|
||
parentheses and optional arguments passed within the parentheses following
|
||
the @samp{src} code block name using standard function call syntax
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: double
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=8
|
||
(* 2 input)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: double
|
||
: 16
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: squared
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=double(input=2)
|
||
(* input input)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: squared
|
||
: 4
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item literal example
|
||
a literal example block named with a @code{#+NAME:} line
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: literal-example
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
||
A literal example
|
||
on two lines
|
||
#+END_EXAMPLE
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: read-literal-example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=literal-example
|
||
(concatenate 'string x " for you.")
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: read-literal-example
|
||
: A literal example
|
||
: on two lines for you.
|
||
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Indexable variable values
|
||
Indexing variable values enables referencing portions of a variable. Indexes
|
||
are 0 based with negative values counting backwards from the end. If an
|
||
index is separated by @code{,}s then each subsequent section will index as
|
||
the next dimension. Note that this indexing occurs @emph{before} other
|
||
table-related header arguments are applied, such as @code{:hlines},
|
||
@code{:colnames} and @code{:rownames}. The following example assigns the
|
||
last cell of the first row the table @code{example-table} to the variable
|
||
@code{data}:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: example-table
|
||
| 1 | a |
|
||
| 2 | b |
|
||
| 3 | c |
|
||
| 4 | d |
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[0,-1]
|
||
data
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
: a
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Ranges of variable values can be referenced using two integers separated by a
|
||
@code{:}, in which case the entire inclusive range is referenced. For
|
||
example the following assigns the middle three rows of @code{example-table}
|
||
to @code{data}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: example-table
|
||
| 1 | a |
|
||
| 2 | b |
|
||
| 3 | c |
|
||
| 4 | d |
|
||
| 5 | 3 |
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[1:3]
|
||
data
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
| 2 | b |
|
||
| 3 | c |
|
||
| 4 | d |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To pick the entire range, use an empty index, or the single character
|
||
@code{*}. @code{0:-1} does the same thing. Example below shows how to
|
||
reference the first column only.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: example-table
|
||
| 1 | a |
|
||
| 2 | b |
|
||
| 3 | c |
|
||
| 4 | d |
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[,0]
|
||
data
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Index referencing can be used for tables and code blocks. Index referencing
|
||
can handle any number of dimensions. Commas delimit multiple dimensions, as
|
||
shown below.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: 3D
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
|
||
'(((1 2 3) (4 5 6) (7 8 9))
|
||
((10 11 12) (13 14 15) (16 17 18))
|
||
((19 20 21) (22 23 24) (25 26 27)))
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=3D[1,,1]
|
||
data
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
| 11 | 14 | 17 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Emacs Lisp evaluation of variables
|
||
|
||
Emacs lisp code can set the values for variables. To differentiate a value
|
||
from lisp code, Org interprets any value starting with @code{(}, @code{[},
|
||
@code{'} or @code{`} as Emacs Lisp code. The result of evaluating that code
|
||
is then assigned to the value of that variable. The following example shows
|
||
how to reliably query and pass file name of the Org mode buffer to a code
|
||
block using headers. We need reliability here because the file's name could
|
||
change once the code in the block starts executing.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :var filename=(buffer-file-name) :exports both
|
||
wc -w $filename
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Note that values read from tables and lists will not be mistakenly evaluated
|
||
as Emacs Lisp code, as illustrated in the following example.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: table
|
||
| (a b c) |
|
||
|
||
#+HEADER: :var data=table[0,0]
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC perl
|
||
$data
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
: (a b c)
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node results
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:results}
|
||
@cindex @code{:results}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
There are four classes of @code{:results} header arguments. Each @samp{src}
|
||
code block can take only one option per class.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
@b{collection} for how the results should be collected from the @samp{src}
|
||
code block
|
||
@item
|
||
@b{type} for which type of result the code block will return; affects how Org
|
||
processes and inserts results in the Org buffer
|
||
@item
|
||
@b{format} for the result; affects how Org processes and inserts results in
|
||
the Org buffer
|
||
@item
|
||
@b{handling} for processing results after evaluation of the @samp{src} code
|
||
block
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Collection
|
||
Collection options specify the results. Choose one of the options; they are
|
||
mutually exclusive.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{value}
|
||
Default. Functional mode. Result is the value returned by the last
|
||
statement in the @samp{src} code block. Languages like Python may require an
|
||
explicit @code{return} statement in the @samp{src} code block. Usage
|
||
example: @code{:results value}.
|
||
@item @code{output}
|
||
Scripting mode. Result is collected from STDOUT during execution of the code
|
||
in the @samp{src} code block. Usage example: @code{:results output}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Type
|
||
Type tells what result types to expect from the execution of the code
|
||
block. Choose one of the options; they are mutually exclusive. The default
|
||
behavior is to automatically determine the result type.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{table}, @code{vector}
|
||
Interpret the results as an Org table. If the result is a single value,
|
||
create a table with one row and one column. Usage example: @code{:results
|
||
value table}.
|
||
@item @code{list}
|
||
Interpret the results as an Org list. If the result is a single value,
|
||
create a list of one element.
|
||
@item @code{scalar}, @code{verbatim}
|
||
Interpret literally and insert as quoted text. Do not create a table. Usage
|
||
example: @code{:results value verbatim}.
|
||
@item @code{file}
|
||
Interpret as path to a file. Inserts a link to the file. Usage example:
|
||
@code{:results value file}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Format
|
||
Format pertains to the type of the result returned by the @samp{src} code
|
||
block. Choose one of the options; they are mutually exclusive. The default
|
||
follows from the type specified above.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{raw}
|
||
Interpreted as raw Org mode. Inserted directly into the buffer. Aligned if
|
||
it is a table. Usage example: @code{:results value raw}.
|
||
@item @code{org}
|
||
Results enclosed in a @code{BEGIN_SRC org} block. For comma-escape, either
|
||
@kbd{TAB} in the block, or export the file. Usage example: @code{:results
|
||
value org}.
|
||
@item @code{html}
|
||
Results enclosed in a @code{BEGIN_EXPORT html} block. Usage example:
|
||
@code{:results value html}.
|
||
@item @code{latex}
|
||
Results enclosed in a @code{BEGIN_EXPORT latex} block. Usage example:
|
||
@code{:results value latex}.
|
||
@item @code{code}
|
||
Result enclosed in a @samp{src} code block. Useful for parsing. Usage
|
||
example: @code{:results value code}.
|
||
@item @code{pp}
|
||
Result converted to pretty-print source code. Enclosed in a @samp{src} code
|
||
block. Languages supported: Emacs Lisp, Python, and Ruby. Usage example:
|
||
@code{:results value pp}.
|
||
@item @code{drawer}
|
||
Result wrapped in a RESULTS drawer. Useful for containing @code{raw} or
|
||
@code{org} results for later scripting and automated processing. Usage
|
||
example: @code{:results value drawer}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Handling
|
||
Handling options after collecting the results.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{silent}
|
||
Do not insert results in the Org mode buffer, but echo them in the
|
||
minibuffer. Usage example: @code{:results output silent}.
|
||
@item @code{replace}
|
||
Default. Insert results in the Org buffer. Remove previous results. Usage
|
||
example: @code{:results output replace}.
|
||
@item @code{append}
|
||
Append results to the Org buffer. Latest results are at the bottom. Does
|
||
not remove previous results. Usage example: @code{:results output append}.
|
||
@item @code{prepend}
|
||
Prepend results to the Org buffer. Latest results are at the top. Does not
|
||
remove previous results. Usage example: @code{:results output prepend}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node file
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:file}
|
||
@cindex @code{:file}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
An external @code{:file} that saves the results of execution of the code
|
||
block. The @code{:file} is either a file name or two strings, where the
|
||
first is the file name and the second is the description. A link to the file
|
||
is inserted. It uses an Org mode style @code{[[file:]]} link (@pxref{Link
|
||
format}). Some languages, such as @samp{R}, @samp{dot}, @samp{ditaa}, and
|
||
@samp{gnuplot}, automatically wrap the source code in additional boilerplate
|
||
code. Such code wrapping helps recreate the output, especially graphics
|
||
output, by executing just the @code{:file} contents.
|
||
|
||
@node file-desc
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:file-desc}
|
||
|
||
A description of the results file. Org uses this description for the link
|
||
(see @ref{Link format}) it inserts in the Org file. If the @code{:file-desc}
|
||
has no value, Org will use file name for both the ``link'' and the
|
||
``description'' portion of the Org mode link.
|
||
|
||
@node file-ext
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:file-ext}
|
||
@cindex @code{:file-ext}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
File name extension for the output file. Org generates the file's complete
|
||
name, and extension by combining @code{:file-ext}, @code{#+NAME:} of the
|
||
source block, and the @ref{output-dir} header argument. To override this
|
||
auto generated file name, use the @code{:file} header argument.
|
||
|
||
@node output-dir
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:output-dir}
|
||
@cindex @code{:output-dir}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
Specifies the @code{:output-dir} for the results file. Org accepts an
|
||
absolute path (beginning with @code{/}) or a relative directory (without
|
||
@code{/}). The value can be combined with @code{#+NAME:} of the source block
|
||
and @ref{file} or @ref{file-ext} header arguments.
|
||
|
||
@node dir
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:dir} and remote execution
|
||
@cindex @code{:dir}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
While the @code{:file} header argument can be used to specify the path to the
|
||
output file, @code{:dir} specifies the default directory during @samp{src}
|
||
code block execution. If it is absent, then the directory associated with
|
||
the current buffer is used. In other words, supplying @code{:dir path}
|
||
temporarily has the same effect as changing the current directory with
|
||
@kbd{M-x cd path RET}, and then not supplying @code{:dir}. Under the
|
||
surface, @code{:dir} simply sets the value of the Emacs variable
|
||
@code{default-directory}.
|
||
|
||
When using @code{:dir}, relative paths (for example, @code{:file myfile.jpg}
|
||
or @code{:file results/myfile.jpg}) become relative to the default directory.
|
||
|
||
For example, to save the plot file in the @samp{Work} folder of the home
|
||
directory (notice tilde is expanded):
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC R :file myplot.png :dir ~/Work
|
||
matplot(matrix(rnorm(100), 10), type="l")
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Remote execution
|
||
To evaluate the @samp{src} code block on a remote machine, supply a remote s
|
||
directory name using @samp{Tramp} syntax. For example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC R :file plot.png :dir /scp:dand@@yakuba.princeton.edu:
|
||
plot(1:10, main=system("hostname", intern=TRUE))
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Org first captures the text results as usual for insertion in the Org file.
|
||
Then Org also inserts a link to the remote file, thanks to Emacs
|
||
@samp{Tramp}. Org constructs the remote path to the file name from
|
||
@code{:dir} and @code{default-directory}, as illustrated here:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
[[file:/scp:dand@@yakuba.princeton.edu:/home/dand/plot.png][plot.png]]
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Some more warnings
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
When @code{:dir} is used with @code{:session}, Org sets the starting
|
||
directory for a new session. But Org will not alter the directory of an
|
||
already existing session.
|
||
@item
|
||
Do not use @code{:dir} with @code{:exports results} or with @code{:exports
|
||
both} to avoid Org inserting incorrect links to remote files. That is because
|
||
Org does not expand @code{default directory} to avoid some underlying
|
||
portability issues.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node exports
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:exports}
|
||
@cindex @code{:exports}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:exports} header argument is to specify if that part of the Org
|
||
file is exported to, say, HTML or @LaTeX{} formats. Note that
|
||
@code{:exports} affects only @samp{src} code blocks and not inline code.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{code}
|
||
The default. The body of code is included into the exported file. Example:
|
||
@code{:exports code}.
|
||
@item @code{results}
|
||
The results of evaluation of the code is included in the exported file.
|
||
Example: @code{:exports results}.
|
||
@item @code{both}
|
||
Both the code and results of evaluation are included in the exported file.
|
||
Example: @code{:exports both}.
|
||
@item @code{none}
|
||
Neither the code nor the results of evaluation is included in the exported
|
||
file. Whether the code is evaluated at all depends on other
|
||
options. Example: @code{:exports none}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node tangle
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:tangle}
|
||
@cindex @code{:tangle}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:tangle} header argument specifies if the @samp{src} code block is
|
||
exported to source file(s).
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{tangle}
|
||
Export the @samp{src} code block to source file. The file name for the
|
||
source file is derived from the name of the Org file, and the file extension
|
||
is derived from the source code language identifier. Example: @code{:tangle
|
||
yes}.
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
The default. Do not extract the code a source code file. Example:
|
||
@code{:tangle no}.
|
||
@item other
|
||
Export the @samp{src} code block to source file whose file name is derived
|
||
from any string passed to the @code{:tangle} header argument. Org derives
|
||
the file name as being relative to the directory of the Org file's location.
|
||
Example: @code{:tangle path}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node mkdirp
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:mkdirp}
|
||
@cindex @code{:mkdirp}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:mkdirp} header argument creates parent directories for tangled
|
||
files if the directory does not exist. @code{yes} enables directory creation
|
||
and @code{no} inhibits directory creation.
|
||
|
||
@node comments
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:comments}
|
||
@cindex @code{:comments}, src header argument
|
||
Controls inserting comments into tangled files. These are above and beyond
|
||
whatever comments may already exist in the @samp{src} code block.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
The default. Do not insert any extra comments during tangling.
|
||
@item @code{link}
|
||
Wrap the @samp{src} code block in comments. Include links pointing back to
|
||
the place in the Org file from where the code was tangled.
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
Kept for backward compatibility; same as ``link''.
|
||
@item @code{org}
|
||
Nearest headline text from Org file is inserted as comment. The exact text
|
||
that is inserted is picked from the leading context of the source block.
|
||
@item @code{both}
|
||
Includes both ``link'' and ``org'' comment options.
|
||
@item @code{noweb}
|
||
Includes ``link'' comment option, expands noweb references, and wraps them in
|
||
link comments inside the body of the @samp{src} code block.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node padline
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:padline}
|
||
@cindex @code{:padline}, src header argument
|
||
Control insertion of newlines to pad @samp{src} code blocks in the tangled
|
||
file.
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
Default. Insert a newline before and after each @samp{src} code block in the
|
||
tangled file.
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
Do not insert newlines to pad the tangled @samp{src} code blocks.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node no-expand
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:no-expand}
|
||
@cindex @code{:no-expand}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
By default Org expands @samp{src} code blocks during tangling. The
|
||
@code{:no-expand} header argument turns off such expansions. Note that one
|
||
side-effect of expansion by @code{org-babel-expand-src-block} also assigns
|
||
values to @code{:var} (@pxref{var}) variables. Expansions also replace
|
||
``noweb'' references with their targets (@pxref{Noweb reference syntax}).
|
||
Some of these expansions may cause premature assignment, hence this option.
|
||
This option makes a difference only for tangling. It has no effect when
|
||
exporting since @samp{src} code blocks for execution have to be expanded
|
||
anyway.
|
||
|
||
@node session
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:session}
|
||
@cindex @code{:session}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:session} header argument is for running multiple source code
|
||
blocks under one session. Org runs @samp{src} code blocks with the same
|
||
session name in the same interpreter process.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{none}
|
||
Default. Each @samp{src} code block gets a new interpreter process to
|
||
execute. The process terminates once the block is evaluated.
|
||
@item @code{other}
|
||
Any string besides @code{none} turns that string into the name of that
|
||
session. For example, @code{:session mysession} names it @samp{mysession}.
|
||
If @code{:session} has no argument, then the session name is derived from the
|
||
source language identifier. Subsequent blocks with the same source code
|
||
language use the same session. Depending on the language, state variables,
|
||
code from other blocks, and the overall interpreted environment may be
|
||
shared. Some interpreted languages support concurrent sessions when
|
||
subsequent source code language blocks change session names.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node noweb
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:noweb}
|
||
@cindex @code{:noweb}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:noweb} header argument controls expansion of ``noweb'' syntax
|
||
references (@pxref{Noweb reference syntax}). Expansions occur when source
|
||
code blocks are evaluated, tangled, or exported.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
Default. No expansion of ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code
|
||
when evaluating, tangling, or exporting.
