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<span style="color: #9e9e9e;">#+title:</span> <span style="color: #29838d; font-weight: 700;">June 2021
</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">#+subtitle:</span> <span style="color: #29838d;">A relaxed month
</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">#+author:</span> <span style="color: #29838d;">TEC
</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">#+date:</span> <span style="color: #29838d;">2021-06-34
</span>
The previous two months have been pretty good for Org development --- with many
bug fixes and feature improvements. This month has been substantially slower
than the last<span style="color: #ac4426;">[fn:1]</span>, but that's not to say not much is happening: in fact, there are
some rather nifty contributions lined up for the not-too-distant future and a
certain long-awaited feature branch<span style="color: #ac4426;">[fn:2]</span> is getting very close to merging 😀.
You'll just have to stick around to hear about those in a future edition of TMIO 😉.
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+caption:</span> <span class="ef-ob">It's right around the corner, I swear!</span>
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+attr_html: :class invertible</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/dilbert-zenos-paradox.jpg]]</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">* Customise the reference command used in LaTeX</span>
Previously, whenever you linked to another part of your document (with or
without giving it a name) --- for example with <span style="color: #4f894c;">=</span><span style="color: #4f894c; font-weight: 700;">[[Profound section]]</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">=</span> or similar
--- when exporting to LaTeX Org would <span style="text-decoration: italic;">/always/</span> use the <span style="color: #4f894c;">=\ref=</span> command.
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+caption:</span> <span class="ef-ob">A LaTeX export of a simple document with a reference to both the first and second section.</span>
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+caption:</span> <span class="ef-ob">"2" what? Section 2, Table 2, Figure 2, ...</span>
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+attr_html: :class invertible</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/org-latex-default-reference-to-sec.png]]</span>
You can now set the format string <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-reference-command~</span> (<span style="color: #4f894c;">=\\ref{%s}=</span> by
default) to anything you'd like. For example, making use of the <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://ctan.org/pkg/cleveref][cleveref]]</span> package
I can set this to <span style="color: #4f894c;">=\\cref{%s}=</span> and then add <span style="color: #9e9e9e;">src_</span><span style="color: #b6b6b6;">elisp</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">{</span><span class="ef-ob">(</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"capitalize"</span> <span style="color: #4f894c;">"cleveref"</span><span class="ef-ob">
nil)</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">}</span><span style="color: #ac4426;">[fn:3]</span> to <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-packages-alist~</span>.
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+caption:</span> <span class="ef-ob">A LaTeX export of the same document, but now using ~cleveref~. Note the change from "1" and "2" to "Section 1" and "Section 2".</span>
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+attr_html: :class invertible</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/org-latex-cref-reference-to-sec.png]]</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">* A diversion into writing Org for LaTeX</span>
Speaking of LaTeX exports, a member of the Org mailing list recently told us
about <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05096][a paper]]</span> pushed to <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://arxiv.org/][arXiv]]</span> which was written <span style="text-decoration: italic;">/entirely/</span> in Org. Why don't we
use that as a prompt to talk a bit about generating LaTeX documents from Org?
For an experienced LaTeX-er, Org may initially appear best suited to simple
documents, but in fact it's possible to reproduce any LaTeX structure in Org
with no more difficulty (often less) than in LaTeX.
<span style="color: #97365b; font-weight: 700;">** Simple elements</span>
The "basic" Org elements are simply translated to their LaTeX counterparts.
Markup like <span style="font-weight: 700;">*bold*</span>, <span style="text-decoration: italic;">/italic/</span>, etc. are simply translated through
<span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-text-markup-alist~</span>.
For those of us who dabble with equations, Org is <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://orgmode.org/manual/LaTeX-fragments.html][very accomodating]]</span>. You can
type (LaTeX-style) inline and display equations in exactly the same way (<span style="color: #4f894c;">=\( \)=</span>
and <span style="color: #4f894c;">=\[ \]=</span>), and what's more, if you have a LaTeX environment statement
<span style="color: #4f894c;">=\begin{...}=</span> on its own line, Org will recognise it and pass it into the
generated LaTeX.
<span style="color: #97365b; font-weight: 700;">** Figures and tables</span>
One area where the improvement when moving to Org is particularly apparent is
with figures and tables. To simply include an image, an image link alone is
sufficient.