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
Expansion of ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the @samp{src} code
|
||
block when evaluating, tangling, or exporting.
|
||
@item @code{tangle}
|
||
Expansion of ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the @samp{src} code
|
||
block when tangling. No expansion when evaluating or exporting.
|
||
@item @code{no-export}
|
||
Expansion of ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the @samp{src} code
|
||
block when evaluating or tangling. No expansion when exporting.
|
||
@item @code{strip-export}
|
||
Expansion of ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the @samp{src} code
|
||
block when expanding prior to evaluating or tangling. Removes ``noweb''
|
||
syntax references when exporting.
|
||
@item @code{eval}
|
||
Expansion of ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the @samp{src} code
|
||
block only before evaluating.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@subsubheading Noweb prefix lines
|
||
Noweb insertions now honor prefix characters that appear before
|
||
@code{<<reference>>}. This behavior is illustrated in the following example.
|
||
Because the @code{<<example>>} noweb reference appears behind the SQL comment
|
||
syntax, each line of the expanded noweb reference will be commented.
|
||
|
||
This @samp{src} code block:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
-- <<example>>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
expands to:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
-- this is the
|
||
-- multi-line body of example
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Since this change will not affect noweb replacement text without newlines in
|
||
them, inline noweb references are acceptable.
|
||
|
||
@node noweb-ref
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:noweb-ref}
|
||
@cindex @code{:noweb-ref}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
When expanding ``noweb'' style references, Org concatenates @samp{src} code
|
||
blocks by matching the reference name to either the block name or the
|
||
@code{:noweb-ref} header argument.
|
||
|
||
For simple concatenation, set this @code{:noweb-ref} header argument at the
|
||
sub-tree or file level. In the example Org file shown next, the body of the
|
||
source code in each block is extracted for concatenation to a pure code file.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle yes :noweb yes :shebang #!/bin/sh
|
||
<<fullest-disk>>
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
* the mount point of the fullest disk
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:header-args: :noweb-ref fullest-disk
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** query all mounted disks
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
||
df \
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
** strip the header row
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
||
|sed '1d' \
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
** output mount point of fullest disk
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
|
||
|awk '@{if (u < +$5) @{u = +$5; m = $6@}@} END @{print m@}'
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node noweb-sep
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:noweb-sep}
|
||
@cindex @code{:noweb-sep}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
By default a newline separates each noweb reference concatenation. To change
|
||
this newline separator, edit the @code{:noweb-sep} (@pxref{noweb-sep}) header
|
||
argument.
|
||
|
||
@node cache
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:cache}
|
||
@cindex @code{:cache}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:cache} header argument is for caching results of evaluating code
|
||
blocks. Caching results can avoid re-evaluating @samp{src} code blocks that
|
||
have not changed since the previous run. To benefit from the cache and avoid
|
||
redundant evaluations, the source block must have a result already present in
|
||
the buffer, and neither the header arguments (including the value of
|
||
@code{:var} references) nor the text of the block itself has changed since
|
||
the result was last computed. This feature greatly helps avoid long-running
|
||
calculations. For some edge cases, however, the cached results may not be
|
||
reliable.
|
||
|
||
The caching feature is best for when @samp{src} blocks are pure functions,
|
||
that is functions that return the same value for the same input arguments
|
||
(@pxref{var}), and that do not have side effects, and do not rely on external
|
||
variables other than the input arguments. Functions that depend on a timer,
|
||
file system objects, and random number generators are clearly unsuitable for
|
||
caching.
|
||
|
||
A note of warning: when @code{:cache} is used for a @code{:session}, caching
|
||
may cause unexpected results.
|
||
|
||
When the caching mechanism tests for any source code changes, it will not
|
||
expand ``noweb'' style references (@pxref{Noweb reference syntax}). For
|
||
reasons why, see @uref{http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.orgmode/79046}.
|
||
|
||
The @code{:cache} header argument can have one of two values: @code{yes} or
|
||
@code{no}.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
Default. No caching of results; @samp{src} code block evaluated every time.
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
Whether to run the code or return the cached results is determined by
|
||
comparing the SHA1 hash value of the combined @samp{src} code block and
|
||
arguments passed to it. This hash value is packed on the @code{#+RESULTS:}
|
||
line from previous evaluation. When hash values match, Org does not evaluate
|
||
the @samp{src} code block. When hash values mismatch, Org evaluates the
|
||
@samp{src} code block, inserts the results, recalculates the hash value, and
|
||
updates @code{#+RESULTS:} line.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
In this example, both functions are cached. But @code{caller} runs only if
|
||
the result from @code{random} has changed since the last run.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: random
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC R :cache yes
|
||
runif(1)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS[a2a72cd647ad44515fab62e144796432793d68e1]: random
|
||
0.4659510825295
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: caller
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=random :cache yes
|
||
x
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS[bec9c8724e397d5df3b696502df3ed7892fc4f5f]: caller
|
||
0.254227238707244
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node sep
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:sep}
|
||
@cindex @code{:sep}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:sep} header argument is the delimiter for saving results as tables
|
||
to files (@pxref{file}) external to Org mode. Org defaults to tab delimited
|
||
output. The function, @code{org-open-at-point}, which is bound to @kbd{C-c
|
||
C-o}, also uses @code{:sep} for opening tabular results.
|
||
|
||
@node hlines
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:hlines}
|
||
@cindex @code{:hlines}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
In-between each table row or below the table headings, sometimes results have
|
||
horizontal lines, which are also known as hlines. The @code{:hlines}
|
||
argument with the value @code{yes} accepts such lines. The default is
|
||
@code{no}.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
Strips horizontal lines from the input table. For most code, this is
|
||
desirable, or else those @code{hline} symbols raise unbound variable errors.
|
||
|
||
The default is @code{:hlines no}. The example shows hlines removed from the
|
||
input table.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: many-cols
|
||
| a | b | c |
|
||
|---+---+---|
|
||
| d | e | f |
|
||
|---+---+---|
|
||
| g | h | i |
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: echo-table
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols
|
||
return tab
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: echo-table
|
||
| a | b | c |
|
||
| d | e | f |
|
||
| g | h | i |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
For @code{:hlines yes}, the example shows hlines unchanged.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: many-cols
|
||
| a | b | c |
|
||
|---+---+---|
|
||
| d | e | f |
|
||
|---+---+---|
|
||
| g | h | i |
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: echo-table
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols :hlines yes
|
||
return tab
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: echo-table
|
||
| a | b | c |
|
||
|---+---+---|
|
||
| d | e | f |
|
||
|---+---+---|
|
||
| g | h | i |
|
||
@end example
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node colnames
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:colnames}
|
||
@cindex @code{:colnames}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:colnames} header argument accepts @code{yes}, @code{no}, or
|
||
@code{nil} values. The default value is @code{nil}, which is unassigned.
|
||
But this header argument behaves differently depending on the source code
|
||
language.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{nil}
|
||
If an input table has column names (because the second row is an hline), then
|
||
Org removes the column names, processes the table, puts back the column
|
||
names, and then writes the table to the results block.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: less-cols
|
||
| a |
|
||
|---|
|
||
| b |
|
||
| c |
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: echo-table-again
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=less-cols
|
||
return [[val + '*' for val in row] for row in tab]
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: echo-table-again
|
||
| a |
|
||
|----|
|
||
| b* |
|
||
| c* |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Note that column names have to accounted for when using variable indexing
|
||
(@pxref{var, Indexable variable values}) because column names are not removed
|
||
for indexing.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
Do not pre-process column names.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
For an input table that has no hlines, process it like the @code{nil}
|
||
value. That is, Org removes the column names, processes the table, puts back
|
||
the column names, and then writes the table to the results block.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node rownames
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:rownames}
|
||
@cindex @code{:rownames}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{:rownames} header argument can take on values @code{yes} or
|
||
@code{no} values. The default is @code{no}. Note that @code{emacs-lisp}
|
||
code blocks ignore @code{:rownames} header argument because of the ease of
|
||
table-handling in Emacs.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item @code{no}
|
||
Org will not pre-process row names.
|
||
|
||
@item @code{yes}
|
||
If an input table has row names, then Org removes the row names, processes
|
||
the table, puts back the row names, and then writes the table to the results
|
||
block.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+NAME: with-rownames
|
||
| one | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|
||
| two | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: echo-table-once-again
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=with-rownames :rownames yes
|
||
return [[val + 10 for val in row] for row in tab]
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS: echo-table-once-again
|
||
| one | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
|
||
| two | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Note that row names have to accounted for when using variable indexing
|
||
(@pxref{var, Indexable variable values}) because row names are not removed
|
||
for indexing.
|
||
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node shebang
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:shebang}
|
||
@cindex @code{:shebang}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
This header argument can turn results into executable script files. By
|
||
setting the @code{:shebang} header argument to a string value (for example,
|
||
@code{:shebang "#!/bin/bash"}), Org inserts that string as the first line of
|
||
the tangled file that the @samp{src} code block is extracted to. Org then
|
||
turns on the tangled file's executable permission.
|
||
|
||
@node tangle-mode
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:tangle-mode}
|
||
@cindex @code{:tangle-mode}, src header argument
|
||
|
||
The @code{tangle-mode} header argument specifies what permissions to set for
|
||
tangled files by @code{set-file-modes}. For example, to make read-only
|
||
tangled file, use @code{:tangle-mode (identity #o444)}. To make it
|
||
executable, use @code{:tangle-mode (identity #o755)}.
|
||
|
||
On @samp{src} code blocks with @code{shebang} (@pxref{shebang}) header
|
||
argument, Org will automatically set the tangled file to executable
|
||
permissions. But this can be overridden with custom permissions using
|
||
@code{tangle-mode} header argument.
|
||
|
||
When multiple @samp{src} code blocks tangle to a single file with different
|
||
and conflicting @code{tangle-mode} header arguments, Org's behavior is
|
||
undefined.
|
||
|
||
@node eval
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:eval}
|
||
@cindex @code{:eval}, src header argument
|
||
The @code{:eval} header argument can limit evaluation of specific code
|
||
blocks. It is useful for protection against evaluating untrusted @samp{src}
|
||
code blocks by prompting for a confirmation. This protection is independent
|
||
of the @code{org-confirm-babel-evaluate} setting.
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item never or no
|
||
Org will never evaluate this @samp{src} code block.
|
||
@item query
|
||
Org prompts the user for permission to evaluate this @samp{src} code block.
|
||
@item never-export or no-export
|
||
Org will not evaluate this @samp{src} code block when exporting, yet the user
|
||
can evaluate this source block interactively.
|
||
@item query-export
|
||
Org prompts the user for permission to export this @samp{src} code block.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
If @code{:eval} header argument is not set for a source block, then Org
|
||
determines whether to evaluate from the @code{org-confirm-babel-evaluate}
|
||
variable (@pxref{Code evaluation security}).
|
||
|
||
@node wrap
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:wrap}
|
||
@cindex @code{:wrap}, src header argument
|
||
The @code{:wrap} header argument marks the results block by appending strings
|
||
to @code{#+BEGIN_} and @code{#+END_}. If no string is specified, Org wraps
|
||
the results in a @code{#+BEGIN/END_RESULTS} block.
|
||
|
||
@node post
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:post}
|
||
@cindex @code{:post}, src header argument
|
||
The @code{:post} header argument is for post-processing results from
|
||
@samp{src} block evaluation. When @code{:post} has any value, Org binds the
|
||
results to @code{*this*} variable for easy passing to @ref{var} header
|
||
argument specifications. That makes results available to other @samp{src}
|
||
code blocks, or for even direct Emacs Lisp code execution.
|
||
|
||
The following two examples illustrate @code{:post} header argument in action.
|
||
The first one shows how to attach @code{#+ATTR_LATEX:} line using
|
||
@code{:post}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+name: attr_wrap
|
||
#+begin_src sh :var data="" :var width="\\textwidth" :results output
|
||
echo "#+ATTR_LATEX: :width $width"
|
||
echo "$data"
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
#+header: :file /tmp/it.png
|
||
#+begin_src dot :post attr_wrap(width="5cm", data=*this*) :results drawer
|
||
digraph@{
|
||
a -> b;
|
||
b -> c;
|
||
c -> a;
|
||
@}
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
:RESULTS:
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX :width 5cm
|
||
[[file:/tmp/it.png]]
|
||
:END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The second example shows use of @code{:colnames} in @code{:post} to pass
|
||
data between @samp{src} code blocks.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+name: round-tbl
|
||
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :var tbl="" fmt="%.3f"
|
||
(mapcar (lambda (row)
|
||
(mapcar (lambda (cell)
|
||
(if (numberp cell)
|
||
(format fmt cell)
|
||
cell))
|
||
row))
|
||
tbl)
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
#+begin_src R :colnames yes :post round-tbl[:colnames yes](*this*)
|
||
set.seed(42)
|
||
data.frame(foo=rnorm(1))
|
||
#+end_src
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
| foo |
|
||
|-------|
|
||
| 1.371 |
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node prologue
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:prologue}
|
||
@cindex @code{:prologue}, src header argument
|
||
The @code{prologue} header argument is for appending to the top of the code
|
||
block for execution. For example, a clear or reset code at the start of new
|
||
execution of a @samp{src} code block. A @code{reset} for @samp{gnuplot}:
|
||
@code{:prologue "reset"}. See also @ref{epilogue}.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-to-list 'org-babel-default-header-args:gnuplot
|
||
'((:prologue . "reset")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node epilogue
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:epilogue}
|
||
@cindex @code{:epilogue}, src header argument
|
||
The value of the @code{epilogue} header argument is for appending to the end
|
||
of the code block for execution. See also @ref{prologue}.
|
||
|
||
@node Results of evaluation
|
||
@section Results of evaluation
|
||
@cindex code block, results of evaluation
|
||
@cindex source code, results of evaluation
|
||
|
||
How Org handles results of a code block execution depends on many header
|
||
arguments working together. Here is only a summary of these. For an
|
||
enumeration of all the header arguments that affect results, see
|
||
@ref{results}.
|
||
|
||
The primary determinant is the execution context. Is it in a @code{:session}
|
||
or not? Orthogonal to that is if the expected result is a @code{:results
|
||
value} or @code{:results output}, which is a concatenation of output from
|
||
start to finish of the @samp{src} code block's evaluation.
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.26 0.33 0.41
|
||
@item @tab @b{Non-session} @tab @b{Session}
|
||
@item @code{:results value} @tab value of last expression @tab value of last expression
|
||
@item @code{:results output} @tab contents of STDOUT @tab concatenation of interpreter output
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
For @code{:session} and non-session, the @code{:results value} turns the
|
||
results into an Org mode table format. Single values are wrapped in a one
|
||
dimensional vector. Rows and columns of a table are wrapped in a
|
||
two-dimensional vector.
|
||
|
||
@subsection Non-session
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:results value}
|
||
@cindex @code{:results}, src header argument
|
||
Default. Org gets the value by wrapping the code in a function definition in
|
||
the language of the @samp{src} block. That is why when using @code{:results
|
||
value}, code should execute like a function and return a value. For
|
||
languages like Python, an explicit @code{return} statement is mandatory when
|
||
using @code{:results value}.
|
||
|
||
This is one of four evaluation contexts where Org automatically wraps the
|
||
code in a function definition.
|
||
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:results output}
|
||
@cindex @code{:results}, src header argument
|
||
For @code{:results output}, the code is passed to an external process running
|
||
the interpreter. Org returns the contents of the standard output stream as
|
||
as text results.
|
||
|
||
@subsection Session
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:results value}
|
||
@cindex @code{:results}, src header argument
|
||
For @code{:results value} from a @code{:session}, Org passes the code to an
|
||
interpreter running as an interactive Emacs inferior process. So only
|
||
languages that provide interactive evaluation can have session support. Not
|
||
all languages provide this support, such as @samp{C} and @samp{ditaa}. Even
|
||
those that do support, such as @samp{Python} and @samp{Haskell}, they impose
|
||
limitations on allowable language constructs that can run interactively. Org
|
||
inherits those limitations for those @samp{src} code blocks running in a
|
||
@code{:session}.
|
||
|
||
Org gets the value from the source code interpreter's last statement
|
||
output. Org has to use language-specific methods to obtain the value. For
|
||
example, from the variable @code{_} in @samp{Python} and @samp{Ruby}, and the
|
||
value of @code{.Last.value} in @samp{R}).
|
||
|
||
@subsubsection @code{:results output}
|
||
@cindex @code{:results}, src header argument
|
||
For @code{:results output}, Org passes the code to the interpreter running as
|
||
an interactive Emacs inferior process. Org concatenates whatever text output
|
||
emitted by the interpreter to return the collection as a result. Note that
|
||
this collection is not the same as collected from @code{STDOUT} of a
|
||
non-interactive interpreter running as an external process. Compare for
|
||
example these two blocks:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC python :results output
|
||
print "hello"
|
||
2
|
||
print "bye"
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
: hello
|
||
: bye
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
In the above non-session mode, the ``2'' is not printed; so does not appear
|
||
in results.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC python :results output :session
|
||
print "hello"
|
||
2
|
||
print "bye"
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+RESULTS:
|
||
: hello
|
||
: 2
|
||
: bye
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
In the above @code{:session} mode, the interactive interpreter receives and
|
||
prints ``2''. Results show that.
|
||
|
||
@node Noweb reference syntax
|
||
@section Noweb reference syntax
|
||
@cindex code block, noweb reference
|
||
@cindex syntax, noweb
|
||
@cindex source code, noweb reference
|
||
|
||
Org supports named blocks in ``noweb'' style syntax. For ``noweb'' literate
|
||
programming details, see @uref{http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/noweb/}).
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
<<code-block-name>>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
For the header argument @code{:noweb yes}, Org expands ``noweb'' style
|
||
references in the @samp{src} code block before evaluation.
|
||
|
||
For the header argument @code{:noweb no}, Org does not expand ``noweb'' style
|
||
references in the @samp{src} code block before evaluation.
|
||
|
||
The default is @code{:noweb no}.
|
||
|
||
Org offers a more flexible way to resolve ``noweb'' style references
|
||
(@pxref{noweb-ref}).
|
||
|
||
Org can handle naming of @emph{results} block, rather than the body of the
|
||
@samp{src} code block, using ``noweb'' style references.
|
||
|
||
For ``noweb'' style reference, append parenthesis to the code block name for
|
||
arguments, as shown in this example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
<<code-block-name(optional arguments)>>
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Note: Org defaults to @code{:noweb no} so as not to cause errors in languages
|
||
such as @samp{Ruby} where ``noweb'' syntax is equally valid characters. For
|
||
example, @code{<<arg>>}. Change Org's default to @code{:noweb yes} for
|
||
languages where there is no risk of confusion.
|
||
|
||
For faster tangling of large Org mode files, set
|
||
@code{org-babel-use-quick-and-dirty-noweb-expansion} variable to @code{t}.
|
||
The speedup comes at the expense of not correctly resolving inherited values
|
||
of the @code{:noweb-ref} header argument.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Key bindings and useful functions
|
||
@section Key bindings and useful functions
|
||
@cindex code block, key bindings
|
||
|
||
Many common Org mode key sequences are re-bound depending on the context.
|
||
|
||
Active key bindings in code blocks:
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-c} @tab @code{org-babel-execute-src-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-o
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-o} @tab @code{org-babel-open-src-block-result}
|
||
@kindex M-up
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{up}} @tab @code{org-babel-load-in-session}
|
||
@kindex M-down
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{down}} @tab @code{org-babel-switch-to-session}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
Active key bindings in Org mode buffer:
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.5 0.5
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v p
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-p
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v p} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-p} @tab @code{org-babel-previous-src-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v n
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-n
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v n} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-n} @tab @code{org-babel-next-src-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v e
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-e
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v e} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-e} @tab @code{org-babel-execute-maybe}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v o
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-o
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v o} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-o} @tab @code{org-babel-open-src-block-result}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v v
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-v
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v v} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-v} @tab @code{org-babel-expand-src-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v u
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-u
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v u} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-u} @tab @code{org-babel-goto-src-block-head}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v g
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-g
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v g} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-g} @tab @code{org-babel-goto-named-src-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v r
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-r
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v r} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-r} @tab @code{org-babel-goto-named-result}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v b
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-b
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v b} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-b} @tab @code{org-babel-execute-buffer}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v s
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-s
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v s} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-s} @tab @code{org-babel-execute-subtree}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v d
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-d
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v d} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-d} @tab @code{org-babel-demarcate-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v t
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-t
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v t} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-t} @tab @code{org-babel-tangle}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v f
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-f
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v f} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-f} @tab @code{org-babel-tangle-file}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v c
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-c
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v c} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-c} @tab @code{org-babel-check-src-block}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v j
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-j
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v j} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-j} @tab @code{org-babel-insert-header-arg}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v l
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-l
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v l} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-l} @tab @code{org-babel-load-in-session}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v i
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-i
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v i} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-i} @tab @code{org-babel-lob-ingest}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v I
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-I
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v I} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-I} @tab @code{org-babel-view-src-block-info}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v z
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-z
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v z} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-z} @tab @code{org-babel-switch-to-session-with-code}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v a
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-a
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v a} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-a} @tab @code{org-babel-sha1-hash}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v h
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-h
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v h} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} @tab @code{org-babel-describe-bindings}
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v x
|
||
@kindex C-c C-v C-x
|
||
@item @kbd{C-c C-v x} @ @ @r{or} @ @ @kbd{C-c C-v C-x} @tab @code{org-babel-do-key-sequence-in-edit-buffer}
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
@c Extended key bindings when control key is kept pressed:
|
||
|
||
@c @multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-a} @tab @code{org-babel-sha1-hash}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-b} @tab @code{org-babel-execute-buffer}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-f} @tab @code{org-babel-tangle-file}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-l} @tab @code{org-babel-lob-ingest}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-p} @tab @code{org-babel-expand-src-block}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-s} @tab @code{org-babel-execute-subtree}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-t} @tab @code{org-babel-tangle}
|
||
@c @item @kbd{C-c C-v C-z} @tab @code{org-babel-switch-to-session}
|
||
@c @end multitable
|
||
|
||
@node Batch execution
|
||
@section Batch execution
|
||
@cindex code block, batch execution
|
||
@cindex source code, batch execution
|
||
|
||
Org mode features, including working with source code facilities can be
|
||
invoked from the command line. This enables building shell scripts for batch
|
||
processing, running automated system tasks, and expanding Org mode's
|
||
usefulness.
|
||
|
||
The sample script shows batch processing of multiple files using
|
||
@code{org-babel-tangle}.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
# -*- mode: shell-script -*-
|
||
#
|
||
# tangle files with org-mode
|
||
#
|
||
DIR=`pwd`
|
||
FILES=""
|
||
|
||
# wrap each argument in the code required to call tangle on it
|
||
for i in $@@; do
|
||
FILES="$FILES \"$i\""
|
||
done
|
||
|
||
emacs -Q --batch \
|
||
--eval "(progn
|
||
(require 'org)(require 'ob)(require 'ob-tangle)
|
||
(mapc (lambda (file)
|
||
(find-file (expand-file-name file \"$DIR\"))
|
||
(org-babel-tangle)
|
||
(kill-buffer)) '($FILES)))" 2>&1 |grep -i tangled
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Miscellaneous
|
||
@chapter Miscellaneous
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Completion:: M-TAB guesses completions
|
||
* Easy templates:: Quick insertion of structural elements
|
||
* Speed keys:: Electric commands at the beginning of a headline
|
||
* Code evaluation security:: Org mode files evaluate inline code
|
||
* Customization:: Adapting Org to changing tastes
|
||
* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
|
||
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
|
||
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
|
||
* TTY keys:: Using Org on a tty
|
||
* Interaction:: With other Emacs packages
|
||
* org-crypt:: Encrypting Org files
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Completion
|
||
@section Completion
|
||
@cindex completion, of @TeX{} symbols
|
||
@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
|
||
@cindex completion, of dictionary words
|
||
@cindex completion, of option keywords
|
||
@cindex completion, of tags
|
||
@cindex completion, of property keys
|
||
@cindex completion, of link abbreviations
|
||
@cindex @TeX{} symbol completion
|
||
@cindex TODO keywords completion
|
||
@cindex dictionary word completion
|
||
@cindex option keyword completion
|
||
@cindex tag completion
|
||
@cindex link abbreviations, completion of
|
||
|
||
Org has in-buffer completions. Unlike minibuffer completions, which are
|
||
useful for quick command interactions, Org's in-buffer completions are more
|
||
suitable for content creation in Org documents. Type one or more letters and
|
||
invoke the hot key to complete the text in-place. Depending on the context
|
||
and the keys, Org will offer different types of completions. No minibuffer
|
||
is involved. Such mode-specific hot keys have become an integral part of
|
||
Emacs and Org provides several shortcuts.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
||
@item M-@key{TAB}
|
||
Complete word at point
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
At the beginning of a headline, complete TODO keywords.
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{\}, complete @TeX{} symbols supported by the exporter.
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{*}, complete headlines in the current buffer so that they
|
||
can be used in search links like @samp{[[*find this headline]]}.
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{:} in a headline, complete tags. The list of tags is taken
|
||
from the variable @code{org-tag-alist} (possibly set through the
|
||
@samp{#+TAGS} in-buffer option, @pxref{Setting tags}), or it is created
|
||
dynamically from all tags used in the current buffer.
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{:} and not in a headline, complete property keys. The list
|
||
of keys is constructed dynamically from all keys used in the current
|
||
buffer.
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{[}, complete link abbreviations (@pxref{Link abbreviations}).
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{#+}, complete the special keywords like @samp{TYP_TODO} or
|
||
file-specific @samp{OPTIONS}. After option keyword is complete, pressing
|
||
@kbd{M-@key{TAB}} again will insert example settings for that option.
|
||
@item
|
||
After @samp{#+STARTUP: }, complete startup keywords.
|
||
@item
|
||
When the point is anywhere else, complete dictionary words using Ispell.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
@kindex C-M-i
|
||
If your desktop intercepts the combo @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows, use
|
||
@kbd{C-M-i} or @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} as an alternative or customize your
|
||
environment.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Easy templates
|
||
@section Easy templates
|
||
@cindex template insertion
|
||
@cindex insertion, of templates
|
||
|
||
With just a few keystrokes, Org's easy templates inserts empty pairs of
|
||
structural elements, such as @code{#+BEGIN_SRC} and @code{#+END_SRC}. Easy
|
||
templates use an expansion mechanism, which is native to Org, in a process
|
||
similar to @file{yasnippet} and other Emacs template expansion packages.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{@key{<}} @kbd{@key{s}} @kbd{@key{TAB}} completes the @samp{src} code
|
||
block.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{<} @kbd{l} @kbd{@key{TAB}}
|
||
|
||
expands to:
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex
|
||
|
||
#+END_EXPORT
|
||
|
||
Org comes with these pre-defined easy templates:
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.1 0.9
|
||
@item @kbd{s} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_SRC ... #+END_SRC}
|
||
@item @kbd{e} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE ... #+END_EXAMPLE}
|
||
@item @kbd{q} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_QUOTE ... #+END_QUOTE}
|
||
@item @kbd{v} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_VERSE ... #+END_VERSE}
|
||
@item @kbd{c} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_CENTER ... #+END_CENTER}
|
||
@item @kbd{l} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex ... #+END_EXPORT}
|
||
@item @kbd{L} @tab @code{#+LATEX:}
|
||
@item @kbd{h} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_EXPORT html ... #+END_EXPORT}
|
||
@item @kbd{H} @tab @code{#+HTML:}
|
||
@item @kbd{a} @tab @code{#+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii ... #+END_EXPORT}
|
||
@item @kbd{A} @tab @code{#+ASCII:}
|
||
@item @kbd{i} @tab @code{#+INDEX:} line
|
||
@item @kbd{I} @tab @code{#+INCLUDE:} line
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
More templates can added by customizing the variable
|
||
@code{org-structure-template-alist}, whose docstring has additional details.
|
||
|
||
@node Speed keys
|
||
@section Speed keys
|
||
@cindex speed keys
|
||
|
||
Single keystrokes can execute custom commands in an Org file when the cursor
|
||
is on a headline. Without the extra burden of a meta or modifier key, Speed
|
||
Keys can speed navigation or execute custom commands. Besides faster
|
||
navigation, Speed Keys may come in handy on small mobile devices that do not
|
||
have full keyboards. Speed Keys may also work on TTY devices known for their
|
||
problems when entering Emacs keychords.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-use-speed-commands
|
||
By default, Org has Speed Keys disabled. To activate Speed Keys, set the
|
||
variable @code{org-use-speed-commands} to a non-@code{nil} value. To trigger
|
||
a Speed Key, the cursor must be at the beginning of an Org headline, before
|
||
any of the stars.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-speed-commands-user
|
||
@findex org-speed-command-help
|
||
Org comes with a pre-defined list of Speed Keys. To add or modify Speed
|
||
Keys, customize the variable, @code{org-speed-commands-user}. For more
|
||
details, see the variable's docstring. With Speed Keys activated, @kbd{M-x
|
||
org-speed-command-help}, or @kbd{?} when cursor is at the beginning of an Org
|
||
headline, shows currently active Speed Keys, including the user-defined ones.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Code evaluation security
|
||
@section Code evaluation and security issues
|
||
|
||
Unlike plain text, running code comes with risk. Each @samp{src} code block,
|
||
in terms of risk, is equivalent to an executable file. Org therefore puts a
|
||
few confirmation prompts by default. This is to alert the casual user from
|
||
accidentally running untrusted code.
|
||
|
||
For users who do not run code blocks or write code regularly, Org's default
|
||
settings should suffice. However, some users may want to tweak the prompts
|
||
for fewer interruptions. To weigh the risks of automatic execution of code
|
||
blocks, here are some details about code evaluation.
|
||
|
||
Org evaluates code in the following circumstances:
|
||
|
||
@table @i
|
||
@item Source code blocks
|
||
Org evaluates @samp{src} code blocks in an Org file during export. Org also
|
||
evaluates a @samp{src} code block with the @kbd{C-c C-c} key chord. Users
|
||
exporting or running code blocks must load files only from trusted sources.
|
||
Be weary of customizing variables that remove or alter default security
|
||
measures.
|
||
|
||
@defopt org-confirm-babel-evaluate
|
||
When @code{t}, Org prompts the user for confirmation before executing each
|
||
code block. When @code{nil}, Org executes code blocks without prompting the
|
||
user for confirmation. When this option is set to a custom function, Org
|
||
invokes the function with these two arguments: the source code language and
|
||
the body of the code block. The custom function must return either a
|
||
@code{t} or @code{nil}, which determines if the user is prompted. Each
|
||
source code language can be handled separately through this function
|
||
argument.
|
||
@end defopt
|
||
|
||
For example, this function enables execution of @samp{ditaa} code +blocks
|
||
without prompting:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(defun my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate (lang body)
|
||
(not (string= lang "ditaa"))) ; don't ask for ditaa
|
||
(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate 'my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@item Following @code{shell} and @code{elisp} links
|
||
Org has two link types that can also directly evaluate code (@pxref{External
|
||
links}). Because such code is not visible, these links have a potential
|
||
risk. Org therefore prompts the user when it encounters such links. The
|
||
customization variables are:
|
||
|
||
@defopt org-confirm-shell-link-function
|
||
Function that prompts the user before executing a shell link.
|
||
@end defopt
|
||
@defopt org-confirm-elisp-link-function
|
||
Function that prompts the user before executing an Emacs Lisp link.
|
||
@end defopt
|
||
|
||
@item Formulas in tables
|
||
Org executes formulas in tables (@pxref{The spreadsheet}) either through the
|
||
@emph{calc} or the @emph{Emacs Lisp} interpreters.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Customization
|
||
@section Customization
|
||
@cindex customization
|
||
@cindex options, for customization
|
||
@cindex variables, for customization
|
||
|
||
Org has more than 500 variables for customization. They can be accessed
|
||
through the usual @kbd{M-x org-customize RET} command. Or through the Org
|
||
menu, @code{Org->Customization->Browse Org Group}. Org also has per-file
|
||
settings for some variables (@pxref{In-buffer settings}).
|
||
|
||
@node In-buffer settings
|
||
@section Summary of in-buffer settings
|
||
@cindex in-buffer settings
|
||
@cindex special keywords
|
||
In-buffer settings start with @samp{#+}, followed by a keyword, a colon, and
|
||
then a word for each setting. Org accepts multiple settings on the same
|
||
line. Org also accepts multiple lines for a keyword. This manual describes
|
||
these settings throughout. A summary follows here.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c} activates any changes to the in-buffer settings. Closing and
|
||
reopening the Org file in Emacs also activates the changes.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-archive-location
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@item #+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
|
||
Sets the archive location of the agenda file. This location applies to the
|
||
lines until the next @samp{#+ARCHIVE} line, if any, in the Org file. The
|
||
first archive location in the Org file also applies to any entries before it.
|
||
The corresponding variable is @code{org-archive-location}.
|
||
@item #+CATEGORY:
|
||
Sets the category of the agenda file, which applies to the entire document.
|
||
@item #+COLUMNS: %25ITEM ...
|
||
@cindex property, COLUMNS
|
||
Sets the default format for columns view. Org uses this format for column
|
||
views where there is no @code{COLUMNS} property.
|
||
@item #+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...
|
||
@vindex org-table-formula-constants
|
||
@vindex org-table-formula
|
||
Set file-local values for constants that table formulas can use. This line
|
||
sets the local variable @code{org-table-formula-constants-local}. The global
|
||
version of this variable is @code{org-table-formula-constants}.
|
||
@item #+FILETAGS: :tag1:tag2:tag3:
|
||
Set tags that all entries in the file will inherit from here, including the
|
||
top-level entries.
|
||
@item #+LINK: linkword replace
|
||
@vindex org-link-abbrev-alist
|
||
Each line specifies one abbreviation for one link. Use multiple
|
||
@code{#+LINK:} lines for more, @pxref{Link abbreviations}. The corresponding
|
||
variable is @code{org-link-abbrev-alist}.