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/salvador-dali-persistence-of-memory.jpg]]</span>
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>When exported to LaTeX this will be expanded to
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src LaTeX
</span><span style="color: DimGray;">\includegraphics</span><span class="ef-ob">[width=.9</span><span style="color: DimGray;">\linewidth</span><span class="ef-ob">]{figures/salvador-dali-persistence-of-memory.jpg}
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
As soon as you add a <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+caption=</span>, though, Org knows you mean business and
generates a <span style="text-decoration: italic;">/proper/</span> figure.
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+caption: A famous surrealist painting
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/salvador-dali-persistence-of-memory.jpg]]</span>
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src LaTeX
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\begin</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #29838d;">figure</span><span class="ef-ob">}[htbp]
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\centering</span>
<span style="color: DimGray;">\includegraphics</span><span class="ef-ob">[width=.9</span><span style="color: DimGray;">\linewidth</span><span class="ef-ob">]{figures/salvador-dali-persistence-of-memory.jpg}
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\caption</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">A famous surrealist painting</span><span class="ef-ob">}
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\end</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #29838d;">figure</span><span class="ef-ob">}
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
As you may have guessed from the fact this works without a LaTeX-specific
keyword, this works nicely in HTML too 🙂.
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+caption:</span> <span class="ef-ob">A famous surrealist painting</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/salvador-dali-persistence-of-memory.jpg]]</span>
The LaTeX backend also accepts additional image attributes (<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://orgmode.org/manual/Images-in-LaTeX-export.html][manual page]]</span>). For
example, to set the image width I can simply add
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+attr_latex: :width 0.4\linewidth
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>above the image link.
You can do the same with tables:
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+caption: A selection of famous paintings by Salvador Dalí
</span><span style="color: #842879;">| Year | Painting |</span>
<span style="color: #842879;">|------+----------------------------|</span>
<span style="color: #842879;">| 1931 | The persistence of memory |</span>
<span style="color: #842879;">| 1937 | Swans reflecting elephants |</span>
<span style="color: #842879;">| 1837 | Metamorphosis of narcissus |</span>
<span style="color: #842879;">| 1952 | Galatea of the spheres |</span>
<span style="color: #842879;">| 1966 | Tuna fishing |</span>
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
I like to set <span style="color: #9e9e9e;">src_</span><span style="color: #b6b6b6;">elisp</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">{</span><span class="ef-ob">(</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">setq</span><span class="ef-ob"> org-latex-tables-booktabs t)</span><span style="color: #9e9e9e;">}</span> to use the nice
<span style="color: #4f894c;">=booktabs=</span> rules in the generated tables. Just remember to ensure the <span style="color: #4f894c;">=booktabs=</span>
package is loaded.
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src LaTeX
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\begin</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #29838d;">table</span><span class="ef-ob">}[htbp]
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\caption</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">A selection of famous paintings by Salvador Dalí</span><span class="ef-ob">}
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\centering</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\begin</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #29838d;">tabular</span><span class="ef-ob">}{rl}
</span><span style="color: DimGray;">\toprule</span><span class="ef-ob">
Year </span><span style="color: #9a7500;">&amp;</span><span class="ef-ob"> Painting</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">\\</span>
<span style="color: DimGray;">\midrule</span><span class="ef-ob">
1931 </span><span style="color: #9a7500;">&amp;</span><span class="ef-ob"> The persistence of memory</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">\\</span><span class="ef-ob">
1937 </span><span style="color: #9a7500;">&amp;</span><span class="ef-ob"> Swans reflecting elephants</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">\\</span><span class="ef-ob">
1837 </span><span style="color: #9a7500;">&amp;</span><span class="ef-ob"> Metamorphosis of narcissus</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">\\</span><span class="ef-ob">
1952 </span><span style="color: #9a7500;">&amp;</span><span class="ef-ob"> Galatea of the spheres</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">\\</span><span class="ef-ob">
1966 </span><span style="color: #9a7500;">&amp;</span><span class="ef-ob"> Tuna fishing</span><span style="color: #9a7500;">\\</span>
<span style="color: DimGray;">\bottomrule</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\end</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #29838d;">tabular</span><span class="ef-ob">}
</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">\end</span><span class="ef-ob">{</span><span style="color: #29838d;">table</span><span class="ef-ob">}
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
Org is nice and does the right thing^{TM} by including the caption at the top.