|
||
@item #+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default
|
||
@vindex org-highest-priority
|
||
@vindex org-lowest-priority
|
||
@vindex org-default-priority
|
||
This line sets the limits and the default for the priorities. All three
|
||
must be either letters A--Z or numbers 0--9. The highest priority must
|
||
have a lower ASCII number than the lowest priority.
|
||
@item #+PROPERTY: Property_Name Value
|
||
This line sets a default inheritance value for entries in the current
|
||
buffer, most useful for specifying the allowed values of a property.
|
||
@cindex #+SETUPFILE
|
||
@item #+SETUPFILE: file or URL
|
||
The setup file or a URL pointing to such file is for additional in-buffer
|
||
settings. Org loads this file and parses it for any settings in it only when
|
||
Org opens the main file. If URL is specified, the contents are downloaded
|
||
and stored in a temporary file cache. @kbd{C-c C-c} on the settings line
|
||
will parse and load the file, and also reset the temporary file cache. Org
|
||
also parses and loads the document during normal exporting process. Org
|
||
parses the contents of this document as if it was included in the buffer. It
|
||
can be another Org file. To visit the file (not a URL), @kbd{C-c '} while
|
||
the cursor is on the line with the file name.
|
||
@item #+STARTUP:
|
||
@cindex #+STARTUP
|
||
Startup options Org uses when first visiting a file.
|
||
|
||
The first set of options deals with the initial visibility of the outline
|
||
tree. The corresponding variable for global default settings is
|
||
@code{org-startup-folded} with a default value of @code{t}, which is the same
|
||
as @code{overview}.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-folded
|
||
@cindex @code{overview}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{content}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{showall}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{showeverything}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
overview @r{top-level headlines only}
|
||
content @r{all headlines}
|
||
showall @r{no folding of any entries}
|
||
showeverything @r{show even drawer contents}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-indented
|
||
@cindex @code{indent}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{noindent}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
Dynamic virtual indentation is controlled by the variable
|
||
@code{org-startup-indented}
|
||
@example
|
||
indent @r{start with @code{org-indent-mode} turned on}
|
||
noindent @r{start with @code{org-indent-mode} turned off}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-align-all-tables
|
||
Aligns tables consistently upon visiting a file; useful for restoring
|
||
narrowed table columns. The corresponding variable is
|
||
@code{org-startup-align-all-tables} with @code{nil} as default value.
|
||
|
||
@cindex @code{align}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{noalign}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
align @r{align all tables}
|
||
noalign @r{don't align tables on startup}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-with-inline-images
|
||
Whether Org should automatically display inline images. The corresponding
|
||
variable is @code{org-startup-with-inline-images}, with a default value
|
||
@code{nil} to avoid delays when visiting a file.
|
||
@cindex @code{inlineimages}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{noinlineimages}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
inlineimages @r{show inline images}
|
||
noinlineimages @r{don't show inline images on startup}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-startup-with-latex-preview
|
||
Whether Org should automatically convert @LaTeX{} fragments to images. The
|
||
variable @code{org-startup-with-latex-preview}, which controls this setting,
|
||
is set to @code{nil} by default to avoid startup delays.
|
||
@cindex @code{latexpreview}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nolatexpreview}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
latexpreview @r{preview @LaTeX{} fragments}
|
||
nolatexpreview @r{don't preview @LaTeX{} fragments}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-log-done
|
||
@vindex org-log-note-clock-out
|
||
@vindex org-log-repeat
|
||
Logging the closing and reopening of TODO items and clock intervals can be
|
||
configured using these options (see variables @code{org-log-done},
|
||
@code{org-log-note-clock-out} and @code{org-log-repeat})
|
||
@cindex @code{logdone}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{lognotedone}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologdone}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{lognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nolognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{logrepeat}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{lognoterepeat}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologrepeat}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{logreschedule}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{lognotereschedule}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologreschedule}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{logredeadline}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{lognoteredeadline}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologredeadline}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{logrefile}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{lognoterefile}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologrefile}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{logdrawer}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologdrawer}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{logstatesreversed}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nologstatesreversed}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
logdone @r{record a timestamp when an item is marked DONE}
|
||
lognotedone @r{record timestamp and a note when DONE}
|
||
nologdone @r{don't record when items are marked DONE}
|
||
logrepeat @r{record a time when reinstating a repeating item}
|
||
lognoterepeat @r{record a note when reinstating a repeating item}
|
||
nologrepeat @r{do not record when reinstating repeating item}
|
||
lognoteclock-out @r{record a note when clocking out}
|
||
nolognoteclock-out @r{don't record a note when clocking out}
|
||
logreschedule @r{record a timestamp when scheduling time changes}
|
||
lognotereschedule @r{record a note when scheduling time changes}
|
||
nologreschedule @r{do not record when a scheduling date changes}
|
||
logredeadline @r{record a timestamp when deadline changes}
|
||
lognoteredeadline @r{record a note when deadline changes}
|
||
nologredeadline @r{do not record when a deadline date changes}
|
||
logrefile @r{record a timestamp when refiling}
|
||
lognoterefile @r{record a note when refiling}
|
||
nologrefile @r{do not record when refiling}
|
||
logdrawer @r{store log into drawer}
|
||
nologdrawer @r{store log outside of drawer}
|
||
logstatesreversed @r{reverse the order of states notes}
|
||
nologstatesreversed @r{do not reverse the order of states notes}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-hide-leading-stars
|
||
@vindex org-odd-levels-only
|
||
These options hide leading stars in outline headings, and indent outlines.
|
||
The corresponding variables are @code{org-hide-leading-stars} and
|
||
@code{org-odd-levels-only}, both with a default setting of @code{nil}
|
||
(meaning @code{showstars} and @code{oddeven}).
|
||
@cindex @code{hidestars}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{showstars}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{odd}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{even}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
hidestars @r{hide all stars on the headline except one.}
|
||
showstars @r{show all stars on the headline}
|
||
indent @r{virtual indents according to the outline level}
|
||
noindent @r{no virtual indents}
|
||
odd @r{show odd outline levels only (1,3,...)}
|
||
oddeven @r{show all outline levels}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-put-time-stamp-overlays
|
||
@vindex org-time-stamp-overlay-formats
|
||
To turn on custom format overlays over timestamps (variables
|
||
@code{org-put-time-stamp-overlays} and
|
||
@code{org-time-stamp-overlay-formats}), use
|
||
@cindex @code{customtime}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
customtime @r{overlay custom time format}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex constants-unit-system
|
||
The following options influence the table spreadsheet (variable
|
||
@code{constants-unit-system}).
|
||
@cindex @code{constcgs}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{constSI}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
constcgs @r{@file{constants.el} should use the c-g-s unit system}
|
||
constSI @r{@file{constants.el} should use the SI unit system}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-define-inline
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-auto-label
|
||
@vindex org-footnote-auto-adjust
|
||
For footnote settings, use the following keywords. The corresponding
|
||
variables are @code{org-footnote-define-inline},
|
||
@code{org-footnote-auto-label}, and @code{org-footnote-auto-adjust}.
|
||
@cindex @code{fninline}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nofninline}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{fnlocal}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{fnprompt}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{fnauto}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{fnconfirm}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{fnplain}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{fnadjust}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nofnadjust}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
fninline @r{define footnotes inline}
|
||
fnnoinline @r{define footnotes in separate section}
|
||
fnlocal @r{define footnotes near first reference, but not inline}
|
||
fnprompt @r{prompt for footnote labels}
|
||
fnauto @r{create @code{[fn:1]}-like labels automatically (default)}
|
||
fnconfirm @r{offer automatic label for editing or confirmation}
|
||
fnplain @r{create @code{[1]}-like labels automatically}
|
||
fnadjust @r{automatically renumber and sort footnotes}
|
||
nofnadjust @r{do not renumber and sort automatically}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex org-hide-block-startup
|
||
To hide blocks on startup, use these keywords. The corresponding variable is
|
||
@code{org-hide-block-startup}.
|
||
@cindex @code{hideblocks}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{nohideblocks}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
hideblocks @r{Hide all begin/end blocks on startup}
|
||
nohideblocks @r{Do not hide blocks on startup}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@cindex org-pretty-entities
|
||
The display of entities as UTF-8 characters is governed by the variable
|
||
@code{org-pretty-entities} and the keywords
|
||
@cindex @code{entitiespretty}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@cindex @code{entitiesplain}, STARTUP keyword
|
||
@example
|
||
entitiespretty @r{Show entities as UTF-8 characters where possible}
|
||
entitiesplain @r{Leave entities plain}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@item #+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2)
|
||
@vindex org-tag-alist
|
||
These lines specify valid tags for this file. Org accepts multiple tags
|
||
lines. Tags could correspond to the @emph{fast tag selection} keys. The
|
||
corresponding variable is @code{org-tag-alist}.
|
||
@cindex #+TBLFM
|
||
@item #+TBLFM:
|
||
This line is for formulas for the table directly above. A table can have
|
||
multiple @samp{#+TBLFM:} lines. On table recalculation, Org applies only the
|
||
first @samp{#+TBLFM:} line. For details see @ref{Using multiple #+TBLFM
|
||
lines} in @ref{Editing and debugging formulas}.
|
||
@item #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+DATE:,
|
||
@itemx #+OPTIONS:, #+BIND:,
|
||
@itemx #+SELECT_TAGS:, #+EXCLUDE_TAGS:
|
||
These lines provide settings for exporting files. For more details see
|
||
@ref{Export settings}.
|
||
@item #+TODO: #+SEQ_TODO: #+TYP_TODO:
|
||
@vindex org-todo-keywords
|
||
These lines set the TODO keywords and their significance to the current file.
|
||
The corresponding variable is @code{org-todo-keywords}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node The very busy C-c C-c key
|
||
@section The very busy C-c C-c key
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@cindex C-c C-c, overview
|
||
|
||
The @kbd{C-c C-c} key in Org serves many purposes depending on the context.
|
||
It is probably the most over-worked, multi-purpose key combination in Org.
|
||
Its uses are well-documented through out this manual, but here is a
|
||
consolidated list for easy reference.
|
||
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
If any highlights shown in the buffer from the creation of a sparse tree, or
|
||
from clock display, remove such highlights.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is in one of the special @code{#+KEYWORD} lines, scan the
|
||
buffer for these lines and update the information. Also reset the Org file
|
||
cache used to temporary store the contents of URLs used as values for
|
||
keywords like @code{#+SETUPFILE}.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. The table realigns even
|
||
if automatic table editor is turned off.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is on a @code{#+TBLFM} line, re-apply the formulas to
|
||
the entire table.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the current buffer is a capture buffer, close the note and file it. With
|
||
a prefix argument, also jump to the target location after saving the note.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is on a @code{<<<target>>>}, update radio targets and
|
||
corresponding links in this buffer.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is on a property line or at the start or end of a property
|
||
drawer, offer property commands.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is at a footnote reference, go to the corresponding
|
||
definition, and @emph{vice versa}.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is on a statistics cookie, update it.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status
|
||
of the checkbox.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
|
||
ordered list.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is on the @code{#+BEGIN} line of a dynamic block, the
|
||
block is updated.
|
||
@item
|
||
If the cursor is at a timestamp, fix the day name in the timestamp.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node Clean view
|
||
@section A cleaner outline view
|
||
@cindex hiding leading stars
|
||
@cindex dynamic indentation
|
||
@cindex odd-levels-only outlines
|
||
@cindex clean outline view
|
||
|
||
Org's default outline with stars and no indents can become too cluttered for
|
||
short documents. For @emph{book-like} long documents, the effect is not as
|
||
noticeable. Org provides an alternate stars and indentation scheme, as shown
|
||
on the right in the following table. It uses only one star and indents text
|
||
to line with the heading:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
* Top level headline | * Top level headline
|
||
** Second level | * Second level
|
||
*** 3rd level | * 3rd level
|
||
some text | some text
|
||
*** 3rd level | * 3rd level
|
||
more text | more text
|
||
* Another top level headline | * Another top level headline
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
|
||
To turn this mode on, use the minor mode, @code{org-indent-mode}. Text lines
|
||
that are not headlines are prefixed with spaces to vertically align with the
|
||
headline text@footnote{The @code{org-indent-mode} also sets the
|
||
@code{wrap-prefix} correctly for indenting and wrapping long lines of
|
||
headlines or text. This minor mode handles @code{visual-line-mode} and
|
||
directly applied settings through @code{word-wrap}.}.
|
||
|
||
To make more horizontal space, the headlines are shifted by two stars. This
|
||
can be configured by the @code{org-indent-indentation-per-level} variable.
|
||
Only one star on each headline is visible, the rest are masked with the same
|
||
font color as the background. This font face can be configured with the
|
||
@code{org-hide} variable.
|
||
|
||
Note that turning on @code{org-indent-mode} sets
|
||
@code{org-hide-leading-stars} to @code{t} and @code{org-adapt-indentation} to
|
||
@code{nil}; @samp{2.} below shows how this works.
|
||
|
||
To globally turn on @code{org-indent-mode} for all files, customize the
|
||
variable @code{org-startup-indented}.
|
||
|
||
To turn on indenting for individual files, use @code{#+STARTUP} option as
|
||
follows:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: indent
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
Indent on startup makes Org use hard spaces to align text with headings as
|
||
shown in examples below.
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
@emph{Indentation of text below headlines}@*
|
||
Indent text to align with the headline.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
*** 3rd level
|
||
more text, now indented
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-adapt-indentation
|
||
Org adapts indentations with paragraph filling, line wrapping, and structure
|
||
editing@footnote{Also see the variable @code{org-adapt-indentation}.}.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-hide-leading-stars
|
||
@emph{Hiding leading stars}@* Org can make leading stars invisible. For
|
||
global preference, configure the variable @code{org-hide-leading-stars}. For
|
||
per-file preference, use these file @code{#+STARTUP} options:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: hidestars
|
||
#+STARTUP: showstars
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
With stars hidden, the tree is shown as:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
@group
|
||
* Top level headline
|
||
* Second level
|
||
* 3rd level
|
||
...
|
||
@end group
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex org-hide @r{(face)}
|
||
Because Org makes the font color same as the background color to hide to
|
||
stars, sometimes @code{org-hide} face may need tweaking to get the effect
|
||
right. For some black and white combinations, @code{grey90} on a white
|
||
background might mask the stars better.
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-odd-levels-only
|
||
Using stars for only odd levels, 1, 3, 5, @dots{}, can also clean up the
|
||
clutter. This removes two stars from each level@footnote{Because
|
||
@samp{LEVEL=2} has 3 stars, @samp{LEVEL=3} has 4 stars, and so on}. For Org
|
||
to properly handle this cleaner structure during edits and exports, configure
|
||
the variable @code{org-odd-levels-only}. To set this per-file, use either
|
||
one of the following lines:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+STARTUP: odd
|
||
#+STARTUP: oddeven
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
To switch between single and double stars layouts, use @kbd{M-x
|
||
org-convert-to-odd-levels RET} and @kbd{M-x org-convert-to-oddeven-levels}.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@node TTY keys
|
||
@section Using Org on a tty
|
||
@cindex tty key bindings
|
||
|
||
Org provides alternative key bindings for TTY and modern mobile devices that
|
||
cannot handle cursor keys and complex modifier key chords. Some of these
|
||
workarounds may be more cumbersome than necessary. Users should look into
|
||
customizing these further based on their usage needs. For example, the
|
||
normal @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} for editing timestamp might be better with
|
||
@kbd{C-c .} chord.
|
||
|
||
@multitable @columnfractions 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.2
|
||
@item @b{Default} @tab @b{Alternative 1} @tab @b{Speed key} @tab @b{Alternative 2}
|
||
@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} @tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} @tab @kbd{C} @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x l} @tab @kbd{l} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{left}}
|
||
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x L} @tab @kbd{L} @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x r} @tab @kbd{r} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{right}}
|
||
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x R} @tab @kbd{R} @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x u} @tab @kbd{ } @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{up}}
|
||
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x U} @tab @kbd{U} @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x d} @tab @kbd{ } @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{down}}
|
||
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x D} @tab @kbd{D} @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{S-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x c} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x m} @tab @kbd{ } @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{RET}}
|
||
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x M} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{left}} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{right}} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{S-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{up}} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{down}} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{C-S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{left}} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@item @kbd{C-S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{right}} @tab @kbd{ } @tab
|
||
@end multitable
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Interaction
|
||
@section Interaction with other packages
|
||
@cindex packages, interaction with other
|
||
Org's compatibility and the level of interaction with other Emacs packages
|
||
are documented here.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Cooperation:: Packages Org cooperates with
|
||
* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Cooperation
|
||
@subsection Packages that Org cooperates with
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
@cindex @file{calc.el}
|
||
@cindex Gillespie, Dave
|
||
@item @file{calc.el} by Dave Gillespie
|
||
Org uses the Calc package for tables to implement spreadsheet functionality
|
||
(@pxref{The spreadsheet}). Org also uses Calc for embedded calculations.
|
||
@xref{Embedded Mode, , Embedded Mode, calc, GNU Emacs Calc Manual}.
|
||
@item @file{constants.el} by Carsten Dominik
|
||
@cindex @file{constants.el}
|
||
@cindex Dominik, Carsten
|
||
@vindex org-table-formula-constants
|
||
Org can use names for constants in formulas in tables. Org can also use
|
||
calculation suffixes for units, such as @samp{M} for @samp{Mega}. For a
|
||
standard collection of such constants, install the @file{constants} package.
|
||
Install version 2.0 of this package, available at
|
||
@url{https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/c.dominik/Tools/}. Org checks if the function
|
||
@code{constants-get} has been autoloaded. Installation instructions are in
|
||
the file, @file{constants.el}.
|
||
@item @file{cdlatex.el} by Carsten Dominik
|
||
@cindex @file{cdlatex.el}
|
||
@cindex Dominik, Carsten
|
||
Org mode can use CD@LaTeX{} package to efficiently enter @LaTeX{} fragments
|
||
into Org files (@pxref{CDLaTeX mode}).
|
||
@item @file{imenu.el} by Ake Stenhoff and Lars Lindberg
|
||
@cindex @file{imenu.el}
|
||
Imenu creates dynamic menus based on an index of items in a file. Org mode
|
||
supports Imenu menus. Enable it with a mode hook as follows:
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
|
||
(lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Imenu")))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@vindex org-imenu-depth
|
||
By default the Imenu index is two levels deep. Change the index depth using
|
||
thes variable, @code{org-imenu-depth}.
|
||
@item @file{speedbar.el} by Eric M. Ludlam
|
||
@cindex @file{speedbar.el}
|
||
@cindex Ludlam, Eric M.
|
||
Speedbar package creates a special Emacs frame for displaying files and index
|
||
items in files. Org mode supports Speedbar; users can drill into Org files
|
||
directly from the Speedbar. The @kbd{<} in the Speedbar frame tweeks the
|
||
agenda commands to that file or to a subtree.
|
||
@cindex @file{table.el}
|
||
@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
|
||
@kindex C-c C-c
|
||
@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
|
||
@cindex @file{table.el}
|
||
@cindex Ota, Takaaki
|
||
|
||
Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and row-spanning,
|
||
and alignment can be created using the Emacs table package by Takaaki Ota.
|
||
Org mode recognizes such tables and export them properly. @kbd{C-c '} to
|
||
edit these tables in a special buffer, much like Org's @samp{src} code
|
||
blocks. Because of interference with other Org mode functionality, Takaaki
|
||
Ota tables cannot be edited directly in the Org buffer.
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ',org-edit-special}
|
||
Edit a @file{table.el} table. Works when the cursor is in a table.el table.
|
||
@c
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c ~,org-table-create-with-table.el}
|
||
Insert a @file{table.el} table. If there is already a table at point, this
|
||
command converts it between the @file{table.el} format and the Org mode
|
||
format. See the documentation string of the command @code{org-convert-table}
|
||
for details.
|
||
@end table
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Conflicts
|
||
@subsection Packages that conflict with Org mode
|
||
|
||
@table @asis
|
||
|
||
@cindex @code{shift-selection-mode}
|
||
@vindex org-support-shift-select
|
||
In Emacs, @code{shift-selection-mode} combines cursor motions with shift key
|
||
to enlarge regions. Emacs sets this mode by default. This conflicts with
|
||
Org's use of @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} commands to change timestamps, TODO
|
||
keywords, priorities, and item bullet types, etc. Since @kbd{S-@key{cursor}}
|
||
commands outside of specific contexts don't do anything, Org offers the
|
||
variable @code{org-support-shift-select} for customization. Org mode
|
||
accommodates shift selection by (i) making it available outside of the
|
||
special contexts where special commands apply, and (ii) extending an
|
||
existing active region even if the cursor moves across a special context.
|
||
|
||
@item @file{CUA.el} by Kim. F. Storm
|
||
@cindex @file{CUA.el}
|
||
@cindex Storm, Kim. F.
|
||
@vindex org-replace-disputed-keys
|
||
Org key bindings conflict with @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys used by CUA mode. For
|
||
Org to relinquish these bindings to CUA mode, configure the variable
|
||
@code{org-replace-disputed-keys}. When set, Org moves the following key
|
||
bindings in Org files, and in the agenda buffer (but not during date
|
||
selection).
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
S-UP @result{} M-p S-DOWN @result{} M-n
|
||
S-LEFT @result{} M-- S-RIGHT @result{} M-+
|
||
C-S-LEFT @result{} M-S-- C-S-RIGHT @result{} M-S-+
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-disputed-keys
|
||
Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. To define a
|
||
different replacement keys, look at the variable @code{org-disputed-keys}.
|
||
|
||
@item @file{ecomplete.el} by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen @email{larsi@@gnus.org}
|
||
@cindex @file{ecomplete.el}
|
||
|
||
Ecomplete provides ``electric'' address completion in address header
|
||
lines in message buffers. Sadly Orgtbl mode cuts ecompletes power
|
||
supply: No completion happens when Orgtbl mode is enabled in message
|
||
buffers while entering text in address header lines. If one wants to
|
||
use ecomplete one should @emph{not} follow the advice to automagically
|
||
turn on Orgtbl mode in message buffers (see @ref{Orgtbl mode}), but
|
||
instead---after filling in the message headers---turn on Orgtbl mode
|
||
manually when needed in the messages body.
|
||
|
||
@item @file{filladapt.el} by Kyle Jones
|
||
@cindex @file{filladapt.el}
|
||
|
||
Org mode tries to do the right thing when filling paragraphs, list items and
|
||
other elements. Many users reported problems using both @file{filladapt.el}
|
||
and Org mode, so a safe thing to do is to disable filladapt like this:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@item @file{yasnippet.el}
|
||
@cindex @file{yasnippet.el}
|
||
The way Org mode binds the @key{TAB} key (binding to @code{[tab]} instead of
|
||
@code{"\t"}) overrules YASnippet's access to this key. The following code
|
||
fixed this problem:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
|
||
(lambda ()
|
||
(setq-local yas/trigger-key [tab])
|
||
(define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field-or-maybe-expand)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The latest version of yasnippet doesn't play well with Org mode. If the
|
||
above code does not fix the conflict, first define the following function:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(defun yas/org-very-safe-expand ()
|
||
(let ((yas/fallback-behavior 'return-nil)) (yas/expand)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Then tell Org mode to use that function:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
|
||
(lambda ()
|
||
(make-variable-buffer-local 'yas/trigger-key)
|
||
(setq yas/trigger-key [tab])
|
||
(add-to-list 'org-tab-first-hook 'yas/org-very-safe-expand)
|
||
(define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@item @file{windmove.el} by Hovav Shacham
|
||
@cindex @file{windmove.el}
|
||
This package also uses the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys, so everything written
|
||
in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here. If you want make
|
||
the windmove function active in locations where Org mode does not have
|
||
special functionality on @kbd{S-@key{cursor}}, add this to your
|
||
configuration:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
;; Make windmove work in org-mode:
|
||
(add-hook 'org-shiftup-final-hook 'windmove-up)
|
||
(add-hook 'org-shiftleft-final-hook 'windmove-left)
|
||
(add-hook 'org-shiftdown-final-hook 'windmove-down)
|
||
(add-hook 'org-shiftright-final-hook 'windmove-right)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@item @file{viper.el} by Michael Kifer
|
||
@cindex @file{viper.el}
|
||
@kindex C-c /
|
||
Viper uses @kbd{C-c /} and therefore makes this key not access the
|
||
corresponding Org mode command @code{org-sparse-tree}. You need to find
|
||
another key for this command, or override the key in
|
||
@code{viper-vi-global-user-map} with
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(define-key viper-vi-global-user-map "C-c /" 'org-sparse-tree)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node org-crypt
|
||
@section org-crypt.el
|
||
@cindex @file{org-crypt.el}
|
||
@cindex @code{org-decrypt-entry}
|
||
|
||
Org crypt encrypts the text of an Org entry, but not the headline, or
|
||
properties. Org crypt uses the Emacs EasyPG library to encrypt and decrypt.
|
||
|
||
Any text below a headline that has a @samp{:crypt:} tag will be automatically
|
||
be encrypted when the file is saved. To use a different tag, customize the
|
||
@code{org-crypt-tag-matcher} variable.
|
||
|
||
Suggested Org crypt settings in Emacs init file:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(require 'org-crypt)
|
||
(org-crypt-use-before-save-magic)
|
||
(setq org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance (quote ("crypt")))
|
||
|
||
(setq org-crypt-key nil)
|
||
;; GPG key to use for encryption
|
||
;; Either the Key ID or set to nil to use symmetric encryption.
|
||
|
||
(setq auto-save-default nil)
|
||
;; Auto-saving does not cooperate with org-crypt.el: so you need
|
||
;; to turn it off if you plan to use org-crypt.el quite often.
|
||
;; Otherwise, you'll get an (annoying) message each time you
|
||
;; start Org.
|
||
|
||
;; To turn it off only locally, you can insert this:
|
||
;;
|
||
;; # -*- buffer-auto-save-file-name: nil; -*-
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Excluding the crypt tag from inheritance prevents encrypting previously
|
||
encrypted text.
|
||
|
||
@node Hacking
|
||
@appendix Hacking
|
||
@cindex hacking
|
||
|
||
This appendix covers some areas where users can extend the functionality of
|
||
Org.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Hooks:: How to reach into Org's internals
|
||
* Add-on packages:: Available extensions
|
||
* Adding hyperlink types:: New custom link types
|
||
* Adding export back-ends:: How to write new export back-ends
|
||
* Context-sensitive commands:: How to add functionality to such commands
|
||
* Tables in arbitrary syntax:: Orgtbl for @LaTeX{} and other programs
|
||
* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
|
||
* Special agenda views:: Customized views
|
||
* Speeding up your agendas:: Tips on how to speed up your agendas
|
||
* Extracting agenda information:: Post-processing of agenda information
|
||
* Using the property API:: Writing programs that use entry properties
|
||
* Using the mapping API:: Mapping over all or selected entries
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Hooks
|
||
@section Hooks
|
||
@cindex hooks
|
||
|
||
Org has a large number of hook variables for adding functionality. This
|
||
appendix illustrates using a few. A complete list of hooks with
|
||
documentation is maintained by the Worg project at
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/doc.html#hooks}.
|
||
|
||
@node Add-on packages
|
||
@section Add-on packages
|
||
@cindex add-on packages
|
||
|
||
Various authors wrote a large number of add-on packages for Org.
|
||
|
||
These packages are not part of Emacs, but they are distributed as contributed
|
||
packages with the separate release available at @uref{http://orgmode.org}.
|
||
See the @file{contrib/README} file in the source code directory for a list of
|
||
contributed files. Worg page with more information is at:
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/}.
|
||
|
||
@node Adding hyperlink types
|
||
@section Adding hyperlink types
|
||
@cindex hyperlinks, adding new types
|
||
|
||
Org has many built-in hyperlink types (@pxref{Hyperlinks}), and an interface
|
||
for adding new link types. The example file, @file{org-man.el}, shows the
|
||
process of adding Org links to Unix man pages, which look like this:
|
||
@samp{[[man:printf][The printf manpage]]}:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
;;; org-man.el - Support for links to manpages in Org
|
||
|
||
(require 'org)
|
||
|
||
(org-add-link-type "man" 'org-man-open)
|
||
(add-hook 'org-store-link-functions 'org-man-store-link)
|
||
|
||
(defcustom org-man-command 'man
|
||
"The Emacs command to be used to display a man page."
|
||
:group 'org-link
|
||
:type '(choice (const man) (const woman)))
|
||
|
||
(defun org-man-open (path)
|
||
"Visit the manpage on PATH.
|
||
PATH should be a topic that can be thrown at the man command."
|
||
(funcall org-man-command path))
|
||
|
||
(defun org-man-store-link ()
|
||
"Store a link to a manpage."
|
||
(when (memq major-mode '(Man-mode woman-mode))
|
||
;; This is a man page, we do make this link
|
||
(let* ((page (org-man-get-page-name))
|
||
(link (concat "man:" page))
|
||
(description (format "Manpage for %s" page)))
|
||
(org-store-link-props
|
||
:type "man"
|
||
:link link
|
||
:description description))))
|
||
|
||
(defun org-man-get-page-name ()
|
||
"Extract the page name from the buffer name."
|
||
;; This works for both `Man-mode' and `woman-mode'.
|
||
(if (string-match " \\(\\S-+\\)\\*" (buffer-name))
|
||
(match-string 1 (buffer-name))
|
||
(error "Cannot create link to this man page")))
|
||
|
||
(provide 'org-man)
|
||
|
||
;;; org-man.el ends here
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
To activate links to man pages in Org, enter this in the init file:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(require 'org-man)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
A review of @file{org-man.el}:
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
First, @code{(require 'org)} ensures @file{org.el} is loaded.
|
||
@item
|
||
The @code{org-add-link-type} defines a new link type with @samp{man} prefix.
|
||
The call contains the function to call that follows the link type.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-store-link-functions
|
||
The next line adds a function to @code{org-store-link-functions} that records
|
||
a useful link with the command @kbd{C-c l} in a buffer displaying a man page.
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
The rest of the file defines necessary variables and functions. First is the
|
||
customization variable @code{org-man-command}. It has two options,
|
||
@code{man} and @code{woman}. Next is a function whose argument is the link
|
||
path, which for man pages is the topic of the man command. To follow the
|
||
link, the function calls the @code{org-man-command} to display the man page.
|
||
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c l} constructs and stores the link.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c l} calls the function @code{org-man-store-link}, which first checks
|
||
if the @code{major-mode} is appropriate. If check fails, the function
|
||
returns @code{nil}. Otherwise the function makes a link string by combining
|
||
the @samp{man:} prefix with the man topic. The function then calls
|
||
@code{org-store-link-props} with @code{:type} and @code{:link} properties. A
|
||
@code{:description} property is an optional string that is displayed when the
|
||
function inserts the link in the Org buffer.
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-l} inserts the stored link.
|
||
|
||
To define new link types, define a function that implements completion
|
||
support with @kbd{C-c C-l}. This function should not accept any arguments
|
||
but return the appropriate prefix and complete link string.
|
||
|
||
@node Adding export back-ends
|
||
@section Adding export back-ends
|
||
@cindex Export, writing back-ends
|
||
|
||
Org's export engine makes it easy for writing new back-ends. The framework
|
||
on which the engine was built makes it easy to derive new back-ends from
|
||
existing ones.
|
||
|
||
The two main entry points to the export engine are:
|
||
@code{org-export-define-backend} and
|
||
@code{org-export-define-derived-backend}. To grok these functions, see
|
||
@file{ox-latex.el} for an example of defining a new back-end from scratch,
|
||
and @file{ox-beamer.el} for an example of deriving from an existing engine.
|
||
|
||
For creating a new back-end from scratch, first set its name as a symbol in
|
||
an alist consisting of elements and export functions. To make the back-end
|
||
visible to the export dispatcher, set @code{:menu-entry} keyword. For export
|
||
options specific to this back-end, set the @code{:options-alist}.
|
||
|
||
For creating a new back-end from an existing one, set @code{:translate-alist}
|
||
to an alist of export functions. This alist replaces the parent back-end
|
||
functions.
|
||
|
||
For complete documentation, see
|
||
@url{http://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-export-reference.html, the Org Export
|
||
Reference on Worg}.
|
||
|
||
@node Context-sensitive commands
|
||
@section Context-sensitive commands
|
||
@cindex context-sensitive commands, hooks
|
||
@cindex add-ons, context-sensitive commands
|
||
@vindex org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c-hook
|
||
|
||
Org has facilities for building context sensitive commands. Authors of Org
|
||
add-ons can tap into this functionality.
|
||
|
||
Some Org commands change depending on the context. The most important
|
||
example of this behavior is the @kbd{C-c C-c} (@pxref{The very busy C-c C-c
|
||
key}). Other examples are @kbd{M-cursor} and @kbd{M-S-cursor}.
|
||
|
||
These context sensitive commands work by providing a function that detects
|
||
special context for that add-on and executes functionality appropriate for
|
||
that context.
|
||
|
||
@node Tables in arbitrary syntax
|
||
@section Tables and lists in arbitrary syntax
|
||
@cindex tables, in other modes
|
||
@cindex lists, in other modes
|
||
@cindex Orgtbl mode
|
||
|
||
Because of Org's success in handling tables with Orgtbl, a frequently asked
|
||
feature is to Org's usability functions to other table formats native to
|
||
other modem's, such as @LaTeX{}. This would be hard to do in a general way
|
||
without complicated customization nightmares. Moreover, that would take Org
|
||
away from its simplicity roots that Orgtbl has proven. There is, however, an
|
||
alternate approach to accomplishing the same.
|
||
|
||
This approach involves implementing a custom @emph{translate} function that
|
||
operates on a native Org @emph{source table} to produce a table in another
|
||
format. This strategy would keep the excellently working Orgtbl simple and
|
||
isolate complications, if any, confined to the translate function. To add
|
||
more alien table formats, we just add more translate functions. Also the
|
||
burden of developing custom translate functions for new table formats will be
|
||
in the hands of those who know those formats best.
|
||
|
||
For an example of how this strategy works, see Orgstruct mode. In that mode,
|
||
Bastien added the ability to use Org's facilities to edit and re-structure
|
||
lists. He did by turning @code{orgstruct-mode} on, and then exporting the
|
||
list locally to another format, such as HTML, @LaTeX{} or Texinfo.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving radio tables
|
||
* A @LaTeX{} example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial
|
||
* Translator functions:: Copy and modify
|
||
* Radio lists:: Sending and receiving lists
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Radio tables
|
||
@subsection Radio tables
|
||
@cindex radio tables
|
||
|
||
Radio tables are target locations for translated tables that are not near
|
||
their source. Org finds the target location and inserts the translated
|
||
table.
|
||
|
||
The key to finding the target location are the magic words @code{BEGIN/END
|
||
RECEIVE ORGTBL}. They have to appear as comments in the current mode. If
|
||
the mode is C, then:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
/* BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */
|
||
/* END RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
At the location of source, Org needs a special line to direct Orgtbl to
|
||
translate and to find the target for inserting the translated table. For
|
||
example:
|
||
@cindex #+ORGTBL
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ORGTBL: SEND table_name translation_function arguments...