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+caption:</span> <span class="ef-ob">Look ma, I put the caption in the right place.</span>
<span style="color: #b6b6b6;">#+attr_html: :class invertible</span>
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:figures/org-table-to-latex-example.png]]</span>
There are also some <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://orgmode.org/manual/Images-in-LaTeX-export.html][more attributes]]</span> you can supply to tables. Should I want the
table to spread out I could use <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+attr_latex: :environment tabularx=</span> (as long as
I've loaded the <span style="color: #4f894c;">=tabularx=</span> package) and then set the columns with <span style="color: #4f894c;">=:align lX=</span>.
<span style="color: #97365b; font-weight: 700;">** Code blocks</span>
By default, source code blocks are translated verbatim. We can do better than
that however. We can tell Org to use <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://ctan.org/pkg/listings][listings]]</span>, but I'd recommend going one step
further and using <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://ctan.org/pkg/minted][minted]]</span>. For this to work we need to perform three actions:
+ Tell Org we want to use <span style="color: #4f894c;">=minted=</span> environments for source code
+ Load the <span style="color: #4f894c;">=minted=</span> package by default
+ Add <span style="color: #4f894c;">=-shell-escape=</span> to our LaTeX compiler flags, so <span style="color: #4f894c;">=minted=</span> may call <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://pygments.org/][pygments]]</span>.
This can easily be accomplished via the following snippet:
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src emacs-lisp
</span><span class="ef-ob">(</span><span style="color: #3b6ea8;">setq</span><span class="ef-ob"> org-latex-listings 'minted
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">;; </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">as long as you have latexmk installed
</span><span class="ef-ob"> org-latex-pdf-process
'(</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"latexmk -f -pdf -%latex -shell-escape -interaction=nonstopmode -output-directory=%o %f"</span><span class="ef-ob">))
(add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist '(</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">""</span> <span style="color: #4f894c;">"minted"</span><span class="ef-ob">))
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
To customise <span style="color: #4f894c;">=minted=</span>, as well as inserting content into the <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[Preamble content][preamble]]</span>, one can
also customise <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-minted-options~</span> to control what options are applied to
each <span style="color: #4f894c;">=minted=</span> environment.
<span style="color: #97365b; font-weight: 700;">** Custom environments</span>
Org has a number of <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://orgmode.org/manual/Blocks.html][blocks]]</span> which are treated specially, like <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+begin_src=</span> for
source code, and <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+begin_centre=</span> for centred text. When exporting this same
syntax allows you to wrap Org content in any LaTeX environments (as long as it
doesn't match one of Org's recognised environments).
For example, if you wrote a <span style="color: #4f894c;">=warning=</span> environment in LaTeX to box and emphasise
text, to wrap some Org content in it one simply needs to write:
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+begin_warning
Pay close attention! This is very important.
,#+end_warning
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>and the content will be wrapped in <span style="color: #4f894c;">=\begin{warning} ... \end{warning}=</span>.
<span style="color: #97365b; font-weight: 700;">** The LaTeX escape hatches</span>
Should there be a particular LaTeX command you wish to insert somewhere, you
simply need to put it on its own line with <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+latex:=</span> in front and it will be
transferred to the generated LaTeX (this works with other formats too).
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+latex: \newpage
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
For larger snippets of LaTeX, there's always the export block.
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+begin_export latex
\cleardoublepage
\vfil
\hfil This page is intentionally left blank \hfil
\vfil
\newpage
,#+end_export
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
<span style="color: #97365b; font-weight: 700;">** Preamble content</span>
Should you wish to include the line in the preamble (before <span style="color: #4f894c;">=\begin{document}=</span>),
then all you need to do is use <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+latex_header:=</span>.
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src org
</span><span class="ef-ob">,#+latex_header: \newcommand{\RR}{\mathbb{R}}
,#+latex_header: \usepackage{svg} % so that </span><span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[file:*.svg]]</span><span class="ef-ob"> works nicely
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>This is great for adding one-off <span style="color: #4f894c;">=\usepackage=</span> commands, but what if you find
yourself wanting a package (like <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://ctan.org/pkg/svg][svg]]</span>) to be always included? Well the we have
the aforementioned <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-packages-alist~</span> which will include the packages
set when exporting; you can even set some packages to only be included when
using a certain LaTeX compiler.