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@code{table_name} is the table's reference name, which is also used in the
|
||
receiver lines, and the @code{translation_function} is the Lisp function that
|
||
translates. This line, in addition, may also contain alternating key and
|
||
value arguments at the end. The translation function gets these values as a
|
||
property list. A few standard parameters are already recognized and acted
|
||
upon before the translation function is called:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item :skip N
|
||
Skip the first N lines of the table. Hlines do count; include them if they
|
||
are to be skipped.
|
||
|
||
@item :skipcols (n1 n2 ...)
|
||
List of columns to be skipped. First Org automatically discards columns with
|
||
calculation marks and then sends the table to the translator function, which
|
||
then skips columns as specified in @samp{skipcols}.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
To keep the source table intact in the buffer without being disturbed when
|
||
the source file is compiled or otherwise being worked on, use one of these
|
||
strategies:
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
@item
|
||
Place the table in a block comment. For example, in C mode you could wrap
|
||
the table between @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} lines.
|
||
@item
|
||
Put the table after an @samp{END} statement. For example @samp{\bye} in
|
||
@TeX{} and @samp{\end@{document@}} in @LaTeX{}.
|
||
@item
|
||
Comment and uncomment each line of the table during edits. The @kbd{M-x
|
||
orgtbl-toggle-comment RET} command makes toggling easy.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
@node A @LaTeX{} example
|
||
@subsection A @LaTeX{} example of radio tables
|
||
@cindex @LaTeX{}, and Orgtbl mode
|
||
|
||
To wrap a source table in @LaTeX{}, use the @code{comment} environment
|
||
provided by @file{comment.sty}. To activate it, put
|
||
@code{\usepackage@{comment@}} in the document header. Orgtbl mode inserts a
|
||
radio table skeleton@footnote{By default this works only for @LaTeX{}, HTML,
|
||
and Texinfo. Configure the variable @code{orgtbl-radio-table-templates} to
|
||
install templates for other export formats.} with the command @kbd{M-x
|
||
orgtbl-insert-radio-table RET}, which prompts for a table name. For example,
|
||
if @samp{salesfigures} is the name, the template inserts:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ORGTBL, SEND
|
||
@example
|
||
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
||
% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
||
\begin@{comment@}
|
||
#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex
|
||
| | |
|
||
\end@{comment@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
@vindex @LaTeX{}-verbatim-environments
|
||
The line @code{#+ORGTBL: SEND} tells Orgtbl mode to use the function
|
||
@code{orgtbl-to-latex} to convert the table to @LaTeX{} format, then insert
|
||
the table at the target (receive) location named @code{salesfigures}. Now
|
||
the table is ready for data entry. It can even use spreadsheet
|
||
features@footnote{If the @samp{#+TBLFM} line contains an odd number of dollar
|
||
characters, this may cause problems with font-lock in @LaTeX{} mode. As
|
||
shown in the example you can fix this by adding an extra line inside the
|
||
@code{comment} environment that is used to balance the dollar expressions.
|
||
If you are using AUC@TeX{} with the font-latex library, a much better
|
||
solution is to add the @code{comment} environment to the variable
|
||
@code{LaTeX-verbatim-environments}.}:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
||
% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
||
\begin@{comment@}
|
||
#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex
|
||
| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day |
|
||
|-------+------+---------+---------|
|
||
| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 |
|
||
| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 |
|
||
| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 |
|
||
#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f
|
||
% $ (optional extra dollar to keep font-lock happy, see footnote)
|
||
\end@{comment@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
After editing, @kbd{C-c C-c} inserts translated table at the target location,
|
||
between the two marker lines.
|
||
|
||
For hand-made custom tables, note that the translator needs to skip the first
|
||
two lines of the source table. Also the command has to @emph{splice} out the
|
||
target table without the header and footer.
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
\begin@{tabular@}@{lrrr@}
|
||
Month & \multicolumn@{1@}@{c@}@{Days@} & Nr.\ sold & per day\\
|
||
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
||
% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
||
\end@{tabular@}
|
||
%
|
||
\begin@{comment@}
|
||
#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex :splice t :skip 2
|
||
| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day |
|
||
|-------+------+---------+---------|
|
||
| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 |
|
||
| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 |
|
||
| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 |
|
||
#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f
|
||
\end@{comment@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
The @LaTeX{} translator function @code{orgtbl-to-latex} is already part of
|
||
Orgtbl mode and uses @code{tabular} environment by default to typeset the
|
||
table and mark the horizontal lines with @code{\hline}. For additional
|
||
parameters to control output, @pxref{Translator functions}:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item :splice nil/t
|
||
When non-@code{nil}, returns only table body lines; not wrapped in tabular
|
||
environment. Default is @code{nil}.
|
||
|
||
@item :fmt fmt
|
||
Format to warp each field. It should contain @code{%s} for the original
|
||
field value. For example, to wrap each field value in dollar symbol, you
|
||
could use @code{:fmt "$%s$"}. Format can also wrap a property list with
|
||
column numbers and formats, for example @code{:fmt (2 "$%s$" 4 "%s\\%%")}.
|
||
In place of a string, a function of one argument can be used; the function
|
||
must return a formatted string.
|
||
|
||
@item :efmt efmt
|
||
Format numbers as exponentials. The spec should have @code{%s} twice for
|
||
inserting mantissa and exponent, for example @code{"%s\\times10^@{%s@}"}.
|
||
This may also be a property list with column numbers and formats, for example
|
||
@code{:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^@{%s@}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^@{%s@}$")}. After
|
||
@code{efmt} has been applied to a value, @code{fmt} will also be applied.
|
||
Functions with two arguments can be supplied instead of strings. By default,
|
||
no special formatting is applied.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@node Translator functions
|
||
@subsection Translator functions
|
||
@cindex HTML, and Orgtbl mode
|
||
@cindex translator function
|
||
|
||
Orgtbl mode has built-in translator functions: @code{orgtbl-to-csv}
|
||
(comma-separated values), @code{orgtbl-to-tsv} (TAB-separated values)
|
||
@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-html}, @code{orgtbl-to-texinfo},
|
||
@code{orgtbl-to-unicode} and @code{orgtbl-to-orgtbl}. They use the generic
|
||
translator, @code{orgtbl-to-generic}, which delegates translations to various
|
||
export back-ends.
|
||
|
||
Properties passed to the function through the @samp{ORGTBL SEND} line take
|
||
precedence over properties defined inside the function. For example, this
|
||
overrides the default @LaTeX{} line endings, @samp{\\}, with @samp{\\[2mm]}:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-latex :lend " \\\\[2mm]"
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
For a new language translator, define a converter function. It can be a
|
||
generic function, such as shown in this example. It marks a beginning and
|
||
ending of a table with @samp{!BTBL!} and @samp{!ETBL!}; a beginning and
|
||
ending of lines with @samp{!BL!} and @samp{!EL!}; and uses a TAB for a field
|
||
separator:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(defun orgtbl-to-language (table params)
|
||
"Convert the orgtbl-mode TABLE to language."
|
||
(orgtbl-to-generic
|
||
table
|
||
(org-combine-plists
|
||
'(:tstart "!BTBL!" :tend "!ETBL!" :lstart "!BL!" :lend "!EL!" :sep "\t")
|
||
params)))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The documentation for the @code{orgtbl-to-generic} function shows a complete
|
||
list of parameters, each of which can be passed through to
|
||
@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}, and any other function
|
||
using that generic function.
|
||
|
||
For complicated translations the generic translator function could be
|
||
replaced by a custom translator function. Such a custom function must take
|
||
two arguments and return a single string containing the formatted table. The
|
||
first argument is the table whose lines are a list of fields or the symbol
|
||
@code{hline}. The second argument is the property list consisting of
|
||
parameters specified in the @samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line. Please share your
|
||
translator functions by posting them to the Org users mailing list,
|
||
@email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org}.
|
||
|
||
@node Radio lists
|
||
@subsection Radio lists
|
||
@cindex radio lists
|
||
@cindex org-list-insert-radio-list
|
||
|
||
Call the @code{org-list-insert-radio-list} function to insert a radio list
|
||
template in HTML, @LaTeX{}, and Texinfo mode documents. Sending and
|
||
receiving radio lists works is the same as for radio tables (@pxref{Radio
|
||
tables}) except for these differences:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+ORGLST
|
||
@itemize @minus
|
||
@item
|
||
Orgstruct mode must be active.
|
||
@item
|
||
Use @code{ORGLST} keyword instead of @code{ORGTBL}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c} works only on the first list item.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
Built-in translators functions are: @code{org-list-to-latex},
|
||
@code{org-list-to-html} and @code{org-list-to-texinfo}. They use the
|
||
@code{org-list-to-generic} translator function. See its documentation for
|
||
parameters for accurate customizations of lists. Here is a @LaTeX{} example:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy
|
||
% END RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy
|
||
\begin@{comment@}
|
||
#+ORGLST: SEND to-buy org-list-to-latex
|
||
- a new house
|
||
- a new computer
|
||
+ a new keyboard
|
||
+ a new mouse
|
||
- a new life
|
||
\end@{comment@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@kbd{C-c C-c} on @samp{a new house} inserts the translated @LaTeX{} list
|
||
in-between the BEGIN and END marker lines.
|
||
|
||
@node Dynamic blocks
|
||
@section Dynamic blocks
|
||
@cindex dynamic blocks
|
||
|
||
Org supports @emph{dynamic blocks} in Org documents. They are inserted with
|
||
begin and end markers like any other @samp{src} code block, but the contents
|
||
are updated automatically by a user function. For example, @kbd{C-c C-x C-r}
|
||
inserts a dynamic table that updates the work time (@pxref{Clocking work
|
||
time}).
|
||
|
||
Dynamic blocks can have names and function parameters. The syntax is similar
|
||
to @samp{src} code block specifications:
|
||
|
||
@cindex #+BEGIN:dynamic block
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ...
|
||
|
||
#+END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
These command update dynamic blocks:
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@orgcmd{C-c C-x C-u,org-dblock-update}
|
||
Update dynamic block at point.
|
||
@orgkey{C-u C-c C-x C-u}
|
||
Update all dynamic blocks in the current file.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
Before updating a dynamic block, Org removes content between the BEGIN and
|
||
END markers. Org then reads the parameters on the BEGIN line for passing to
|
||
the writer function. If the function expects to access the removed content,
|
||
then Org expects an extra parameter, @code{:content}, on the BEGIN line.
|
||
|
||
To syntax for calling a writer function with a named block, @code{myblock}
|
||
is: @code{org-dblock-write:myblock}. Parameters come from the BEGIN line.
|
||
|
||
The following is an example of a dynamic block and a block writer function
|
||
that updates the time when the function was last run:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M"
|
||
|
||
#+END:
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The dynamic block's writer function:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params)
|
||
(let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y")))
|
||
(insert "Last block update at: "
|
||
(format-time-string fmt))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
To keep dynamic blocks up-to-date in an Org file, use the function,
|
||
@code{org-update-all-dblocks} in hook, such as @code{before-save-hook}. The
|
||
@code{org-update-all-dblocks} function does not run if the file is not in
|
||
Org mode.
|
||
|
||
Dynamic blocks, like any other block, can be narrowed with
|
||
@code{org-narrow-to-block}.
|
||
|
||
@node Special agenda views
|
||
@section Special agenda views
|
||
@cindex agenda views, user-defined
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-function
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-function-global
|
||
Org provides a special hook to further limit items in agenda views:
|
||
@code{agenda}, @code{agenda*}@footnote{The @code{agenda*} view is the same as
|
||
@code{agenda} except that it only considers @emph{appointments}, i.e.,
|
||
scheduled and deadline items that have a time specification @samp{[h]h:mm} in
|
||
their time-stamps.}, @code{todo}, @code{alltodo}, @code{tags},
|
||
@code{tags-todo}, @code{tags-tree}. Specify a custom function that tests
|
||
inclusion of every matched item in the view. This function can also
|
||
skip as much as is needed.
|
||
|
||
For a global condition applicable to agenda views, use the
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-function-global} variable. Org uses a global condition
|
||
with @code{org-agenda-skip-function} for custom searching.
|
||
|
||
This example defines a function for a custom view showing TODO items with
|
||
WAITING status. Manually this is a multi step search process, but with a
|
||
custom view, this can be automated as follows:
|
||
|
||
The custom function searches the subtree for the WAITING tag and returns
|
||
@code{nil} on match. Otherwise it gives the location from where the search
|
||
continues.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(defun my-skip-unless-waiting ()
|
||
"Skip trees that are not waiting"
|
||
(let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t))))
|
||
(if (re-search-forward ":waiting:" subtree-end t)
|
||
nil ; tag found, do not skip
|
||
subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
To use this custom function in a custom agenda command:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(org-add-agenda-custom-command
|
||
'("b" todo "PROJECT"
|
||
((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-skip-unless-waiting)
|
||
(org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-overriding-header
|
||
Note that this also binds @code{org-agenda-overriding-header} to a more
|
||
meaningful string suitable for the agenda view.
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-odd-levels-only
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-function
|
||
|
||
Search for entries with a limit set on levels for the custom search. This is
|
||
a general appraoch to creating custom searches in Org. To include all
|
||
levels, use @samp{LEVEL>0}@footnote{Note that, for
|
||
@code{org-odd-levels-only}, a level number corresponds to order in the
|
||
hierarchy, not to the number of stars.}. Then to selectively pick the
|
||
matched entries, use @code{org-agenda-skip-function}, which also accepts Lisp
|
||
forms, such as @code{org-agenda-skip-entry-if} and
|
||
@code{org-agenda-skip-subtree-if}. For example:
|
||
|
||
@table @code
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled)
|
||
Skip current entry if it has been scheduled.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notscheduled)
|
||
Skip current entry if it has not been scheduled.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline)
|
||
Skip current entry if it has a deadline.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline)
|
||
Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo '("TODO" "WAITING"))
|
||
Skip current entry if the TODO keyword is TODO or WAITING.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo 'done)
|
||
Skip current entry if the TODO keyword marks a DONE state.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'timestamp)
|
||
Skip current entry if it has any timestamp, may also be deadline or scheduled.
|
||
@anchor{x-agenda-skip-entry-regexp}
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'regexp "regular expression")
|
||
Skip current entry if the regular expression matches in the entry.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notregexp "regular expression")
|
||
Skip current entry unless the regular expression matches.
|
||
@item (org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression")
|
||
Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
The following is an example of a search for @samp{WAITING} without the
|
||
special function:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(org-add-agenda-custom-command
|
||
'("b" todo "PROJECT"
|
||
((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if
|
||
'regexp ":waiting:"))
|
||
(org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node Speeding up your agendas
|
||
@section Speeding up your agendas
|
||
@cindex agenda views, optimization
|
||
|
||
Some agenda commands slow down when the Org files grow in size or number.
|
||
Here are tips to speed up:
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
Reduce the number of Org agenda files to avoid slowdowns due to hard drive
|
||
accesses.
|
||
@item
|
||
Reduce the number of @samp{DONE} and archived headlines so agenda operations
|
||
that skip over these can finish faster.
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks
|
||
Do not dim blocked tasks:
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks nil)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-startup-folded
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-inhibit-startup
|
||
Stop preparing agenda buffers on startup:
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-inhibit-startup nil)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@item
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-show-inherited-tags
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance
|
||
Disable tag inheritance for agendas:
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance nil)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
These options can be applied to selected agenda views. For more details
|
||
about generation of agenda views, see the docstrings for the relevant
|
||
variables, and this @uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/agenda-optimization.html,
|
||
dedicated Worg page} for agenda optimization.
|
||
|
||
@node Extracting agenda information
|
||
@section Extracting agenda information
|
||
@cindex agenda, pipe
|
||
@cindex Scripts, for agenda processing
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands
|
||
Org provides commands to access agendas through Emacs batch mode. Through
|
||
this command-line interface, agendas are automated for further processing or
|
||
printing.
|
||
|
||
@code{org-batch-agenda} creates an agenda view in ASCII and outputs to
|
||
STDOUT. This command takes one string parameter. When string length=1, Org
|
||
uses it as a key to @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. These are the same
|
||
ones available through @kbd{C-c a}.
|
||
|
||
This example command line directly prints the TODO list to the printer:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
When the string parameter length is two or more characters, Org matches it
|
||
with tags/TODO strings. For example, this example command line prints items
|
||
tagged with @samp{shop}, but excludes items tagged with @samp{NewYork}:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \
|
||
-eval '(org-batch-agenda "+shop-NewYork")' | lpr
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
An example showing on-the-fly parameter modifications:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \
|
||
-eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \
|
||
org-agenda-span (quote month) \
|
||
org-agenda-include-diary nil \
|
||
org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \
|
||
| lpr
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
which will produce an agenda for the next 30 days from just the
|
||
@file{~/org/projects.org} file.
|
||
|
||
For structured processing of agenda output, use @code{org-batch-agenda-csv}
|
||
with the following fields:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
category @r{The category of the item}
|
||
head @r{The headline, without TODO keyword, TAGS and PRIORITY}
|
||
type @r{The type of the agenda entry, can be}
|
||
todo @r{selected in TODO match}
|
||
tagsmatch @r{selected in tags match}
|
||
diary @r{imported from diary}
|
||
deadline @r{a deadline}
|
||
scheduled @r{scheduled}
|
||
timestamp @r{appointment, selected by timestamp}
|
||
closed @r{entry was closed on date}
|
||
upcoming-deadline @r{warning about nearing deadline}
|
||
past-scheduled @r{forwarded scheduled item}
|
||
block @r{entry has date block including date}
|
||
todo @r{The TODO keyword, if any}
|
||
tags @r{All tags including inherited ones, separated by colons}
|
||
date @r{The relevant date, like 2007-2-14}
|
||
time @r{The time, like 15:00-16:50}
|
||
extra @r{String with extra planning info}
|
||
priority-l @r{The priority letter if any was given}
|
||
priority-n @r{The computed numerical priority}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@noindent
|
||
If the selection of the agenda item was based on a timestamp, including those
|
||
items with @samp{DEADLINE} and @samp{SCHEDULED} keywords, then Org includes
|
||
date and time in the output.
|
||
|
||
If the selection of the agenda item was based on a timestamp (or
|
||
deadline/scheduled), then Org includes date and time in the output.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of a post-processing script in Perl. It takes the CSV
|
||
output from Emacs and prints with a checkbox:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
||
|
||
# define the Emacs command to run
|
||
$cmd = "emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda-csv \"t\")'";
|
||
|
||
# run it and capture the output
|
||
$agenda = qx@{$cmd 2>/dev/null@};
|
||
|
||
# loop over all lines
|
||
foreach $line (split(/\n/,$agenda)) @{
|
||
# get the individual values
|
||
($category,$head,$type,$todo,$tags,$date,$time,$extra,
|
||
$priority_l,$priority_n) = split(/,/,$line);
|
||
# process and print
|
||
print "[ ] $head\n";
|
||
@}
|
||
@end example
|
||
|
||
@node Using the property API
|
||
@section Using the property API
|
||
@cindex API, for properties
|
||
@cindex properties, API
|
||
|
||
Functions for working with properties.
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-properties &optional pom which
|
||
Get all properties of the entry at point-or-marker POM.@*
|
||
This includes the TODO keyword, the tags, time strings for deadline,
|
||
scheduled, and clocking, and any additional properties defined in the
|
||
entry. The return value is an alist. Keys may occur multiple times
|
||
if the property key was used several times.@*
|
||
POM may also be @code{nil}, in which case the current entry is used.
|
||
If WHICH is @code{nil} or @code{all}, get all properties. If WHICH is
|
||
@code{special} or @code{standard}, only get that subclass.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-use-property-inheritance
|
||
@findex org-insert-property-drawer
|
||
@defun org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit
|
||
Get value of @code{PROPERTY} for entry at point-or-marker @code{POM}@. By
|
||
default, this only looks at properties defined locally in the entry. If
|
||
@code{INHERIT} is non-@code{nil} and the entry does not have the property,
|
||
then also check higher levels of the hierarchy. If @code{INHERIT} is the
|
||
symbol @code{selective}, use inheritance if and only if the setting of
|
||
@code{org-use-property-inheritance} selects @code{PROPERTY} for inheritance.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-delete pom property
|
||
Delete the property @code{PROPERTY} from entry at point-or-marker POM.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-put pom property value
|
||
Set @code{PROPERTY} to @code{VALUE} for entry at point-or-marker POM.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-buffer-property-keys &optional include-specials
|
||
Get all property keys in the current buffer.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-insert-property-drawer
|
||
Insert a property drawer for the current entry.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-put-multivalued-property pom property &rest values
|
||
Set @code{PROPERTY} at point-or-marker @code{POM} to @code{VALUES}@.
|
||
@code{VALUES} should be a list of strings. They will be concatenated, with
|
||
spaces as separators.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-get-multivalued-property pom property
|
||
Treat the value of the property @code{PROPERTY} as a whitespace-separated
|
||
list of values and return the values as a list of strings.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-add-to-multivalued-property pom property value
|
||
Treat the value of the property @code{PROPERTY} as a whitespace-separated
|
||
list of values and make sure that @code{VALUE} is in this list.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-remove-from-multivalued-property pom property value
|
||
Treat the value of the property @code{PROPERTY} as a whitespace-separated
|
||
list of values and make sure that @code{VALUE} is @emph{not} in this list.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-entry-member-in-multivalued-property pom property value
|
||
Treat the value of the property @code{PROPERTY} as a whitespace-separated
|
||
list of values and check if @code{VALUE} is in this list.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defopt org-property-allowed-value-functions
|
||
Hook for functions supplying allowed values for a specific property.
|
||
The functions must take a single argument, the name of the property, and
|
||
return a flat list of allowed values. If @samp{:ETC} is one of
|
||
the values, use the values as completion help, but allow also other values
|
||
to be entered. The functions must return @code{nil} if they are not
|
||
responsible for this property.
|
||
@end defopt
|
||
|
||
@node Using the mapping API
|
||
@section Using the mapping API
|
||
@cindex API, for mapping
|
||
@cindex mapping entries, API
|
||
|
||
Org has sophisticated mapping capabilities for finding entries. Org uses
|
||
this functionality internally for generating agenda views. Org also exposes
|
||
an API for executing arbitrary functions for each selected entry. The API's
|
||
main entry point is:
|
||
|
||
@defun org-map-entries func &optional match scope &rest skip
|
||
Call @samp{FUNC} at each headline selected by @code{MATCH} in @code{SCOPE}.
|
||
|
||
@samp{FUNC} is a function or a Lisp form. With the cursor positioned at the
|
||
beginning of the headline, call the function without arguments. Org returns
|
||
an alist of return values of calls to the function.
|
||
|
||
To avoid preserving point, Org wraps the call to @code{FUNC} in
|
||
save-excursion form. After evaluation, Org moves the cursor to the end of
|
||
the line that was just processed. Search continues from that point forward.
|
||
This may not always work as expected under some conditions, such as if the
|
||
current sub-tree was removed by a previous archiving operation. In such rare
|
||
circumstances, Org skips the next entry entirely when it should not. To stop
|
||
Org from such skips, make @samp{FUNC} set the variable
|
||
@code{org-map-continue-from} to a specific buffer position.
|
||
|
||
@samp{MATCH} is a tags/property/TODO match. Org iterates only matched
|
||
headlines. Org iterates over all headlines when @code{MATCH} is @code{nil}
|
||
or @code{t}.
|
||
|
||
@samp{SCOPE} determines the scope of this command. It can be any of:
|
||
|
||
@example
|
||
nil @r{the current buffer, respecting the restriction if any}
|
||
tree @r{the subtree started with the entry at point}
|
||
region @r{The entries within the active region, if any}
|
||
file @r{the current buffer, without restriction}
|
||
file-with-archives
|
||
@r{the current buffer, and any archives associated with it}
|
||
agenda @r{all agenda files}
|
||
agenda-with-archives
|
||
@r{all agenda files with any archive files associated with them}
|
||
(file1 file2 ...)
|
||
@r{if this is a list, all files in the list will be scanned}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@noindent
|
||
The remaining args are treated as settings for the scanner's skipping
|
||
facilities. Valid args are:
|
||
|
||
@vindex org-agenda-skip-function
|
||
@example
|
||
archive @r{skip trees with the archive tag}
|
||
comment @r{skip trees with the COMMENT keyword}
|
||
function or Lisp form
|
||
@r{will be used as value for @code{org-agenda-skip-function},}
|
||
@r{so whenever the function returns t, FUNC}
|
||
@r{will not be called for that entry and search will}
|
||
@r{continue from the point where the function leaves it}
|
||
@end example
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
The mapping routine can call any arbitrary function, even functions that
|
||
change meta data or query the property API (@pxref{Using the property API}).
|
||
Here are some handy functions:
|
||
|
||
@defun org-todo &optional arg
|
||
Change the TODO state of the entry. See the docstring of the functions for
|
||
the many possible values for the argument @code{ARG}.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-priority &optional action
|
||
Change the priority of the entry. See the docstring of this function for the
|
||
possible values for @code{ACTION}.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-toggle-tag tag &optional onoff
|
||
Toggle the tag @code{TAG} in the current entry. Setting @code{ONOFF} to
|
||
either @code{on} or @code{off} will not toggle tag, but ensure that it is
|
||
either on or off.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-promote
|
||
Promote the current entry.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
@defun org-demote
|
||
Demote the current entry.
|
||
@end defun
|
||
|
||
This example turns all entries tagged with @code{TOMORROW} into TODO entries
|
||
with keyword @code{UPCOMING}. Org ignores entries in comment trees and
|
||
archive trees.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(org-map-entries
|
||
'(org-todo "UPCOMING")
|
||
"+TOMORROW" 'file 'archive 'comment)
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
The following example counts the number of entries with TODO keyword
|
||
@code{WAITING}, in all agenda files.
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(length (org-map-entries t "/+WAITING" 'agenda))
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
@node MobileOrg
|
||
@appendix MobileOrg
|
||
@cindex iPhone
|
||
@cindex MobileOrg
|
||
|
||
MobileOrg is a companion mobile app that runs on iOS and Android devices.
|
||
MobileOrg enables offline-views and capture support for an Org mode system
|
||
that is rooted on a ``real'' computer. MobileOrg can record changes to
|
||
existing entries.
|
||
|
||
The @uref{https://github.com/MobileOrg/, iOS implementation} for the
|
||
@emph{iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad} series of devices, was started by Richard
|
||
Moreland and is now in the hands Sean Escriva. Android users should check
|
||
out @uref{http://wiki.github.com/matburt/mobileorg-android/, MobileOrg
|
||
Android} by Matt Jones. Though the two implementations are not identical,
|
||
they offer similar features.
|
||
|
||
This appendix describes Org's support for agenda view formats compatible with
|
||
MobileOrg. It also describes synchronizing changes, such as to notes,
|
||
between MobileOrg and the computer.
|
||
|
||
To change tags and TODO states in MobileOrg, first customize the variables
|
||
@code{org-todo-keywords} and @code{org-tag-alist}. These should cover all
|
||
the important tags and TODO keywords, even if Org files use only some of
|
||
them. Though MobileOrg has in-buffer settings, it understands TODO states
|
||
@emph{sets} (@pxref{Per-file keywords}) and @emph{mutually exclusive} tags
|
||
(@pxref{Setting tags}) only for those set in these variables.
|
||
|
||
@menu
|
||
* Setting up the staging area:: For the mobile device
|
||
* Pushing to MobileOrg:: Uploading Org files and agendas
|
||
* Pulling from MobileOrg:: Integrating captured and flagged items
|
||
@end menu
|
||
|
||
@node Setting up the staging area
|
||
@section Setting up the staging area
|
||
|
||
MobileOrg needs access to a file directory on a server to interact with
|
||
Emacs. With a public server, consider encrypting the files. MobileOrg
|
||
version 1.5 supports encryption for the iPhone. Org also requires
|
||
@file{openssl} installed on the local computer. To turn on encryption, set
|
||
the same password in MobileOrg and in Emacs. Set the password in the
|
||
variable @code{org-mobile-use-encryption}@footnote{If Emacs is configured for
|
||
safe storing of passwords, then configure the variable,
|
||
@code{org-mobile-encryption-password}; please read the docstring of that
|
||
variable.}. Note that even after MobileOrg encrypts the file contents, the
|
||
file names will remain visible on the file systems of the local computer, the
|
||
server, and the mobile device.
|
||
|
||
For a server to host files, consider options like
|
||
@uref{http://dropbox.com,Dropbox.com} account@footnote{An alternative is to
|
||
use webdav server. MobileOrg documentation has details of webdav server
|
||
configuration. Additional help is at
|
||
@uref{http://orgmode.org/worg/org-faq.html#mobileorg_webdav, FAQ entry}.}.
|
||
On first connection, MobileOrg creates a directory @file{MobileOrg/} on
|
||
Dropbox. Pass its location to Emacs through an init file variable as
|
||
follows:
|
||
|
||
@lisp
|
||
(setq org-mobile-directory "~/Dropbox/MobileOrg")
|
||
@end lisp
|
||
|
||
Org copies files to the above directory for MobileOrg. Org also uses the
|
||
same directory for sharing notes between Org and MobileOrg.
|
||
|
||
@node Pushing to MobileOrg
|
||
@section Pushing to MobileOrg
|
||
|
||
Org pushes files listed in @code{org-mobile-files} to
|
||
@code{org-mobile-directory}. Files include agenda files (as listed in
|
||
@code{org-agenda-files}). Customize @code{org-mobile-files} to add other
|
||
files. File names will be staged with paths relative to
|
||
@code{org-directory}, so all files should be inside this
|
||
directory@footnote{Symbolic links in @code{org-directory} should have the
|
||
same name as their targets.}.
|
||
|
||
Push creates a special Org file @file{agendas.org} with custom agenda views
|
||
defined by the user@footnote{While creating the agendas, Org mode will force
|
||
ID properties on all referenced entries, so that these entries can be
|
||
uniquely identified if MobileOrg flags them for further action. To avoid
|
||
setting properties configure the variable
|
||
@code{org-mobile-force-id-on-agenda-items} to @code{nil}. Org mode will then
|
||
rely on outline paths, assuming they are unique.}.
|
||
|
||
Org writes the file @file{index.org}, containing links to other files.
|
||
MobileOrg reads this file first from the server to determine what other files
|
||
to download for agendas. For faster downloads, MobileOrg will read only
|
||
those files whose checksums@footnote{Checksums are stored automatically in
|
||
the file @file{checksums.dat}.} have changed.
|
||
|
||
@node Pulling from MobileOrg
|
||
@section Pulling from MobileOrg
|
||
|
||
When MobileOrg synchronizes with the server, it pulls the Org files for
|
||
viewing. It then appends to the file @file{mobileorg.org} on the server the
|
||
captured entries, pointers to flagged and changed entries. Org integrates
|
||
its data in an inbox file format.
|
||
|
||
@enumerate
|
||
@item
|
||
Org moves all entries found in
|
||
@file{mobileorg.org}@footnote{@file{mobileorg.org} will be empty after this
|
||
operation.} and appends them to the file pointed to by the variable
|
||
@code{org-mobile-inbox-for-pull}. Each captured entry and each editing event
|
||
is a top-level entry in the inbox file.
|
||
@item
|
||
After moving the entries, Org attempts changes to MobileOrg. Some changes
|
||
are applied directly and without user interaction. Examples include changes
|
||
to tags, TODO state, headline and body text. Entries for further action are
|
||
tagged as @code{:FLAGGED:}. Org marks entries with problems with an error
|
||
message in the inbox. They have to be resolved manually.