Should you want to use a certain preset preamble, you can make use of the
<span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+latex_class=</span> keyword. This is used to set the base preamble template used when
generating the LaTeX. See <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-classes~</span> for what's available by default. You
should see entries for:
+ article
+ report
+ book
+ beamer
One of these is always used when generating LaTeX; when no <span style="color: #4f894c;">=#+latex_class=</span> is set
in the document, the template named by <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-default-class~</span> will be used.
What's great about this is that is makes it really easy to add your own
templates. Each template simply takes three components:
1. A name
2. A preamble template
3. A series of format strings to translate headings to LaTeX, with and without numbering
For example, I'm quite a fan of the <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://ctan.org/pkg/koma-script][KOMA-script]]</span> family. Should I want to add a
<span style="color: #4f894c;">=kart=</span> class (for: <span style="font-weight: 700;">*k*</span>oma <span style="font-weight: 700;">*art*</span>icle), I simply need to do something like the
following:
<span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+begin_src emacs-lisp
</span><span class="ef-ob">(add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
'(</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"kart"</span> <span style="color: #b1b1b1;">; </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">class name
</span> <span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\documentclass{scrartcl}"</span> <span style="color: #b1b1b1;">; </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">preamble template
</span><span class="ef-ob"> (</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\section{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob"> . </span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\section*{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob">) </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">; </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">H1 translation
</span><span class="ef-ob"> (</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\subsection{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob"> . </span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\subsection*{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob">) </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">; </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">H2 translation
</span><span class="ef-ob"> (</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\subsubsection{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob"> . </span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\subsubsection*{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob">) </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">; </span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">H3...
</span><span class="ef-ob"> (</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\paragraph{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob"> . </span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\paragraph*{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob">)
(</span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\subparagraph{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob"> . </span><span style="color: #4f894c;">"\\subparagraph*{%s}"</span><span class="ef-ob">)))
</span><span style="color: #b1b1b1;">#+end_src
</span>
See the documentation for <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-latex-classes~</span> for more information on how the
preamble template in handled.
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">* Other improvements</span>
+ <span style="color: #4f894c;">=ox-koma-letter.el=</span> has been brought into Org's main directory from the ) <span style="color: #4f894c;">=contrib/=</span> repo _Bastien Guerry_
+ Speed up publishing by using delayed hooks and temp buffers instead of finding
files _Gustav Wikström_
+ Improve generated HTML quality: prevent W3C warning and add some accessibility
labels _TEC_
+ Make the behaviour of the "goto variant" of <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-refile~</span> (<span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-speed-commands~</span>)
less confusing _Marco Wahl_
+ Backport an update to the OpenDocument schema _Kyle Meyer_
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">* Bugfixes</span>
+ Off by one error in texinfo menu generation _Nicolas Goaziou_
+ Error in entry/conversion of non-24h times in the agenda _Nicolas Goaziou_
+ Only use <span style="color: #ac4426;">~replace-buffer-contents~</span> with Emacs 27+ when saving src blocks, as the
behaviour isn't consistent until then _Nicolas Goaziou_
+ Prevent "before first headline" error in <span style="color: #4f894c;">=org-clock=</span> when clocking out _Nicolas Goaziou_
+ Avoid setting the global agenda name when following a timestamp link _Ingo Lohmar_
+ Don't bind <span style="color: #4f894c;">=&lt;tab&gt;=</span> in <span style="color: #ac4426;">~org-mode-map~</span> _Nicolas Goaziou_
+ Erroneous tangling of source block with <span style="color: #4f894c;">=:tangle no=</span> to a file <span style="color: #4f894c;">=no=</span> when the
tangle command is called with a single universal argument _Jacopo De Simoi_
<span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">* Footnotes</span>
<span style="color: #ac4426;">[fn:1]</span> As has been the writing of this blog post 😜
<span style="color: #ac4426;">[fn:2]</span> First-class support for citations is coming to Org! With support for <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://citationstyles.org/][CSL]]</span>
and <span style="color: #3b6ea8; font-weight: 700;">[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX][BibTeX]]</span>, with a number of citation processors 🙌. Soon^{TM}
<span style="color: #ac4426;">[fn:3]</span> I'm rather a fan of the <span style="color: #4f894c;">=capitalize=</span> option because (1) technically the
reference to a named object is a proper noun, and (2) this means you don't have
to worry about references not being capitalized when appearing at the start of a
sentence.
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