|
||
@item
|
||
Org generates an agenda view for flagged entries for user intervention to
|
||
clean up. For notes stored in flagged entries, MobileOrg displays them in
|
||
the echo area when the cursor is on the corresponding agenda item.
|
||
|
||
@table @kbd
|
||
@kindex ?
|
||
@item ?
|
||
Pressing @kbd{?} displays the entire flagged note in another window. Org
|
||
also pushes it to the kill ring. To store flagged note as a normal note, use
|
||
@kbd{? z C-y C-c C-c}. Pressing @kbd{?} twice does these things: first it
|
||
removes the @code{:FLAGGED:} tag; second, it removes the flagged note from
|
||
the property drawer; third, it signals that manual editing of the flagged
|
||
entry is now finished.
|
||
@end table
|
||
@end enumerate
|
||
|
||
@kindex C-c a ?
|
||
@kbd{C-c a ?} returns to the agenda view to finish processing flagged
|
||
entries. Note that these entries may not be the most recent since MobileOrg
|
||
searches files that were last pulled. To get an updated agenda view with
|
||
changes since the last pull, pull again.
|
||
|
||
@node History and acknowledgments
|
||
@appendix History and acknowledgments
|
||
@cindex acknowledgments
|
||
@cindex history
|
||
@cindex thanks
|
||
|
||
@section From Carsten
|
||
|
||
Org was born in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface of the Emacs
|
||
Outline mode. I was trying to organize my notes and projects, and using
|
||
Emacs seemed to be the natural way to go. However, having to remember eleven
|
||
different commands with two or three keys per command, only to hide and show
|
||
parts of the outline tree, that seemed entirely unacceptable. Also, when
|
||
using outlines to take notes, I constantly wanted to restructure the tree,
|
||
organizing it paralleling my thoughts and plans. @emph{Visibility cycling}
|
||
and @emph{structure editing} were originally implemented in the package
|
||
@file{outline-magic.el}, but quickly moved to the more general @file{org.el}.
|
||
As this environment became comfortable for project planning, the next step
|
||
was adding @emph{TODO entries}, basic @emph{timestamps}, and @emph{table
|
||
support}. These areas highlighted the two main goals that Org still has
|
||
today: to be a new, outline-based, plain text mode with innovative and
|
||
intuitive editing features, and to incorporate project planning functionality
|
||
directly into a notes file.
|
||
|
||
Since the first release, literally thousands of emails to me or to
|
||
@email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} have provided a constant stream of bug
|
||
reports, feedback, new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code.
|
||
Many thanks to everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am
|
||
trying to keep here a list of the people who had significant influence
|
||
in shaping one or more aspects of Org. The list may not be
|
||
complete, if I have forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and
|
||
let me know.
|
||
|
||
Before I get to this list, a few special mentions are in order:
|
||
|
||
@table @i
|
||
@item Bastien Guerry
|
||
Bastien has written a large number of extensions to Org (most of them
|
||
integrated into the core by now), including the @LaTeX{} exporter and the
|
||
plain list parser. His support during the early days was central to the
|
||
success of this project. Bastien also invented Worg, helped establishing the
|
||
Web presence of Org, and sponsored hosting costs for the orgmode.org website.
|
||
Bastien stepped in as maintainer of Org between 2011 and 2013, at a time when
|
||
I desperately needed a break.
|
||
@item Eric Schulte and Dan Davison
|
||
Eric and Dan are jointly responsible for the Org-babel system, which turns
|
||
Org into a multi-language environment for evaluating code and doing literate
|
||
programming and reproducible research. This has become one of Org's killer
|
||
features that define what Org is today.
|
||
@item John Wiegley
|
||
John has contributed a number of great ideas and patches directly to Org,
|
||
including the attachment system (@file{org-attach.el}), integration with
|
||
Apple Mail (@file{org-mac-message.el}), hierarchical dependencies of TODO
|
||
items, habit tracking (@file{org-habits.el}), and encryption
|
||
(@file{org-crypt.el}). Also, the capture system is really an extended copy
|
||
of his great @file{remember.el}.
|
||
@item Sebastian Rose
|
||
Without Sebastian, the HTML/XHTML publishing of Org would be the pitiful work
|
||
of an ignorant amateur. Sebastian has pushed this part of Org onto a much
|
||
higher level. He also wrote @file{org-info.js}, a Java script for displaying
|
||
web pages derived from Org using an Info-like or a folding interface with
|
||
single-key navigation.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
@noindent See below for the full list of contributions! Again, please
|
||
let me know what I am missing here!
|
||
|
||
@section From Bastien
|
||
|
||
I (Bastien) have been maintaining Org between 2011 and 2013. This appendix
|
||
would not be complete without adding a few more acknowledgments and thanks.
|
||
|
||
I am first grateful to Carsten for his trust while handing me over the
|
||
maintainership of Org. His unremitting support is what really helped me
|
||
getting more confident over time, with both the community and the code.
|
||
|
||
When I took over maintainership, I knew I would have to make Org more
|
||
collaborative than ever, as I would have to rely on people that are more
|
||
knowledgeable than I am on many parts of the code. Here is a list of the
|
||
persons I could rely on, they should really be considered co-maintainers,
|
||
either of the code or the community:
|
||
|
||
@table @i
|
||
@item Eric Schulte
|
||
Eric is maintaining the Babel parts of Org. His reactivity here kept me away
|
||
from worrying about possible bugs here and let me focus on other parts.
|
||
|
||
@item Nicolas Goaziou
|
||
Nicolas is maintaining the consistency of the deepest parts of Org. His work
|
||
on @file{org-element.el} and @file{ox.el} has been outstanding, and it opened
|
||
the doors for many new ideas and features. He rewrote many of the old
|
||
exporters to use the new export engine, and helped with documenting this
|
||
major change. More importantly (if that's possible), he has been more than
|
||
reliable during all the work done for Org 8.0, and always very reactive on
|
||
the mailing list.
|
||
|
||
@item Achim Gratz
|
||
Achim rewrote the building process of Org, turning some @emph{ad hoc} tools
|
||
into a flexible and conceptually clean process. He patiently coped with the
|
||
many hiccups that such a change can create for users.
|
||
|
||
@item Nick Dokos
|
||
The Org mode mailing list would not be such a nice place without Nick, who
|
||
patiently helped users so many times. It is impossible to overestimate such
|
||
a great help, and the list would not be so active without him.
|
||
@end table
|
||
|
||
I received support from so many users that it is clearly impossible to be
|
||
fair when shortlisting a few of them, but Org's history would not be
|
||
complete if the ones above were not mentioned in this manual.
|
||
|
||
@section List of contributions
|
||
|
||
@itemize @bullet
|
||
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Russel Adams} came up with the idea for drawers.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Suvayu Ali} has steadily helped on the mailing list, providing useful
|
||
feedback on many features and several patches.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Luis Anaya} wrote @file{ox-man.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Thomas Baumann} wrote @file{org-bbdb.el} and @file{org-mhe.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Michael Brand} helped by reporting many bugs and testing many features.
|
||
He also implemented the distinction between empty fields and 0-value fields
|
||
in Org's spreadsheets.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Christophe Bataillon} created the great unicorn logo that we use on the
|
||
Org mode website.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Alex Bochannek} provided a patch for rounding timestamps.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jan Böcker} wrote @file{org-docview.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Brad Bozarth} showed how to pull RSS feed data into Org mode files.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Tom Breton} wrote @file{org-choose.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Charles Cave}'s suggestion sparked the implementation of templates
|
||
for Remember, which are now templates for capture.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Pavel Chalmoviansky} influenced the agenda treatment of items with
|
||
specified time.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Gregory Chernov} patched support for Lisp forms into table
|
||
calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by porting
|
||
@file{nouline.el} to XEmacs.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Sacha Chua} suggested copying some linking code from Planner, and helped
|
||
make Org pupular through her blog.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Toby S. Cubitt} contributed to the code for clock formats.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Baoqiu Cui} contributed the first DocBook exporter. In Org 8.0, we go a
|
||
different route: you can now export to Texinfo and export the @file{.texi}
|
||
file to DocBook using @code{makeinfo}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Eddward DeVilla} proposed and tested checkbox statistics. He also
|
||
came up with the idea of properties, and that there should be an API for
|
||
them.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Nick Dokos} tracked down several nasty bugs.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Kees Dullemond} used to edit projects lists directly in HTML and so
|
||
inspired some of the early development, including HTML export. He also
|
||
asked for a way to narrow wide table columns.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jason Dunsmore} has been maintaining the Org-Mode server at Rackspace for
|
||
several years now. He also sponsored the hosting costs until Rackspace
|
||
started to host us for free.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Thomas S. Dye} contributed documentation on Worg and helped integrating
|
||
the Org-Babel documentation into the manual.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Christian Egli} converted the documentation into Texinfo format, inspired
|
||
the agenda, patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and wrote
|
||
@file{org-taskjuggler.el}, which has been rewritten by Nicolas Goaziou as
|
||
@file{ox-taskjuggler.el} for Org 8.0.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{David Emery} provided a patch for custom CSS support in exported
|
||
HTML agendas.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Sean Escriva} took over MobileOrg development on the iPhone platform.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Nic Ferrier} contributed mailcap and XOXO support.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Miguel A. Figueroa-Villanueva} implemented hierarchical checkboxes.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{John Foerch} figured out how to make incremental search show context
|
||
around a match in a hidden outline tree.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Raimar Finken} wrote @file{org-git-line.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Mikael Fornius} works as a mailing list moderator.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Austin Frank} works as a mailing list moderator.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Eric Fraga} drove the development of BEAMER export with ideas and
|
||
testing.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Barry Gidden} did proofreading the manual in preparation for the book
|
||
publication through Network Theory Ltd.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Niels Giesen} had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Nicolas Goaziou} rewrote much of the plain list code. He also wrote
|
||
@file{org-element.el} and @file{org-export.el}, which was a huge step forward
|
||
in implementing a clean framework for Org exporters.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Kai Grossjohann} pointed out key-binding conflicts with other packages.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Brian Gough} of Network Theory Ltd publishes the Org mode manual as a
|
||
book.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Bernt Hansen} has driven much of the support for auto-repeating tasks,
|
||
task state change logging, and the clocktable. His clear explanations have
|
||
been critical when we started to adopt the Git version control system.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Manuel Hermenegildo} has contributed various ideas, small fixes and
|
||
patches.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Phil Jackson} wrote @file{org-irc.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Scott Jaderholm} proposed footnotes, control over whitespace between
|
||
folded entries, and column view for properties.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Matt Jones} wrote @i{MobileOrg Android}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Tokuya Kameshima} wrote @file{org-wl.el} and @file{org-mew.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jonathan Leech-Pepin} wrote @file{ox-texinfo.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Shidai Liu} ("Leo") asked for embedded @LaTeX{} and tested it. He also
|
||
provided frequent feedback and some patches.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Matt Lundin} has proposed last-row references for table formulas and named
|
||
invisible anchors. He has also worked a lot on the FAQ.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{David Maus} wrote @file{org-atom.el}, maintains the issues file for Org,
|
||
and is a prolific contributor on the mailing list with competent replies,
|
||
small fixes and patches.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jason F. McBrayer} suggested agenda export to CSV format.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Max Mikhanosha} came up with the idea of refiling and sticky agendas.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Dmitri Minaev} sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file
|
||
basis.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Stefan Monnier} provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
|
||
happy.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Richard Moreland} wrote MobileOrg for the iPhone.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Rick Moynihan} proposed allowing multiple TODO sequences in a file
|
||
and being able to quickly restrict the agenda to a subtree.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Todd Neal} provided patches for links to Info files and Elisp forms.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Greg Newman} refreshed the unicorn logo into its current form.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Tim O'Callaghan} suggested in-file links, search options for general
|
||
file links, and TAGS.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Osamu Okano} wrote @file{orgcard2ref.pl}, a Perl program to create a text
|
||
version of the reference card.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Takeshi Okano} translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial
|
||
into Japanese.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Oliver Oppitz} suggested multi-state TODO items.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Scott Otterson} sparked the introduction of descriptive text for
|
||
links, among other things.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Pete Phillips} helped during the development of the TAGS feature, and
|
||
provided frequent feedback.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Francesco Pizzolante} provided patches that helped speeding up the agenda
|
||
generation.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Martin Pohlack} provided the code snippet to bundle character insertion
|
||
into bundles of 20 for undo.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Rackspace.com} is hosting our website for free. Thank you Rackspace!
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{T.V. Raman} reported bugs and suggested improvements.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Matthias Rempe} (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
|
||
control.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Paul Rivier} provided the basic implementation of named footnotes. He
|
||
also acted as mailing list moderator for some time.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Kevin Rogers} contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Frank Ruell} solved the mystery of the @code{keymapp nil} bug, a
|
||
conflict with @file{allout.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jason Riedy} generalized the send-receive mechanism for Orgtbl tables with
|
||
extensive patches.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Philip Rooke} created the Org reference card, provided lots
|
||
of feedback, developed and applied standards to the Org documentation.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Christian Schlauer} proposed angular brackets around links, among
|
||
other things.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Christopher Schmidt} reworked @code{orgstruct-mode} so that users can
|
||
enjoy folding in non-org buffers by using Org headlines in comments.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Paul Sexton} wrote @file{org-ctags.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
Linking to VM/BBDB/Gnus was first inspired by @i{Tom Shannon}'s
|
||
@file{organizer-mode.el}.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Ilya Shlyakhter} proposed the Archive Sibling, line numbering in literal
|
||
examples, and remote highlighting for referenced code lines.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Stathis Sideris} wrote the @file{ditaa.jar} ASCII to PNG converter that is
|
||
now packaged into Org's @file{contrib} directory.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Daniel Sinder} came up with the idea of internal archiving by locking
|
||
subtrees.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Dale Smith} proposed link abbreviations.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{James TD Smith} has contributed a large number of patches for useful
|
||
tweaks and features.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Adam Spiers} asked for global linking commands, inspired the link
|
||
extension system, added support for mairix, and proposed the mapping API.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Ulf Stegemann} created the table to translate special symbols to HTML,
|
||
@LaTeX{}, UTF-8, Latin-1 and ASCII.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Andy Stewart} contributed code to @file{org-w3m.el}, to copy HTML content
|
||
with links transformation to Org syntax.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{David O'Toole} wrote @file{org-publish.el} and drafted the manual
|
||
chapter about publishing.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jambunathan K} contributed the ODT exporter and rewrote the HTML exporter.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Sebastien Vauban} reported many issues with @LaTeX{} and BEAMER export and
|
||
enabled source code highlighting in Gnus.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Stefan Vollmar} organized a video-recorded talk at the
|
||
Max-Planck-Institute for Neurology. He also inspired the creation of a
|
||
concept index for HTML export.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Jürgen Vollmer} contributed code generating the table of contents
|
||
in HTML output.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Samuel Wales} has provided important feedback and bug reports.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Chris Wallace} provided a patch implementing the @samp{QUOTE}
|
||
keyword.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{David Wainberg} suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
|
||
system.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Carsten Wimmer} suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in
|
||
linking to Gnus.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Roland Winkler} requested additional key bindings to make Org
|
||
work on a tty.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Piotr Zielinski} wrote @file{org-mouse.el}, proposed agenda blocks
|
||
and contributed various ideas and code snippets.
|
||
@item
|
||
@i{Marco Wahl} wrote @file{org-eww.el}.
|
||
@end itemize
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node GNU Free Documentation License
|
||
@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
|
||
@include doclicense.texi
|
||
|
||
|
||
@node Main Index
|
||
@unnumbered Concept index
|
||
|
||
@printindex cp
|
||
|
||
@node Key Index
|
||
@unnumbered Key index
|
||
|
||
@printindex ky
|
||
|
||
@node Command and Function Index
|
||
@unnumbered Command and function index
|
||
|
||
@printindex fn
|
||
|
||
@node Variable Index
|
||
@unnumbered Variable index
|
||
|
||
This is not a complete index of variables and faces, only the ones that are
|
||
mentioned in the manual. For a complete list, use @kbd{M-x org-customize
|
||
@key{RET}}.
|
||
|
||
@printindex vr
|
||
|
||
@bye
|
||
|
||
@c Local variables:
|
||
@c fill-column: 77
|
||
@c indent-tabs-mode: nil
|
||
@c paragraph-start: "\\|^@[a-zA-Z]*[ \n]\\|^@x?org\\(key\\|cmd\\)\\|\f\\|[ ]*$"
|
||
@c paragraph-separate: "\\|^@[a-zA-Z]*[ \n]\\|^@x?org\\(key\\|cmd\\)\\|[ \f]*$"
|
||
@c End:
|
||
|
||
|
||
@c LocalWords: webdavhost pre
|